The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation
Open accessAbstract
Early adversity, for example poor caregiving, can have profound effects on emotional development. Orphanage rearing, even in the best circumstances, lies outside of the bounds of a species‐typical caregiving environment. The long‐term effects of this early adversity on the neurobiological development associated with socio‐emotional behaviors are not well understood. Seventy‐eight children, who include those who have experienced orphanage care and a comparison group, were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure volumes of whole brain and limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus). Emotion regulation was assessed with an emotional go‐nogo paradigm, and anxiety and internalizing behaviors were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, the Child Behavior Checklist, and a structured clinical interview. Late adoption was associated with larger corrected amygdala volumes, poorer emotion regulation, and increased anxiety. Although more than 50% of the children who experienced orphanage rearing met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, with a third having an anxiety disorder, the group differences observed in amygdala volume were not driven by the presence of an anxiety disorder. The findings are consistent with previous reports describing negative effects of prolonged orphanage care on emotional behavior and with animal models that show long‐term changes in the amygdala and emotional behavior following early postnatal stress. These changes in limbic circuitry may underlie residual emotional and social problems experienced by children who have been internationally adopted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the same vein, it has been shown that maltreated children have higher amygdala volume (Lupien et al., 2011;Tottenham et al., 2010).”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Children deprived of a stable and responsive caregiver exhibit high levels of insecure and disorganized attachment and atypical affective development characterized by heightened emotional reactivity, accelerated functional development of the amygdala, poor emotion regulation, and atypical stress reactivity.(25, 32–37)”
From Neglect as a violation of species-expectant experience: neurodevelopmental consequences (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and recent data suggest that atypical presentations of these same systems have implications for understanding emotion dysregulation (Miller et al. 2017b, Tottenham et al. 2010) and a range of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Burghy et al. 2012, Chen et al. 2015, Nederhof et al. 2015, Slavich & Irwin 2014).”
From Adolescent Suicide as a Failure of Acute Stress-Response Systems. (2019) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al. 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“children with histories of severe neglect show marked problems in many other domains, including psychopathology (34), social competence (35), emotional reactivity (36), and academic achievement (37)”
From Long-term effects of institutional rearing, foster care, and brain activity on memory and executive functioning (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Induced early life stress has been associated with amygdalar hypertrophy in primates (73), with increased volumes also found in children exposed to both neglect (74) and mild maternal disengagement (75).”
From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Longitudinal studies27 as well as studies of children raised in orphanages28 indicate that disorganized attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volume—a hypothesized biomarker of difficulty with emotion regulation28.”
From Psychobiological factors of resilience and depression in late life (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The hippocampus is also highly stress susceptible, with sensitive periods in early childhood and during the pubertal period, but effects of stress are less persistent (15, 24, 47).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Extreme deprivation dramatically alters neural architecture and functioning.”
From Normalization of EEG activity among previously institutionalized children placed into foster care: A 12-year follow-up of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2016) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Smaller left amygdala volume and larger right amygdala volume were reported in a small study of previously-institutionalized children,(128) but these patterns have not been replicated in larger studies.(33, 129)”
From Neglect as a violation of species-expectant experience: neurodevelopmental consequences (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, stress-induced amygdala morphology and volume changes seem to persist (Vyas et al., 2002, Adamec et al., 2005, Tottenham et al., 2010).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“In studies of children reared in orphanages abroad and later adopted into stable families, the findings consistently suggest that earlier adoption is better (Rutter, 1998, Gunnar et al., 2000, Tottenham et al., 2010).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Human studies of maternal deprivation early in life have shown atypical frontoamygdala development and function with greater amygdala volume, amygdala hyperactivity, and less prefrontal activity to emotional stimuli, as well as long-term impairments in anxiety and social behavior (Mehta et al., 2009, Zeanah et al., 2009, Tottenham et al., 2010, Tottenham et al., 2011).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010, Tottenham et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Human studies of maternal deprivation early in life have shown atypical frontoamygdala development and function with greater amygdala volume, amygdala hyperactivity, and less prefrontal activity to emotional stimuli, as well as long-term impairments in anxiety and social behavior (Mehta et al., 2009, Zeanah et al., 2009, Tottenham et al., 2010, Tottenham et al., 2011).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al., 2010, Tottenham et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The finding of reduced amygdala volume is counter to the enlarged amygdala volumes found in children with experiences of early deprivation (Tottenham et al, 2010).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Tottenham et al, 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., van der Kouwe, A., Killiany, R., Kennedy, D., Klaveness, S., et al. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00569-x · Cited by 8,610
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., Veizel, K., & Zibulsky, J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese2519 · Cited by 5,546
Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 5,429 · cited 1×
“In contrast, prolonged stress typically results in a decrease in structure and function (see Bremner, 2006 and McEwen, 2007 for a review of the literature), a phenotype which shows recovery once the stressor period has ended (Vyas et al., 2004), even when that stress is experienced early in life…”
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
Wechsler, D. (1999) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15170-000 · Cited by 4,681
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
A revised version of the Psychoticism scale
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1 · Cited by 3,094
The amygdala: vigilance and emotion
Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000812 · Cited by 2,882
Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, Ysr, and Trf Profiles
Achenbach, T. M. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,454
The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 · Cited by 2,420
BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Ames E., 1990, Spitz revisited: a trip to Romanian ‘orphanages’, Canadian Psychological Association Developmental Psychology Section Newsletter, 9, 8
- Ames E., 1997, The development of Romanian orphan‐age children adopted to Canada (final report to the National Welfare Grants Program: Human Resources Development Canada)
- Durfee H., 1933, Anstaltspflege und entwicklung im ersten lebensjahr, Zeitschrift fur Kinderforschung, 42, 273
- Orvaschel H., 1994, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children ‐ Parent version (KSADS‐P) (5th edn.)
- 10.1111/1469-7610.00343 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., THE COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, C. O. E. C., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., Garner, A. S., McGuinn, L., Pascoe, J., & Wood, D. L. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2663 · Cited by 5,164
Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load and age-related disease
Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019 · Cited by 2,140
The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.111 · Cited by 1,856
Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development
Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Grantham-McGregor, S., Black, M. M., Nelson, C. A., Huffman, S. L., Baker-Henningham, H., Chang, S. M., Hamadani, J. D., Lozoff, B., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60555-2 · Cited by 1,756
Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect
Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12507 · Cited by 1,473
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012 · Cited by 1,389
“his lack of an early attachment figure, a central feature of early uman experience, has been investigated and reviewed extenively by Tottenham and colleagues (Gee et al., 2013; Tottenham, 012; Tottenham et al., 2010), and as such we do not review these ffects in depth.”
BackgroundPechtel, P., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2009-2 · Cited by 1,352
More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science
Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., Puterman, E., & Mendes, W. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,077
“…early life stress to disease development may be mediated by early changes in neural pathways regulating stress, such as amygdala connectivity (e.g., Tottenham et al., 2010), biological pathways such as chronic inflammation in adulthood (Slopen et al., 2010; Surtees et al., 2003; Danese et al.,…”
BackgroundTeicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070957 · Cited by 1,050
Heim, C., & Binder, E. B. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032 · Cited by 986
Social influences on neuroplasticity: stress and interventions to promote well-being
Davidson, R. J., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3093 · Cited by 892
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950 · Cited by 892
Luby, J., Belden, A., Botteron, K., Marrus, N., Harms, M. P., Babb, C., Nishino, T., & Barch, D. (2013) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3139 · Cited by 733
Hostinar, C. E., Sullivan, R. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0032671 · Cited by 739
Self-citationNeuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review
Hart, H., & Rubia, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052 · Cited by 660
Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala
Hanson, J. L., Nacewicz, B. M., Sutterer, M. J., Cayo, A. A., Schaefer, S. M., Rudolph, K. D., Shirtcliff, E. A., Pollak, S. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.020 · Cited by 627
Buss, C., Davis, E. P., Shahbaba, B., Pruessner, J. C., Head, K., & Sandman, C. A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1201295109 · Cited by 652
The stress acceleration hypothesis: effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior
Callaghan, B. L., & Tottenham, N. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.018 · Cited by 585
Self-citationHerzog, J. I., & Schmahl, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00420 · Cited by 583
Bonanno, G. A., Romero, S. A., & Klein, S. I. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.992677 · Cited by 551
Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain
Noble, K. G., Houston, S. M., Kan, E., & Sowell, E. R. (2012) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01147.x · Cited by 542
Cutuli, D. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00175 · Cited by 484
The storm and stress of adolescence: insights from human imaging and mouse genetics
Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., Levita, L., Libby, V., Pattwell, S. S., Ruberry, E. J., Soliman, F., & Somerville, L. H. (2010) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20447 · Cited by 480
Self-citationElevated amygdala response to faces following early deprivation
Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., Millner, A., Gilhooly, T., Zevin, J. D., & Casey, B. J. (2011) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00971.x · Cited by 468
Self-citationSocial Structure, Adversity, Toxic Stress, and Intergenerational Poverty: An Early Childhood Model
McEwen, C. A., & McEwen, B. S. (2017) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053252 · Cited by 472
Variation in neural development as a result of exposure to institutionalization early in childhood
Sheridan, M. A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., McLaughlin, K. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200041109 · Cited by 432
Environment and Brain Plasticity: Towards an Endogenous Pharmacotherapy
Sale, A., Berardi, N., & Maffei, L. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2012 · Cited by 402
Garner, A., Yogman, M., COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, Lavin, A., Askew, G. L., Baum, R. A., Berger-Jenkins, E., Johnson, T. J., Jutte, D., Nasir, A. A., et al. (2021) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-052582 · Cited by 392
Lupien, S. J., Parent, S., Evans, A. C., Tremblay, R. E., Zelazo, P. D., Corbo, V., Pruessner, J. C., & Séguin, J. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1105371108 · Cited by 379
Childhood Trauma Exposure Disrupts the Automatic Regulation of Emotional Processing
Marusak, H. A., Martin, K. R., Etkin, A., & Thomason, M. E. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.311 · Cited by 343
Sensitive periods of amygdala development: the role of maltreatment in preadolescence
Pechtel, P., Lyons-Ruth, K., Anderson, C. M., & Teicher, M. H. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.025 · Cited by 342
“2 (11.10) 28 (84.80) x2 = 26.15 .001 t1:8 U N C O R R E C was found in children who had experienced prolonged institutional deprivation (Mehta et al., 2009; Tottenham et al., 2010) or rearing by chronically depressedmothers (Lupien et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGray matter abnormalities in childhood maltreatment: a voxel-wise meta-analysis
Lim, L., Radua, J., & Rubia, K. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101427 · Cited by 336
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment: A Review of Neurobiological and Genetic Factors
McCrory, E., De Brito, S. A., & Viding, E. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00048 · Cited by 329
Early-life stress has persistent effects on amygdala function and development in mice and humans
Malter Cohen, M., Jing, D., Yang, R. R., Tottenham, N., Lee, F. S., & Casey, B. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1310163110 · Cited by 307
Self-citationStress and the adolescent brain
Tottenham, N., & Galván, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.030 · Cited by 324
Self-citationEffects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology
Saleh, A., Potter, G. G., McQuoid, D. R., Boyd, B., Turner, R., MacFall, J. R., & Taylor, W. D. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002403 · Cited by 301
Neglect as a violation of species-expectant experience: neurodevelopmental consequences
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1096 · Cited by 295
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., Winter, W., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.016 · Cited by 288
Pfeifer, J. H., & Allen, N. B. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.011 · Cited by 299
The link between child abuse and psychopathology: A review of neurobiological and genetic research
McCrory, E., De Brito, S. A., & Viding, E. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.2011.110222 · Cited by 292
Graham, A. M., Rasmussen, J. M., Rudolph, M. D., Heim, C. M., Gilmore, J. H., Styner, M., Potkin, S. G., Entringer, S., Wadhwa, P. D., Fair, D. A., et al. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.027 · Cited by 282
Callaghan, B. L., & Tottenham, N. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.204 · Cited by 268
Self-citationZeanah, C. H., & Gleason, M. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12347 · Cited by 265
The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery
Gee, D. G., & Casey, B. J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.02.001 · Cited by 245
Self-citationAdolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context
Schriber, R. A., & Guyer, A. E. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.009 · Cited by 246
Adolescent Suicide as a Failure of Acute Stress-Response Systems.
Miller, A. B., & Prinstein, M. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095625 · Cited by 235
“…data suggest that atypical presentations of these same systems have implications for understanding emotion dysregulation (Miller et al. 2017b, Tottenham et al. 2010) and a range of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Burghy et al. 2012, Chen et al. 2015, Nederhof et al. 2015,…”
BackgroundDeviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology
Humphreys, K. L., & Zeanah, C. H. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.165 · Cited by 231
Duration of early adversity and structural brain development in post-institutionalized adolescents
Hodel, A. S., Hunt, R. H., Cowell, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, S. E., Gunnar, M. R., & Thomas, K. M. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.020 · Cited by 220
Self-citationPace-Schott, E. F., Amole, M. C., Aue, T., Balconi, M., Bylsma, L. M., Critchley, H., Demaree, H. A., Friedman, B. H., Gooding, A. E. K., Gosseries, O., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002 · Cited by 221
“In the same vein, it has been shown that maltreated children have higher amygdala volume (Lupien et al., 2011; Tottenham et al., 2010).”
Psychobiological factors of resilience and depression in late life
Laird, K. T., Krause, B., Funes, C., & Lavretsky, H. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0424-7 · Cited by 229
Paquola, C., Bennett, M. R., & Lagopoulos, J. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.011 · Cited by 217
Amygdala activation in maltreated children during pre-attentive emotional processing
McCrory, E. J., De Brito, S. A., Kelly, P. A., Bird, G., Sebastian, C. L., Mechelli, A., Samuel, S., & Viding, E. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.116624 · Cited by 215
Bradley, B., Westen, D., Mercer, K. B., Binder, E. B., Jovanovic, T., Crain, D., Wingo, A., & Heim, C. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000162 · Cited by 213
Bick, J., Zhu, T., Stamoulis, C., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C., & Nelson, C. A. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3212 · Cited by 199
Humphreys, K. L., Gleason, M. M., Drury, S. S., Miron, D., Nelson, C. A., Fox, N. A., & Zeanah, C. H. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00095-4 · Cited by 199
Reduced orbitofrontal and temporal grey matter in a community sample of maltreated children
De Brito, S. A., Viding, E., Sebastian, C. L., Kelly, P. A., Mechelli, A., Maris, H., & McCrory, E. J. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02597.x · Cited by 194
Gut memories: Towards a cognitive neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome
Kennedy, P. J., Clarke, G., Quigley, E. M. M., Groeger, J. A., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.001 · Cited by 193
Wen, D. J., Poh, J. S., Ni, S. N., Chong, Y.-S., Chen, H., Kwek, K., Shek, L. P., Gluckman, P. D., Fortier, M. V., Meaney, M. J., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.74 · Cited by 186
FKBP5 and emotional neglect interact to predict individual differences in amygdala reactivity
White, M. G., Bogdan, R., Fisher, P. M., Muñoz, K. E., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2012) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00837.x · Cited by 180
Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis
Murphy, F., Nasa, A., Cullinane, D., Raajakesary, K., Gazzaz, A., Sooknarine, V., Haines, M., Roman, E., Kelly, L., O'Neill, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.748372 · Cited by 181
“Induced early life stress has been associated with amygdalar hypertrophy in primates (73), with increased volumes also found in children exposed to both neglect (74) and mild maternal disengagement (75).”
BackgroundGovindan, R. M., Behen, M. E., Helder, E., Makki, M. I., & Chugani, H. T. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp122 · Cited by 172
Bogdan, R., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060855 · Cited by 165
Resilience and the brain: a key role for regulatory circuits linked to social stress and support
Holz, N. E., Tost, H., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0551-9 · Cited by 162
Heim, C. M., Entringer, S., & Buss, C. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.011 · Cited by 158
Human amygdala development in the absence of species‐expected caregiving
Tottenham, N. (2012) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20531 · Cited by 149
Self-citationGee, D. G. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21090944 · Cited by 148
Oxytocin׳s role in anxiety: A critical appraisal
MacDonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.025 · Cited by 139
Silvers, J. A., Lumian, D. S., Gabard-Durnam, L., Gee, D. G., Goff, B., Fareri, D. S., Caldera, C., Flannery, J., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0038-16.2016 · Cited by 140
Self-citationDisorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood
Lyons-Ruth, K., Pechtel, P., Yoon, S. A., Anderson, C. M., & Teicher, M. H. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.050 · Cited by 142
Kuo, J. R., Kaloupek, D. G., & Woodward, S. H. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.73 · Cited by 136
The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood
Loman, M. M., Johnson, A. E., Westerlund, A., Pollak, S. D., Nelson, C. A., & Gunnar, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x · Cited by 132
Self-citationGenetic and environmental vulnerabilities in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Karmiloff-Smith, A., D’Souza, D., Dekker, T. M., Van Herwegen, J., Xu, F., Rodic, M., & Ansari, D. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121087109 · Cited by 131
Casey, B. J., Glatt, C. E., Tottenham, N., Soliman, F., Bath, K., Amso, D., Altemus, M., Pattwell, S., Jones, R., Levita, L., et al. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.081 · Cited by 129
Self-citationVanderwert, R. E., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.004 · Cited by 128
Kaunhoven, R. J., & Dorjee, D. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.007 · Cited by 130
Raymond, C., Marin, M.-F., Majeur, D., & Lupien, S. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.015 · Cited by 120
The potential of infant fMRI research and the study of early life stress as a promising exemplar
Graham, A. M., Pfeifer, J. H., Fisher, P. A., Lin, W., Gao, W., & Fair, D. A. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.09.005 · Cited by 114
Callaghan, B. L., Sullivan, R. M., Howell, B., & Tottenham, N. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21260 · Cited by 115
Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood
Moutsiana, C., Johnstone, T., Murray, L., Fearon, P., Cooper, P. J., Pliatsikas, C., Goodyer, I., & Halligan, S. L. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12317 · Cited by 112
Social scaffolding of human amygdala-mPFCcircuit development
Tottenham, N. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1087424 · Cited by 112
Self-citationToward understanding the impact of trauma on the early developing human brain
Thomason, M. E., & Marusak, H. A. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.022 · Cited by 101
Indiscriminate Amygdala Response to Mothers and Strangers After Early Maternal Deprivation
Olsavsky, A. K., Telzer, E. H., Shapiro, M., Humphreys, K. L., Flannery, J., Goff, B., & Tottenham, N. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.025 · Cited by 99
Self-citationTroller‐Renfree, S., McDermott, J. M., Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Fox, N. A. (2015) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12261 · Cited by 94
Wade, M., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1809145116 · Cited by 92
Suzuki, H., Luby, J. L., Botteron, K. N., Dietrich, R., McAvoy, M. P., & Barch, D. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.013 · Cited by 92
Measuring Stress in Young Children Using Hair Cortisol: The State of the Science
Bates, R., Salsberry, P., & Ford, J. (2017) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800417711583 · Cited by 88
Early secure attachment as a protective factor against later cognitive decline and dementia
Walsh, E., Blake, Y., Donati, A., Stoop, R., & von Gunten, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00161 · Cited by 84
Early deprivation alters structural brain development from middle childhood to adolescence
Sheridan, M. A., Mukerji, C. E., Wade, M., Humphreys, K. L., Garrisi, K., Goel, S., Patel, K., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., Nelson, C. A., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn4316 · Cited by 84
Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume
Holz, N. E., Buchmann, A. F., Boecker, R., Blomeyer, D., Baumeister, S., Wolf, I., Rietschel, M., Witt, S. H., Plichta, M. M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., et al. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0729-5 · Cited by 82
Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol
Kogler, L., Müller, V. I., Seidel, E.-M., Boubela, R., Kalcher, K., Moser, E., Habel, U., Gur, R. C., Eickhoff, S. B., & Derntl, B. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.064 · Cited by 78
Acosta, H., Tuulari, J. J., Scheinin, N. M., Hashempour, N., Rajasilta, O., Lavonius, T. I., Pelto, J., Saunavaara, V., Parkkola, R., Lähdesmäki, T., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00175 · Cited by 80
Wade, M., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2556 · Cited by 74
Howell, B. R., Grand, A. P., McCormack, K. M., Shi, Y., LaPrarie, J. L., Maestripieri, D., Styner, M. A., & Sanchez, M. M. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21237 · Cited by 72
Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children
Eigsti, I.-M., Weitzman, C., Schuh, J., de Marchena, A., & Casey, B. J. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000204 · Cited by 70
Self-citationRisk and developmental heterogeneity in previously institutionalized children
Tottenham, N. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.004 · Cited by 67
Self-citationKentner, A. C., Cryan, J. F., & Brummelte, S. (2019) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21775 · Cited by 64
Functional Alterations and Cerebral Variations in Humans Exposed to Early Life Stress
González-Acosta, C. A., Rojas-Cerón, C. A., & Buriticá, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.536188 · Cited by 59
Guinn, A. S., Ports, K. A., Ford, D. C., Breiding, M., & Merrick, M. T. (2019) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042927 · Cited by 57
Golm, D., Maughan, B., Barker, E. D., Hill, J., Kennedy, M., Knights, N., Kreppner, J., Kumsta, R., Schlotz, W., Rutter, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13205 · Cited by 57
Fuller-Thomson, E., Mehta, R., & Valeo, A. (2014) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2014.873510 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., Quinn, B. T., McCarry, T. W., Nurse, M., Gilhooly, T., Millner, A., Galvan, A., Davidson, M. C., Eigsti, I., Thomas, K. M., Freed, P. J., Booma, E. S., Gunnar, M. R., Altemus, M., Aronson, J., & Casey, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tottenham, Nim
- ORCID
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-12-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-61
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7687
- PMC
- PMC2817950
- OpenAlex
- W1890675559
- Cited by
- 905
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 68.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH079513, R01MH073175, R01MH091864)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- institutional upbringing, amygdala volume, emotion regulation, childhood adversity, late adoption, anxiety disorders, internalizing problems, limbic system, hippocampus, emotional development, postpartum stress, social-emotional behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adoption, Age Factors, Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Orphanages, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
