Duration of early adversity and structural brain development in post-institutionalized adolescents
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For children reared in institutions for orphaned or abandoned children, multiple aspects of the early environment deviate from species-typical experiences, which may lead to alterations in neurobehavioral development. Although the effects of early deprivation and early life stress have been studied extensively in animal models, less is known about implications for human brain development. This structural neuroimaging study examined the long-term neural correlates of early adverse rearing environments in a large sample of 12-14 year old children (N = 110) who were internationally adopted from institutional care as young children (median age at adoption = 12 months) relative to a same age, comparison group reared with their biological families in the United States. History of institutional rearing was associated with broad changes in cortical volume even after controlling for variability in head size. Results suggested that prefrontal cortex was especially susceptible to early adversity, with significant reductions in volume (driven primarily by differences in surface area rather than cortical thickness) in post-institutionalized youth. Hippocampal volumes showed an association with duration of institutional care, with later-adopted children showing the smallest volumes relative to non-adopted controls. Larger amygdala volumes were not detected in this sample of post-institutionalized children. These data suggest that this temporally discrete period of early deprivation is associated with persisting alterations in brain morphology even years after exposure. Furthermore, these alterations are not completely ameliorated by subsequent environmental enrichment by early adolescence.
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Neglect leads to reduced grey matter in cortical regions associated with cognitive control, including mediofrontal cortex.
“neglect leads to reduced grey matter in a number of cortical regions associated with cognitive control (Hodel et al., 2015) including the mediofrontal cortex (McLaughlin et al., 2014)”
From Adolescent cognitive control and mediofrontal theta oscillations are disrupted by neglect: Associations with transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology in a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Hodel et al., 2015
In humans, prior work demonstrates that neglect leads to deficits in neural structures supporting cognitive control.
“In humans, prior work demonstrates that neglect leads to deficits in neural structures supporting cognitive control (MRI; Hodel et al., 2015; McLaughlin et al., 2014)”
From Adolescent cognitive control and mediofrontal theta oscillations are disrupted by neglect: Associations with transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology in a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Hodel et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Hodel, A. S., Hunt, R. H., Cowell, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, S. E., Gunnar, M. R., & Thomas, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hodel, Amanda S.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 105
- Pages
- 112-119
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4262668
- OpenAlex
- W1982357879
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 34.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH Center (P50-MH079513)
- University of Minnesota's Center for Cognitive Sciences (T32-HD007151)
- University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowships
- University of Minnesota's Center for Neurobehavioral Development (T32-MH73129)
- College of Liberal Arts and the Minnesota Medical Foundation
- University of Minnesota's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P41-RR008079, P41-EB015894, P30-NS076408)
- Supercomputing Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- institutional upbringing, childhood adversity, early life stress, early deprivation, international adoption, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cortical volume, brain structure, orphaned and abandoned children, neurobehavioral development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stress, Psychological, Orphanages, Child, Orphaned
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