Parenchymal and vascular Aβ‐deposition and its effects on the degeneration of neurons and cognition in Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Introduction The deposition of Aβ Neurotoxicity of Aβ Contribution of CAA to the degeneration of neurons Clinical impact of Aβ and its therapeutic possibilities Conclusions The deposition of the amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ‐deposits show the morphology of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Senile plaques and vascular Aβ‐deposits occur first in neocorti‐cal areas. Then, they expand hierarchically into further brain regions. The distribution of Aβ plaques throughout the entire brain, thereby correlates with the clinical status of the patients. Imaging techniques for Aβ make use of the hierarchical distribution of Aβ to distinguish AD patients from non‐AD patients. However, pathology seen in AD patients represents a late stage of a pathological process starting 10–30 years earlier in cognitively normal individuals. In addition to the fibrillar amyloid of senile plaques, oligomeric and monomeric Aβ is found in the brain. Recent studies revealed that oligomeric Aβ is presumably the most toxic Aβ‐aggregate, which interacts with glutamatergic synapses. In doing so, dendrites are presumed to be the primary target for Aβ‐toxicity. In addition, vascular Aβ‐deposits can lead to capillary occlusion and blood flow disturbances presumably contributing to the alteration of neurons in addition to the direct neurotoxic effects of Aβ. All these findings point to an important role of Aβ and its aggregates in the neurodegenerative process of AD. Since there is already significant neuron loss in AD patients, treatment strategies aimed at reducing the amyloid load will presumably not cure the symptoms of dementia but they may stop disease progression. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to protect the brain from Aβ‐toxicity already in stages of the disease with minor neuron loss before the onset of cognitive symptoms.
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More than 40 CPC studies have assessed the correlation between AβPs and severity of antemortem cognitive impairment.
“More than 40 CPC studies have assessed the correlation between AβPs and severity of antemortem cognitive impairment (38, 98, 103, 105-108, 158, 162, 171, 185, 189, 191, 223-260).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [103]
The particular toxic substance(s) within NPs still have not been completely characterized.
“The particular toxic substance(s) within NPs still have not been completely characterized (90, 103, 278), but NPs represent a nidus in which extracellular plaque substance(s) seem to induce intracellular degenerative changes with tau pathology (18, 50, 279-281).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [103]
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Review: sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy
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Vascular pathology in the aged human brain
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Self-citationAPOE4-specific Changes in Aβ Accumulation in a New Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
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“Although the total plaque burden does not correlate with the degree of dementia or neurodegenerative pathology in humans (52), plaque staging has identified particular plaque morphologies that likely contribute to neurotoxicity more than others (15, 16).”
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Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer’s disease: From discovery to clinical relevance
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Imaging of cerebrovascular pathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease
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Introducing Human <i>APOE</i> into A<i>β</i> Transgenic Mouse Models
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- Authors
- Thal, D. R., Griffin, W. S. T., & Braak, H.
- Affiliations
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- University of Arkansas Medical Center (US)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Thal, Dietmar Rudolf
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5b
- Pages
- 1848-1862
- ISSN
- 1582-1838 (ISSN-L)
- 1582-4934
- PMC
- PMC4506155
- OpenAlex
- W1985063020
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- National Institute on Aging (AG 12411, P01AG012411)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vascular amyloid deposits, amyloid-beta oligomers, neurodegeneration, glutamatergic synapses, capillary occlusion, blood flow disturbance, cognitive impairment, amyloid imaging, disease progression
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Blood Vessels, Cognition, Dendrites, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Plaque, Amyloid
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