Steroids, stress and the gut microbiome-brain axis
Open accessAbstract
It is becoming well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on human health and disease. In this review, we explore how steroids can influence the gut microbiota and, in turn, how the gut microbiota can influence hormone levels. Within the context of the gut microbiome-brain axis, we discuss how perturbations in the gut microbiota can alter the stress axis and behaviour. In addition, human studies on the possible role of gut microbiota in depression and anxiety are examined. Finally, we present some of the challenges and important questions that need to be addressed by future research in this exciting new area at the intersection of steroids, stress, gut-brain axis and human health.
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The brain can affect intestinal function and the GM, for example, by HPA axis-mediated glucocorticoid modification of immunity in response to stress.
“Conversely, the brain can affect intestinal function and the GM, for example, by HPA axis-mediated glucocorticoid modification of immunity in response to stress (29).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Cortisol receptors are expressed on various cells of the gut, including epithelial cells, immune cells, and enteroendocrine cells, indicating a direct effect of cortisol on gut function.
“Cortisol receptors are expressed on various cells of the gut, including epithelial cells, immune cells, and enteroendocrine cells, indicating a direct effect of cortisol on gut function (21, 29, 48).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
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Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota
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Neonatal Stress, Health, and Development in Preterms: A Systematic Review
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The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer
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Estrous cycle and ovariectomy-induced changes in visceral pain are microbiota-dependent
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Self-citationMicrobiome Assisted Tumor Microenvironment: Emerging Target of Breast Cancer
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Self-citationThe gut microbiota: emerging biomarkers and potential treatments for infertility-related diseases
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Ghrelin as a prominent endocrine factor in stress-induced obesity
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- Authors
- Tetel, M. J., de Vries, G. J., Melcangi, R. C., Panzica, G., & O'Mahony, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Wellesley College (US)
- Neuroscience Institute Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
- University of Milan (IT)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (IT)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
- Corresponding author
- Tetel, M. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- PMC
- PMC6314837
- OpenAlex
- W2762815147
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH108345)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK061935)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, steroids, stress, corticosteroids, depression, anxiety, stress axis, behavior
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Humans, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Stress, Psychological
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