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Distributed Representations in Memory: Insights from Functional Brain Imaging
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Forging new memories for facts and events, holding critical details in mind on a moment-to-moment basis, and retrieving knowledge in the service of current goals all depend on a complex interplay between neural ensembles throughout the brain. Over the past decade, researchers have increasingly utilized powerful analytical tools (e.g., multivoxel pattern analysis) to decode the information represented within distributed functional magnetic resonance imaging activity patterns. In this review, we discuss how these methods can sensitively index neural representations of perceptual and semantic content and how leverage on the engagement of distributed representations provides unique insights into distinct aspects of memory-guided behavior. We emphasize that, in addition to characterizing the contents of memories, analyses of distributed patterns shed light on the processes that influence how information is encoded, maintained, or retrieved, and thus inform memory theory. We conclude by highlighting open questions about memory that can be addressed through distributed pattern analyses.
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“So-called subsequent memory paradigms [141] have yielded several markers that predicted the later voluntary recollection of information [142], or the involuntary retrieval of experimental trauma [143–145].”
From Multiple memory systems, multiple time points: How science can inform treatment to control the expression of unwanted emotional memories (2018) · cites this paper as [142]
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“Most studies currently use high-resolution fMRI combined with advanced analyses (Rissman and Wagner, 2012), as well as data from intracranial electrophysiology in human patients (Suthana and Fried, 2012).”
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“This ability to track multivoxel representations of specific items [18], in particular, holds great promise for studying the formation and evolution of representations in memory [19, 20].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rissman, J., & Wagner, A. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01-10
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-128
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4533899
- OpenAlex
- W2141815738
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 179
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh080309-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH080309, 5R01MH080309, R01MH076932)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F32NS059195)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- distributed representations, memory, neuronal ensembles, multi-voxel pattern analysis, memory-guided behavior, memory encoding, memory retrieval, perceptual content, semantic content, memory theory, functional MRI
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Functional Neuroimaging, Memory, Episodic
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