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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Astrocyte Control of Synaptic Transmission and Neurovascular Coupling

Haydon, Philip G., Carmignoto, Giorgio·2006·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

From a structural perspective, the predominant glial cell of the central nervous system, the astrocyte, is positioned to regulate synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling: the processes of one astrocyte contact tens of thousands of synapses, while other processes of the same cell form endfeet on capillaries and arterioles. The application of subcellular imaging of Ca 2+ signaling to astrocytes now provides functional data to support this structural notion. Astrocytes express receptors for many neurotransmitters, and their activation leads to oscillations in internal Ca 2+. These oscillations induce the accumulation of arachidonic acid and the release of the chemical transmitters glutamate, d-serine, and ATP. Ca 2+ oscillations in astrocytic endfeet can control cerebral microcirculation through the arachidonic acid metabolites prostaglandin E 2 and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids that induce arteriole dilation, and 20-HETE that induces arteriole constriction. In addition to actions on the vasculature, the release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes regulates neuronal function. Astrocyte-derived glutamate, which preferentially acts on extrasynaptic receptors, can promote neuronal synchrony, enhance neuronal excitability, and modulate synaptic transmission. Astrocyte-derived d-serine, by acting on the glycine-binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, can modulate synaptic plasticity. Astrocyte-derived ATP, which is hydrolyzed to adenosine in the extracellular space, has inhibitory actions and mediates synaptic cross-talk underlying heterosynaptic depression. Now that we appreciate this range of actions of astrocytic signaling, some of the immediate challenges are to determine how the astrocyte regulates neuronal integration and how both excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory signals (adenosine) provided by the same glial cell act in concert to regulate neuronal function.

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.00049.2005

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Metadata

Authors
Haydon, P. G., & Carmignoto, G.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2006-07
Volume
86
Issue
3
Pages
1009-1031
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2095931805
Cited by
1,323
References
19
FWCI
5.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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