The DOI matches its Crossref record; 464 of the 464 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Controls of Hair Follicle Cycling
Abstract
Nearly 50 years ago, Chase published a review of hair cycling in which he detailed hair growth in the mouse and integrated hair biology with the biology of his day. In this review we have used Chase as our model and tried to put the adult hair follicle growth cycle in perspective. We have tried to sketch the adult hair follicle cycle, as we know it today and what needs to be known. Above all, we hope that this work will serve as an introduction to basic biologists who are looking for a defined biological system that illustrates many of the challenges of modern biology: cell differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, stem cell biology, pattern formation, apoptosis, cell and organ growth cycles, and pigmentation. The most important theme in studying the cycling hair follicle is that the follicle is a regenerating system. By traversing the phases of the cycle (growth, regression, resting, shedding, then growth again), the follicle demonstrates the unusual ability to completely regenerate itself. The basis for this regeneration rests in the unique follicular epithelial and mesenchymal components and their interactions. Recently, some of the molecular signals making up these interactions have been defined. They involve gene families also found in other regenerating systems such as fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog, neurotrophins, and homeobox. For the immediate future, our challenge is to define the molecular basis for hair follicle growth control, to regenerate a mature hair follicle in vitro from defined populations, and to offer real solutions to our patients' problems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.
Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y., & Ben-Sasson, S. A. (1992) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.493 · Cited by 9,444
Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis
Hanahan, D., & Folkman, J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80108-7 · Cited by 6,885
The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival
Adams, J. M., & Cory, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1322 · Cited by 5,332
Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation
Wyllie, A. H. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/284555a0 · Cited by 4,504
Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-3876 · Cited by 4,110
Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death.
Majno, G., & Joris, I. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 3,306
A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during apoptosis, and its inhibitor ICAD
Enari, M., Sakahira, H., Yokoyama, H., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., & Nagata, S. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/34112 · Cited by 3,189
Inflammation. Basic principles and clinical correlates
(1989) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/0753-3322(89)90156-x · Cited by 2,393
Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.-T., & Lavker, R. M. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90696-c · Cited by 2,276
A Serum Shock Induces Circadian Gene Expression in Mammalian Tissue Culture Cells
Balsalobre, A., Damiola, F., & Schibler, U. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81199-x · Cited by 2,001
THE MITOCHONDRIAL DEATH/LIFE REGULATOR IN APOPTOSIS AND NECROSIS
Kroemer, G., Dallaporta, B., & Resche-Rigon, M. (1998) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.619 · Cited by 1,963
Human Homolog of patched , a Candidate Gene for the Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Johnson, R. L., Rothman, A. L., Xie, J., Goodrich, L. V., Bare, J. W., Bonifas, J. M., Quinn, A. G., Myers, R. M., Cox, D. R., Epstein, E. H., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5268.1668 · Cited by 1,857
A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Schochet, S. S., McCermick, W. F., & F, G. F. (1976) · Cited by 1,642
Veis, D. J., Sorenson, C. M., Shutter, J. R., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)80065-m · Cited by 1,628
A Matter of Life and Cell Death
Evan, G., & Littlewood, T. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1317 · Cited by 1,523
Paus, R., & Cotsarelis, G. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908123410706 · Cited by 1,427
Self-citationMüller-Röver, S., Foitzik, K., Paus, R., Handjiski, B., van der Veen, C., Eichmüller, S., McKay, I. A., & Stenn, K. S. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01377.x · Cited by 1,375
Self-citationBitgood, M. J., & McMahon, A. P. (1995) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1995.0010 · Cited by 1,370
Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis.
White, E. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.1.1 · Cited by 1,311
Artavanis-Tsakonas, S., Matsuno, K., & Fortini, M. E. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7716513 · Cited by 1,303
Green, D. R., & Evan, G. I. (2002) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(02)00024-7 · Cited by 1,254
Cryns, V., & Yuan, J. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.11.1551 · Cited by 1,228
De Novo Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Hair Tumors in Mice Expressing a Truncated β-Catenin in Skin
Gat, U., DasGupta, R., Degenstein, L., & Fuchs, E. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81631-1 · Cited by 1,089
Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor
Miettinen, P. J., Berger, J. E., Meneses, J., Phung, Y., Pedersen, R. A., Werb, Z., & Derynck, R. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376337a0 · Cited by 1,039
The triple origin of skull in higher vertebrates: a study in quail-chick chimeras
Couly, G. F., Coltey, P. M., & Douarin, N. M. L. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.117.2.409 · Cited by 1,023
Wolpert, L., Tickle, C., Arias, A. M., Lawrence, P., & Locke, J. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/hesc/9780198800569.001.0001 · Cited by 991
van Genderen, C., Okamura, R. M., Fariñas, I., Quo, R. G., Parslow, T. G., Bruhn, L., & Grosschedl, R. (1994) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.8.22.2691 · Cited by 965
Li, Y. C., Pirro, A. E., Amling, M., Delling, G., Baron, R., Bronson, R., & Demay, M. B. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9831 · Cited by 957
The secret life of the hair follicle
Hardy, M. H. (1992) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(92)90350-d · Cited by 927
The Structure and Function of Skin
(2002) · Dermatological and Transdermal Formulations · doi:10.1201/9780824743239-4 · Cited by 922
Le Roith, D. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199702273360907 · Cited by 897
Stem cell patterning and fate in human epidermis
Jones, P. H., Harper, S., & Watt, F. M. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90453-0 · Cited by 785
The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas
Gailani, M. R., Ståhle-Bäckdahl, M., Leffell, D. J., Glyn, M., Zaphiropoulos, P. G., Undén, A. B., Dean, M., Brash, D. E., Bale, A. E., & Toftgård, R. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0996-78 · Cited by 767
Sonic hedgehog signaling is essential for hair development
St-Jacques, B., Dassule, H. R., Karavanova, I., Botchkarev, V. A., Li, J., Danielian, P. S., McMahon, J. A., Lewis, P. M., Paus, R., & McMahon, A. P. (1998) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70443-9 · Cited by 765
Self-citationRotation-mediated histogenetic aggregation of dissociated cells
Moscona, A. (1961) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90122-7 · Cited by 751
Induction of cell death by endogenous nerve growth factor through its p75 receptor
María Frade, J., Rodríguez-Tébar, A., & Barde, Y.-A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383166a0 · Cited by 743
Bcl-2 Gene Family and the Regulation of Programmed Cell Death
Yin, X.-M., Oltvai, Z. N., Veis-Novack, D. J., Linette, G. P., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1994) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1994.059.01.043 · Cited by 723
Basal Cell Carcinomas in Mice Overexpressing Sonic Hedgehog
Oro, A. E., Higgins, K. M., Hu, Z., Bonifas, J. M., Epstein, E. H., & Scott, M. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5313.817 · Cited by 710
TGFα deficiency results in hair follicle and eye abnormalities in targeted and waved-1 mice
Luetteke, N. C., Qiu, T. H., Peiffer, R. L., Oliver, P., Smithies, O., & Lee, D. C. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90228-i · Cited by 659
Jones, C. M., Lyons, K. M., & Hogan, B. L. M. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.111.2.531 · Cited by 650
New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations
Nehls, M., Pfeifer, D., Schorpp, M., Hedrich, H., & Boehm, T. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372103a0 · Cited by 644
The Insulin-Like Growth Factors
Cohick, W. S., & Clemmons, D. R. (1993) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.55.030193.001023 · Cited by 638
Induction of hair growth by implantation of cultured dermal papilla cells
Jahoda, C. A. B., Horne, K. A., & Oliver, R. F. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/311560a0 · Cited by 636
Yeh, S., & Chang, C. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5517 · Cited by 623
Lyons, K. M., Pelton, R. W., & Hogan, B. L. M. (1990) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.109.4.833 · Cited by 614
A common human skin tumour is caused by activating mutations in β-catenin
Chan, E., Gat, U., McNiff, J. M., & Fuchs, E. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/7747 · Cited by 612
Matrix metalloproteinases in skin
Kähäri, V., & Saarialho‐Kere, U. (1997) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00164.x · Cited by 607
FGF5 as a regulator of the hair growth cycle: Evidence from targeted and spontaneous mutations
Hébert, J. M., Rosenquist, T., Götz, J., & Martin, G. R. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90276-3 · Cited by 589
Mann, G. B., Fowler, K. J., Gabriel, A., Nice, E. C., Williams, R. L., & Dunn, A. R. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90227-h · Cited by 583
van der Veen, C., Handjiski, B., Paus, R., Müller-Röver, S., Maurer, M., Eichmüller, S., Ling, G., Hofmann, U., Foitzik, K., & Mecklenburg, L. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00740.x · Cited by 553
Self-citationChase, H. B. (1954) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1954.34.1.113 · Cited by 549
Lyle, S., Christofidou-Solomidou, M., Liu, Y., Elder, D. E., Albelda, S., & Cotsarelis, G. (1998) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.111.21.3179 · Cited by 539
Keratinocyte growth factor is required for hair development but not for wound healing.
Guo, L., Degenstein, L., & Fuchs, E. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.2.165 · Cited by 536
Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis
Rochat, A., Kobayashi, K., & Barrandon, Y. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90383-2 · Cited by 531
AUTOGRAFTS IN ALOPECIAS AND OTHER SELECTED DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Orentreich, N. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb40920.x · Cited by 507
Sawaya, M. E., & Price, V. H. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12335779 · Cited by 505
Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 directs hair follicle patterning and epithelial cell fate.
Zhou, P., Byrne, C., Jacobs, J., & Fuchs, E. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.6.700 · Cited by 474
Li, A., Simmons, P. J., & Kaur, P. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3902 · Cited by 469
Male hormone stimulation is prerequisite and an incitant in common baldness
Hamilton, J. B. (1942) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1000710306 · Cited by 467
SMADs: mediators and regulators of TGF-β signaling
Kretzschmar, M., & Massagué, J. (1998) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80069-5 · Cited by 467
The coat of the mouse (Mus musculus)
Dry, F. W. (1926) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02983004 · Cited by 440
Thesleff, I., Vaahtokari, A., & Partanen, A. M. (1995) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.7626420 · Cited by 432
Kratochwil, K., Dull, M., Farinas, I., Galceran, J., & Grosschedl, R. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.11.1382 · Cited by 425
Noggin is a mesenchymally derived stimulator of hair-follicle induction
Botchkarev, V. A., Botchkareva, N. V., Roth, W., Nakamura, M., Chen, L.-H., Herzog, W., Lindner, G., McMahon, J. A., Peters, C., Lauster, R., et al. (1999) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/11078 · Cited by 414
Self-citationAlopecia Universalis Associated with a Mutation in the Human hairless Gene
Ahmad, W., Faiyaz ul Haque, M., Brancolini, V., Tsou, H. C., ul Haque, S., Lam, H., Aita, V. M., Owen, J., deBlaquiere, M., Frank, J., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5351.720 · Cited by 409
Bcl-2 and Bax function independently to regulate cell death
Knudson, C. M., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0897-358 · Cited by 394
Developmental expression of two murine fibroblast growth factor receptors, fig and bek
Orr-Urtreger, A., Givol, D., Yayon, A., Yarden, Y., & Lonai, P. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.113.4.1419 · Cited by 393
Philpott, M. P., Green, M. R., & Kealey, T. (1990) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.97.3.463 · Cited by 390
Pathologic Dynamics of Human Hair Loss: I. Telogen Effluvium
KLIGMAN, A. M. (1961) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1961.01580080005001 · Cited by 381
The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege
Christoph, T., Müller-Röver, S., Audring, H., Tobin, D. J., Hermes, B., Cotsarelis, G., Rückert, R., & Paus, R. (2000) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03464.x · Cited by 360
Self-citationAnalysis of apoptosis during hair follicle regression (catagen)
Lindner, G., Botchkarev, V. A., Botchkareva, N. V., Ling, G., van der Veen, C., & Paus, R. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 357
Self-citationKligman, A. M. (1959) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.1959.156 · Cited by 351
Osumi-Yamashita, N., Ninomiya, Y., Eto, K., & Doi, H. (1994) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1211 · Cited by 349
THE MANY ROLES OF c-Myc IN APOPTOSIS
Thompson, E. B. (1998) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.575 · Cited by 328
Choudhry, R., Hodgins, M. B., Van der Kwast, T. H., Brinkmann, A. O., & Boersma, W. J. A. (1992) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1330467 · Cited by 319
Expression of bcl-2 in fetal tissues suggests a role in morphogenesis.
LeBrun, D. P., Warnke, R. A., & Cleary, M. L. (1993) · PubMed Central · Cited by 316
Roth, W., Deussing, J., Botchkarev, V. A., Pauly-Evers, M., Saftig, P., Hafner, A., Schmidt, P., Schmahl, W., Scherer, J., Anton-Lamprecht, I., et al. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.99-0970com · Cited by 311
Self-citationAszterbaum, M., Rothman, A., Fisher, M., Xie, J., Bonifas, J. M., Zhang, X., Epstein, E. H., Johnson, R. L., & Scott, M. P. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00222.x · Cited by 306
Philpott, M. P., Sanders, D. A., & Kealey, T. (1994) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12382494 · Cited by 300
Kimura, N., Mizokami, A., Oonuma, T., Sasano, H., & Nagura, H. (1993) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/41.5.8468448 · Cited by 298
WNT Signaling in the Control of Hair Growth and Structure
Millar, S. E., Willert, K., Salinas, P. C., Roelink, H., Nusse, R., Sussman, D. J., & Barsh, G. S. (1999) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9140 · Cited by 295
Lachgar, Charveron, Gall, & Bonafe (1998) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02115.x · Cited by 293
Differential expression of TGF β 1, β 2 and β 3 genes during mouse embryogenesis
Schmid, P., Cox, D., Bilbe, G., Maier, R., & Mcmaster, G. K. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.111.1.117 · Cited by 290
Slominski, A., & Paus, R. (1993) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0022-202x(93)90507-e · Cited by 289
Self-citationTHE LIN-12/Notch SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ITS REGULATION
Kimble, J., & Simpson, P. (1997) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.333 · Cited by 289
Cell Death by Apoptosis in Epidermal Biology
Haake, A. R., & Polakowska, R. R. (1993) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12363594 · Cited by 288
Telogen Effluvium: New Concepts and Review
Headington, J. T. (1993) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1993.01680240096017 · Cited by 279
The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins
Langbein, L., Rogers, M. A., Winter, H., Praetzel, S., Beckhaus, U., Rackwitz, H.-R., & Schweizer, J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19874 · Cited by 277
Exposing the human nude phenotype
Frank, J., Pignata, C., Panteleyev, A. A., Prowse, D. M., Baden, H., Weiner, L., Gaetaniello, L., Ahmad, W., Pozzi, N., Cserhalmi-Friedman, P. B., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18997 · Cited by 272
Active cell death in hormone-dependent tissues
Tenniswood, M. P., Guenette, R. S., Lakins, J., Mooibroek, M., Wong, P., & Welsh, J. E. (1992) · Cancer and Metastasis Review · doi:10.1007/bf00048064 · Cited by 261
Active Hair Growth (Anagen) is Associated with Angiogenesis
Mecklenburg, L., Tobin, D. J., Müller-Röver, S., Handjiski, B., Wendt, G., Peters, E. M. J., Pohl, S., Moll, I., & Paus, R. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00954.x · Cited by 260
Self-citationGilhar, A., Ullmann, Y., Berkutzki, T., Assy, B., & Kalish, R. S. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci551 · Cited by 255
Critical Stages of Hair Development and Pigmentation in the Mouse
Chase, H. B., Rauch, H., & Smith, V. W. (1951) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.24.1.30152098 · Cited by 254
Sato, N., Leopold, P. L., & Crystal, R. G. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7691 · Cited by 253
Elliott, K., Messenger, A. G., & Stephenson, T. J. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00797.x · Cited by 251
Apoptosis in human skin development: Morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells
Polakowska, R. R., Piacentini, M., Bartlett, R., Goldsmith, L. A., & Haake, A. R. (1994) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/aja.1001990303 · Cited by 250
Murillas, R., Larcher, F., Conti, C. J., Santos, M., Ullrich, A., & Jorcano, J. L. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00206.x · Cited by 249
Scd1 is expressed in sebaceous glands and is disrupted in the asebia mouse
Zheng, Y., Eilertsen, K. J., Ge, L., Zhang, L., Sundberg, J. P., Prouty, S. M., Stenn, K. S., & Parimoo, S. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/15446 · Cited by 249
Self-citationTrans-gender induction of hair follicles
Reynolds, A. J., Lawrence, C., Cserhalmi-Friedman, P. B., Christiano, A. M., & Jahoda, C. A. B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46938 · Cited by 249
Morris, R. J., & Potten, C. S. (1999) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00537.x · Cited by 249
VII.—The Anatomy of Follicles Producing Wool-Fibres, with special reference to Keratinization
Auber, L. (1952) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s0080456800009285 · Cited by 249
Expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis
Schmid, P., Lorenz, A., Hameister, H., & Montenarh, M. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.113.3.857 · Cited by 246
Topobiology: An Introduction To Molecular Embryology
Edelman, G. M. (1988) · Cited by 245
Hoxc13 mutant mice lack external hair
Godwin, A. R., & Capecchi, M. R. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.1.11 · Cited by 244
Seasonal changes in human hair growth
RANDALL, V. A., & EBLING, F. J. G. (1991) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00423.x · Cited by 243
Biological Functions of Keratinocyte Cholinergic Receptors
Grando, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1038/jidsymp.1997.10 · Cited by 242
Orr-Urtreger, A., & Lonai, P. (1992) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.115.4.1045 · Cited by 240
The culture of dermal papilla cells from human hair follicles
MESSENGER, A. G. (1984) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04705.x · Cited by 235
Saitoh, M., Uzuka, M., & Sakamoto, M. (1970) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12551679 · Cited by 235
Telogen skin contains an inhibitor of hair growth
PAUS, R., STENN, K. S., & LINK, R. E. (1990) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb06266.x · Cited by 235
Self-citationCharacterization of a new tissue-engineered human skin equivalent with hair
Michel, M., L’Heureux, N., Pouliot, R., Xu, W., Auger, F. A., & Germain, L. (1999) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/s11626-999-0081-x · Cited by 232
Digit tip regeneration correlates with regions of Msx1 (Hox 7) expression in fetal and newborn mice
Reginelli, A. D., Wang, Y.-Q., Sassoon, D., & Muneoka, K. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.4.1065 · Cited by 230
van Scott, E. J., & Ekel, T. M. (1958) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.1958.121 · Cited by 228
Roles for PDGF-A and sonic hedgehog in development of mesenchymal components of the hair follicle
Karlsson, L., Bondjers, C., & Betsholtz, C. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.12.2611 · Cited by 228
The role of keratin proteins and their genes in the growth, structure and properties of hair
Powell, B. C., & Rogers, G. E. (1997) · Formation and Structure of Human Hair · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9223-0_3 · Cited by 227
Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in male pattern alopecia: implications for pathogenesis
JAWORSKY, C., KLIGMAN, A. M., & MURPHY, G. F. (1992) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00121.x · Cited by 225
Reynolds, A. J., & Jahoda, C. A. B. (1992) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.115.2.587 · Cited by 225
Weinberg, W. C., Goodman, L. V., George, C., Morgan, D. L., Ledbetter, S., Yuspa, S. H., & Lichti, U. (1993) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12468971 · Cited by 224
Whisker growth after removal of the dermal papilla and lengths of follicle in the hooded rat
Oliver, R. F. (1966) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.15.3.331 · Cited by 223
Kishimoto, J., Ehama, R., Wu, L., Jiang, S., Jiang, N., & Burgeson, R. E. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7336 · Cited by 220
Danilenko, D. M., Ring, B. D., Yanagihara, D. L., Benson, W., Wiemann, B., Starnes, C. O., & Pierce, G. F. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 218
Regulation of keratinocyte growth factor gene expression by interleukin 1.
Chedid, M., Rubin, J. S., Csaky, K. G., & Aaronson, S. A. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34123-6 · Cited by 218
COURTOIS, M., LOUSSOUARN, G., HOURSEAU, C., & GROLLIER, J. F. (1995) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08630.x · Cited by 211
Hansen, L. A., Alexander, N., Hogan, M. E., Sundberg, J. P., Dlugosz, A., Threadgill, D. W., Magnuson, T., & Yuspa, S. H. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 209
Slowly cycling (label‐retaining) epidermal cells behave like clonogenic stem cells in vitro
Morris, R. J., & Potten, C. S. (1994) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2184.1994.tb01425.x · Cited by 207
Segregation of keratinocyte colony-forming cells in the bulge of the rat vibrissa.
Kobayashi, K., Rochat, A., & Barrandon, Y. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.15.7391 · Cited by 207
The experimental induction of whisker growth in the hooded rat by implantation of dermal papillae
Oliver, R. F. (1967) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.18.1.43 · Cited by 206
Wysolmerski, J. J., Broadus, A. E., Zhou, J., Fuchs, E., Milstone, L. M., & Philbrick, W. M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.1133 · Cited by 206
Hirai, Y., Nose, A., Kobayashi, S., & Takeichi, M. (1989) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.105.2.271 · Cited by 204
Paus, R., Slominski, A. T., & Czarnetzki, B. M. (1993) · PubMed Central · Cited by 202
Self-citationThe feasibility of targeted selective gene therapy of the hair follicle
Li, L., & Hoffman, R. M. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0795-705 · Cited by 201
Lane, T. F., Deng, C., Elson, A., Lyu, M. S., Kozak, C. A., & Leder, P. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.21.2712 · Cited by 197
Changes in the skin in relation to the hair growth cycle
Chase, H. B., Montagna, W., & Malone, J. D. (1953) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1091160107 · Cited by 193
Groves, R. W., Mizutani, H., Kieffer, J. D., & Kupper, T. S. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11874 · Cited by 192
The induction of hair follicle formation in the adult hooded rat by vibrissa dermal papillae
Oliver, R. F. (1970) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.23.1.219 · Cited by 192
ANDROGEN METABOLISM AS IT AFFECTS HAIR GROWTH IN ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA
Kaufman, K. D. (1996) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70396-x · Cited by 187
The Role of IGF-I in Human Skin and its Appendages: Morphogen as Well as Mitogen?
Rudman, S. M., Philpott, M. P., Thomas, G. A., & Kealey, T. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12340934 · Cited by 185
Alkaline phosphatase activity and localization during the murine hair cycle
HANDJISKI, B. K., EICHMULLER, S., HOFMANN, U., CZARNETZKI, B. M., & PAUS, R. (1994) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08515.x · Cited by 185
Self-citationOh, H. S., & Smart, R. C. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.22.12525 · Cited by 185
Asebia-2J (Scd1ab2J): A New Allele and a Model for Scarring Alopecia
Sundberg, J. P., Boggess, D., Sundberg, B. A., Eilertsen, K., Parimoo, S., Filippi, M., & Stenn, K. (2000) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65078-x · Cited by 184
Self-citationItami, S., Kurata, S., & Takayasu, S. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2067 · Cited by 183
Immunization via hair follicles by topical application of naked DNA to normal skin
Fan, H., Lin, Q., Morrissey, G. R., & Khavari, P. A. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/12856 · Cited by 182
Stimulation of all epithelial elements during skin regeneration by keratinocyte growth factor.
Pierce, G. F., Yanagihara, D., Klopchin, K., Danilenko, D. M., Hsu, E., Kenney, W. C., & Morris, C. F. (1994) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.179.3.831 · Cited by 182
Lipoprotein receptors: new roles for ancient proteins
Willnow, T. E., Nykjaer, A., & Herz, J. (1999) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/14109 · Cited by 181
Structure and expression of the hairless gene of mice.
Cachon-Gonzalez, M. B., Fenner, S., Coffin, J. M., Moran, C., Best, S., & Stoye, J. P. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7717 · Cited by 179
The growth of vibrissa dermal papilla cells in vitro
JAHODA, C., & OLIVER, R. F. (1981) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00971.x · Cited by 177
"Sebaceous Cysts" are Trichilemmal Cysts
Pinkus, H. (1969) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1969.01610230036008 · Cited by 176
Telomerase Activity Concentrates in the Mitotically Active Segments of Human Hair Follicles
Ramirez, R. D., Wright, W. E., Shay, J. W., & Taylor, R. S. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12285654 · Cited by 174
Gossler, A., & de Angelis, M. H. (1997) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60248-3 · Cited by 172
Melanogenesis During the Anagen-Catagen-Telogen Transformation of the Murine Hair Cycle
Slominski, A., Paus, R., Plonka, P., Chakraborty, A., Maurer, M., Pruski, D., & Lukiewicz, S. (1994) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12382606 · Cited by 171
Self-citationThe TGF-β2 Isoform Is Both a Required and Sufficient Inducer of Murine Hair Follicle Morphogenesis
Foitzik, K., Paus, R., Doetschman, T., & Paolo Dotto, G. (1999) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9325 · Cited by 170
Self-citationTransgenic mice as a model to study the role of TGF-beta-related molecules in hair follicles.
Blessing, M., Nanney, L. B., King, L. E., Jones, C. M., & Hogan, B. L. (1993) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.7.2.204 · Cited by 169
Paus, R., Handjiski, B., Eichmüller, S. B., & Czarnetzki, B. M. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 168
Self-citationAndrogens and human hair growth
Randall, V. A. (1994) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02483.x · Cited by 168
Epithelial stem cells in the skin: definition, markers, localization and functions
Cotsarelis, G., Kaur, P., Dhouailly, D., Hengge, U., & Bickenbach, J. (1999) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00351.x · Cited by 165
Arey, L. B. (1936) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1936.16.3.327 · Cited by 165
The Role of the Hairless (hr) Gene in the. Regulation of Hair Follicle Catagen Transformation
Panteleyev, A. A., Botchkareva, N. V., Sundberg, J. P., Christiano, A. M., & Paus, R. (1999) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65110-3 · Cited by 164
Self-citationApoptosis. Its nature and implications for dermatopathology.
Weedon, D. D., Searle, J. W., & Kerr, J. F. R. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 160
Interactions of the Skin and Nervous System
Ansel, J. C., Armstrong, C. A., Song, I., Quinlan, K. L., Olerud, J. E., Caughman, S. W., & Bunnett, N. W. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1038/jidsymp.1997.6 · Cited by 158
Desmoglein 3 anchors telogen hair in the follicle
Koch, P. J., Mahoney, M. G., Cotsarelis, G., Rothenberger, K., Lavker, R. M., & Stanley, J. R. (1998) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.111.17.2529 · Cited by 156
Melanocytes as "Sensory" and Regulatory Cells in the Epidermis
Slominski, A. T., Paus, R., & Schadendorf, D. (1993) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1006/jtbi.1993.1142 · Cited by 156
Self-citationMouse notch: expression in hair follicles correlates with cell fate determination.
Kopan, R., & Weintraub, H. M. (1993) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.121.3.631 · Cited by 154
Transgenic Mice Expressing IFN-γ in the Epidermis Have Eczema, Hair Hypopigmentation, and Hair Loss
Carroll, J. M., Crornpton, T., Seery, J. P., & Watt, F. M. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12289702 · Cited by 154
Oro, A. E., & Scott, M. P. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81624-4 · Cited by 153
Limbs: a model for pattern formation within the vertebrate body plan
Cohn, M. J., & Tickle, C. A. (1996) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(96)10030-5 · Cited by 153
Stenn, K. S., Combates, N. J., Eilertsen, K. J., Gordon, J. S., Pardinas, J. R., Parimoo, S., & Prouty, S. M. (1996) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70383-1 · Cited by 152
Self-citationThe influence of the hair cycle on the thickness of mouse skin
Hansen, L. S., Coggle, J. E., Wells, J., & Charles, M. W. (1984) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1092100404 · Cited by 150
Cheng, J. X., Turksen, K., Yu, Q., Schreiber, H. W., Teng, M. N., & Fuchs, E. V. (1992) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.6.8.1444 · Cited by 148
Pontén, F., Berne, B., Ren, Z.-P., Nistér, M., & Pontén, J. (1995) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12321071 · Cited by 147
Cutaneous Expression of CRH and CRH‐R: Is There a “Skin Stress Response System?”
SLOMINSKI, A. T., BOTCHKAREV, V., CHOUDHRY, M., FAZAL, N., FECHNER, K., FURKERT, J., KRAUSE, E., ROLOFF, B., SAYEED, M., WEI, E., et al. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08686.x · Cited by 147
Self-citationMillar, S. E., Miller, M. W., Stevens, M. E., & Barsh, G. S. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.10.3223 · Cited by 146
Winter, H., Jacobs, M., Rogers, M. A., Schweizer, J., Langbein, L., Praetzel, S., Leigh, I. M., & Tidman, N. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00456.x · Cited by 145
Human hair growth in vitro: a model for the study of hair follicle biology
Philpott, M. P., Sanders, D. A., Westgate, G. E., & Kealey, T. (1994) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/0923-1811(94)90036-1 · Cited by 144
Hair cycle-dependent plasticity of skin and hair follicle innervation in normal murine skin
Botchkarev, V. A., Eichm�ller, S., Johansson, O., & Paus, R. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · Cited by 144
Self-citationBrissette, J. L., Li, J., Kamimura, J., Lee, D., & Dotto, G. P. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.17.2212 · Cited by 144
Lindner, G., Menrad, A., Gherardi, E., Merlino, G. T., Welker, P., Handjiski, B., Roloff, B., & Paus, R. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.2.319 · Cited by 142
Self-citationReversal of Baldness in Patient Receiving Minoxidil for Hypertension
Zappacosta, A. R. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198012183032516 · Cited by 141
Mast Cell Involvement in Murine Hair Growth
Paus, R., Maurer, M., Slominski, A. T., & Czarnetzki, B. M. (1994) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1139 · Cited by 141
Self-citationDo Hair Bulb Melanocytes Undergo Apotosis During Hair Follicle Regression (Catagen)?
Tobin, D. J., Hagen, E., Botchkarev, V. A., & Paus, R. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00417.x · Cited by 141
Self-citationPaus, R., Handjiski, B., Czarnetzki, B. M., & Eichmüller, S. B. (1994) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12392542 · Cited by 141
Self-citationGeneration and Cyclic Remodeling of the Hair Follicle Immune System in Mice
Paus, R., van der Veen, C., Eichmüller, S. B., Kopp, T., Hagen, E., Müller‐Röver, S., & Hofmann, U. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00243.x · Cited by 141
Self-citationAnalysis of Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Hair Follicles In Vivo andIn Vitro
Soma, T., Ogo, M., Suzuki, J., Takahashi, T., & Hibino, T. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00408.x · Cited by 138
Periodicity in the growth and shedding of hair
Courtois, M., Loussouarn, G., HOURSEAU, S., & GROLLIER, J. F. (1996) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-748.x · Cited by 138
Liang, T., Hoyer, S., Yu, R. C., Soltani, K., Lorincz, A. L., Hiipakka, R. A., & Liao, S. (1993) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12472330 · Cited by 137
The caspase-RB connection in cell death
Tan, X., & Wang, J. Y. J. (1998) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(97)01208-7 · Cited by 136
Gandarillas, A., Goldsmith, L. A., Gschmeissner, S., Leigh, I. M., & Watt, F. M. (1999) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00350.x · Cited by 136
Blessing, M., Schirmacher, P., & Kaiser, S. (1996) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.135.1.227 · Cited by 136
Alexeev, V. Y., Igoucheva, O., Domashenko, A., Cotsarelis, G., & Yoon, K. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/71901 · Cited by 135
Wilson, C. L., Cotsarelis, G., Wei, Z.-G., Fryer, E., Margolis-Fryer, J., Ostead, M., Tokarek, R., Sun, T., & Lavker, R. M. (1994) · Differentiation · doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.5520127.x · Cited by 134
Efficient delivery of transgenes to human hair follicle progenitor cells using topical lipoplex
Domashenko, A. D., Gupta, S., & Cotsarelis, G. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/74480 · Cited by 133
Principles of Hair Cycle Control
Paus, R. (1998) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02507.x · Cited by 133
Self-citationImmune Privilege in Hair Growth
Westgate, G. E., Craggs, R. I., & Gibson, W. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12481002 · Cited by 132
The induction of anagen hair growth in telogen mouse skin by cyclosporine A administration.
Paus, R., Stenn, K. S., & Link, R. E. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 130
Self-citationHodak, E., Gottlieb, A. B., Anzilotti, M., & Krueger, J. G. (1996) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12344044 · Cited by 130
Paus, R., Foitzik, K., Welker, P., Bulfone‐Paus, S., & Eichmüller, S. B. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12336635 · Cited by 129
Self-citationRandall, V. A., Thornton, M. J., & Messenger, A. G. (1992) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1330141 · Cited by 129
Catecholamines in Human Keratinocyte Differentiation
Schallreuter, K. U., Lemke, K. R., Pittelkow, M. R., Wood, J. M., Körner, C., & Malik, R. (1995) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12606218 · Cited by 129
Danilenko, D. M., Ring, B. D., & Pierce, G. F. (1996) · Molecular Medicine Today · doi:10.1016/1357-4310(96)10045-9 · Cited by 129
Hair growth induction by substance P.
Paus, R., Heinzelmann, T., Schultz, K. D., Furkert, J., Fechner, K., & Czarnetzki, B. M. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 128
Self-citationReynolds, A. J., & Jahoda, C. A. B. (1991) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.99.2.373 · Cited by 128
Cited by
Müller-Röver, S., Foitzik, K., Paus, R., Handjiski, B., van der Veen, C., Eichmüller, S., McKay, I. A., & Stenn, K. S. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01377.x · Cited by 1,375
Self-citationThe Hair Follicle as a Dynamic Miniorgan
Schneider, M. R., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., & Paus, R. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005 · Cited by 1,119
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms Regulating Hair Follicle Development
Millar, S. E. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01670.x · Cited by 967
1 Developmental roles and clinical significance of Hedgehog signaling
McMahon, A. P., Ingham, P. W., & Tabin, C. J. (2003) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(03)53002-2 · Cited by 772
Hair follicle stem cells are specified and function in early skin morphogenesis
Nowak, J. A., Polak, L., Pasolli, H. A., & Fuchs, E. (2008) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.05.009 · Cited by 554
Metadata
- Authors
- Stenn, K. S., & Paus, R.
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2001-01-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 449-494
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2121876008
- Cited by
- 1,519
- References
- 464
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.