Cited by 12,668Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesRNA Research and SplicingSingle-cell and spatial transcriptomics

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TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.

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Abstract

TopHat is a popular spliced aligner for RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) experiments. In this paper, we describe TopHat2, which incorporates many significant enhancements to TopHat. TopHat2 can align reads of various lengths produced by the latest sequencing technologies, while allowing for variable-length indels with respect to the reference genome. In addition to de novo spliced alignment, TopHat2 can align reads across fusion breaks, which can occur after genomic translocations. TopHat2 combines the ability to identify novel splice sites with direct mapping to known transcripts, producing sensitive and accurate alignments, even for highly repetitive genomes or in the presence of pseudogenes. TopHat2 is available at http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/tophat .

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Crossref · 10.1186/gb-2013-14-4-r36

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Show all 8 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Pei B, Sisu C, Frankish A, Howald C, Habegger L, Mu XJ, Harte R, Balasubramanian S, Tanzer A, Diekhans M, Reymond A, Hubbard TJ, Harrow J, Gerstein MB: The GENCODE pseudogene resource. Genome Biol. 2012, 13: R51-10.1186/gb-2012-13-9-r51. · DOI
  2. Trapnell C, Pachter L, Salzberg SL: TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics. 2009, 25: 1105-1111. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp120. · DOI
  3. Wu TD, Nacu S: Fast and SNP-tolerant detection of complex variants and splicing in short reads. Bioinformatics. 2010, 26: 873-881. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq057. · DOI · Paper page
  4. Grant GR, Farkas MH, Pizarro AD, Lahens NF, Schug J, Brunk BP, Stoeckert CJ, Hogenesch JB, Pierce EA: Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq alignment algorithms and the RNA-Seq unified mapper (RUM). Bioinformatics. 2011, 27: 2518-2528. · DOI
  5. Zhang Z, Harrison PM, Liu Y, Gerstein M: Millions of years of evolution preserved: a comprehensive catalog of the processed pseudogenes in the human genome. Genome Res. 2003, 13: 2541-2558. 10.1101/gr.1429003. · DOI
  6. Kalyana-Sundaram S, Kumar-Sinha C, Shankar S, Robinson DR, Wu YM, Cao X, Asangani IA, Kothari V, Prensner JR, Lonigro RJ, Iyer MK, Barrette T, Shanmugam A, Dhanasekaran SM, Palanisamy N, Chinnaiyan AM: Expressed pseudogenes in the transcriptional landscape of human cancers. Cell. 2012, 149: 1622-1634. 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.041. · DOI
  7. Xing J, Zhang Y, Han K, Salem AH, Sen SK, Huff CD, Zhou Q, Kirkness EF, Levy S, Batzer MA, Jorde LB: Mobile elements create structural variation: analysis of a complete human genome. Genome Res. 2009, 19: 1516-1526. 10.1101/gr.091827.109. · DOI
  8. Kim D, Salzberg SL: TopHat-Fusion: an algorithm for discovery of novel fusion transcripts. Genome Biol. 2011, 12: R72-10.1186/gb-2011-12-8-r72. · DOI
  9. Griebel T, Zacher B, Ribeca P, Raineri E, Lacroix V, Guigo R, Sammeth M: Modelling and simulating generic RNA-Seq experiments with the flux simulator. Nucleic acids Res. 2012

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Metadata

Authors
Kim, D., Pertea, G., Trapnell, C., Pimentel, H., Kelley, R., & Salzberg, S. L.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Illumina (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Kim, Daehwan
Venue
Genome Biology
Published
2013-04-25
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
R36-R36
ISSN
  • 1465-6906 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-760X
OpenAlex
W2140729960
Cited by
12,668
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 212 · 2025: 393 · 2024: 659 · 2023: 771 · 2022: 1009 · 2021: 1317 · 2020: 1554 · 2019: 1524 · 2018: 1517 · 2017: 1440 · 2016: 1103 · 2015: 729 · 2014: 352 · 2013: 68
FWCI
336.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Genome biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
Funders
  • Harvard University
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • Broad Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (HG006677)
  • Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG006102, R01HG006677)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Keywords
RNA-seq alignment, spliced alignment, transcriptome alignment, indels, gene fusion, pseudogenes, repetitive genomes
MeSH terms
Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Duplication, Gene Fusion, Transcriptome

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