Bioengineering approaches to guide stem cell-based organogenesis
Open accessAbstract
During organogenesis, various molecular and physical signals are orchestrated in space and time to sculpt multiple cell types into functional tissues and organs. The complex and dynamic nature of the process has hindered studies aimed at delineating morphogenetic mechanisms in vivo, particularly in mammals. Recent demonstrations of stem cell-driven tissue assembly in culture offer a powerful new tool for modeling and dissecting organogenesis. However, despite the highly organotypic nature of stem cell-derived tissues, substantial differences set them apart from their in vivo counterparts, probably owing to the altered microenvironment in which they reside and the lack of mesenchymal influences. Advances in the biomaterials and microtechnology fields have, for example, afforded a high degree of spatiotemporal control over the cellular microenvironment, making it possible to interrogate the effects of individual microenvironmental components in a modular fashion and rapidly identify organ-specific synthetic culture models. Hence, bioengineering approaches promise to bridge the gap between stem cell-driven tissue formation in culture and morphogenesis in vivo, offering mechanistic insight into organogenesis and unveiling powerful new models for drug discovery, as well as strategies for tissue regeneration in the clinic. We draw on several examples of stem cell-derived organoids to illustrate how bioengineering can contribute to tissue formation ex vivo. We also discuss the challenges that lie ahead and potential ways to overcome them.
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Growth factors can be encapsulated within nanoparticles and conjugated onto cell surfaces for controlled release.
“these growth factors can be encapsulated within nanoparticles, and conjugated onto cell surfaces for controlled release85–88.”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [88]
Matrigel may not contain all of the necessary components for proper organoid formation.
“Furthermore, Matrigel may not contain all of the necessary components for proper organoid formation; gut organoids cultured in Matrigel lack the characteristic architecture of mammalian intestines, which could be due to a sub-optimal amount of laminin-511 and the absence of other cell types such as mesenchymal cells49,50.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
Gut organoids cultured in Matrigel lack the characteristic architecture of mammalian intestines.
“Furthermore, Matrigel may not contain all of the necessary components for proper organoid formation; gut organoids cultured in Matrigel lack the characteristic architecture of mammalian intestines, which could be due to a sub-optimal amount of laminin-511 and the absence of other cell types such as mesenchymal cells49,50.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Gjorevski, N., Ranga, A., & Lutolf, M. P.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
- Gjorevski, Nikolche
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2014-05-01
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1794-1804
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2111166332
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- infoscience.epfl.ch
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- organogenesis, stem cell-derived organoids, bioengineering, tissue microenvironment, morphogenesis, biomaterials, organotypic culture model, tissue regeneration, drug discovery models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Humans, Organoids, Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, Organogenesis, Bioengineering
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