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Half-Life of Serum Elimination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate,Perfluorohexanesulfonate, and Perfluorooctanoate in Retired Fluorochemical Production Workers
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The presence of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) has been reported in humans and wildlife. Pharmacokinetic differences have been observed in laboratory animals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this observational study was to estimate the elimination half-life of PFOS, PFHS, and PFOA from human serum. METHODS: Twenty-six (24 male, 2 female) retired fluorochemical production workers, with no additional occupational exposure, had periodic blood samples collected over 5 years, with serum stored in plastic vials at -80 degrees C. At the end of the study, we used HPLC-mass spectrometry to analyze the samples, with quantification based on the ion ratios for PFOS and PFHS and the internal standard (18)O(2)-PFOS. For PFOA, quantitation was based on the internal standard (13)C(2)-PFOA. RESULTS: THE ARITHMETIC MEAN INITIAL SERUM CONCENTRATIONS WERE AS FOLLOWS: PFOS, 799 ng/mL (range, 145-3,490); PFHS, 290 ng/mL (range, 16-1,295); and PFOA, 691 ng/mL (range, 72-5,100). For each of the 26 subjects, the elimination appeared linear on a semi-log plot of concentration versus time; therefore, we used a first-order model for estimation. The arithmetic and geometric mean half-lives of serum elimination, respectively, were 5.4 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.9-6.9] and 4.8 years (95% CI, 4.0-5.8) for PFOS; 8.5 years (95% CI, 6.4-10.6) and 7.3 years (95% CI, 5.8-9.2) for PFHS; and 3.8 years (95% CI, 3.1-4.4) and 3.5 years (95% CI, 3.0-4.1) for PFOA. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, humans appear to have a long half-life of serum elimination of PFOS, PFHS, and PFOA. Differences in species-specific pharmacokinetics may be due, in part, to a saturable renal resorption process.
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“These observations are consistent with long blood plasma elimination half-lives reported for PFHxS in humans [54,55] and for PFHpA and PFHxS in pigs [56].”
From In-Vitro and In-Silico Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Binding to Human Serum Albumin (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
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“Information remains limited, but some existing studies have already suggested that these highly fluorinated alternatives may not be less persistent [9], less bioaccumulative [10] nor less toxic [11] as intended [9].”
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“The biological halflife of PFHxS is known to be longer than for PFOS [150, 151], thus relatively longer biomonitoring may be necessary to see a decrease in human serum in response to any intervention.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Olsen, G. W., Burris, J. M., Ehresman, D. J., Froehlich, J. W., Seacat, A. M., Butenhoff, J. L., & Zobel, L. R.
- Affiliations
- 3M (United States) (US)
- Pace Analytical Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Corresponding author
- Olsen, Geary W.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-06-12
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1298-1305
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC1964923
- OpenAlex
- W1993650845
- Cited by
- 2,049
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 44.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- PFOS, PFHxS, perfluorooctanoic acid, occupational exposure
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Caprylates, Chemical Industry, Female, Fluorocarbons, Half-Life, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retirement, Sulfonic Acids, Occupational Exposure, Alkanesulfonic Acids
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