Cited by 322Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesRegulation of Appetite and ObesityTryptophan and brain disorders

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Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression

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Hryhorczuk, Cecile, Sharma, Sandeep, Fulton, Stephanie E.·2013·Frontiers in Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnins.2013.00177PMC PMC3791387

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Abstract

Obesity markedly increases the odds of developing depression. Depressed mood not only impairs motivation, quality of life and overall functioning but also increases the risks of obesity complications. Abdominal obesity is a better predictor of depression and anxiety risk than overall adipose mass. A growing amount of research suggests that metabolic abnormalities stemming from central obesity that lead to metabolic disease may also be responsible for the increased incidence of depression in obesity. As reviewed here, a higher mass of dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with several metabolic disturbances that are either directly or indirectly implicated in the control of emotions and mood. To better comprehend the development of depression in obesity, this review pulls together select findings addressing the link between adiposity, diet and negative emotional states and discusses the evidence that alterations in glucocorticoids, adipose-derived hormones, insulin and inflammatory signaling that are characteristic of central obesity may be involved.

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Figure 1 Metabolic signals and disturbances linking obesity and abdominal adiposity with depression. Central obesity and related metabolic changes correlate positively with depression. Excessive intake of foods high in saturated fat promotes weight gain, visceral fat accumulation and increased risk of depressed mood. Endocrine changes associated with abdominal obesity include hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation and altered plasma levels of cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and insulin—hormones implicated in the central control of emotion and mood. Obesity-induced impairments in brain glucocorticoids (GCs), leptin and insulin receptor signaling are posited to link hypercortisolemia and leptin and insulin resistance to depression. Central fat accumulation also stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β) and signals (C-reactive protein) that can promote neuroinflammatory responses and depressive behavior. Increased entry of saturated free fatty acids into the brain may also propagate neuroinflammation, leptin/insulin resistance and, consequently, depression. In parallel, increased vulnerability to external stressors, negative emotional states and adverse cognitive style (e.g., poor self-image) associated with overweight and obesity can potentiate consumption of energy-dense “comfort” foods to fuel a vicious cycle of central obesity, metabolic dysfunction and depression. This figure was produced using Servier Medical Art.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Hryhorczuk, C., Sharma, S., & Fulton, S. E.
Affiliations: Université de Montréal (CA)
Corresponding author: Fulton, Stephanie E.
ORCID: Sharma, Sandeep
Fulton, Stephanie E.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2013
Volume: 7
Pages: 177-177
ISSN: 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00177
PMC: PMC3791387
OpenAlex: W2100391099
Cited by: 322
References: 225
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 26
FWCI: 2.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: obesity, depression, abdominal obesity, metabolic disorders, glucocorticoids, adipokines, insulin resistance, inflammation, diet, mood regulation, anxiety

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Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression

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