Cited by 452Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The Arc of synaptic memory

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Bramham, Clive R., Alme, Maria N., Bittins, Margarethe, Kuipers, Sjoukje D., Nair, Rajeevkumar R., Pai, Balagopal, Panja, Debabrata, Schubert, Manja +3 more·2010·Experimental Brain Research

Abstract

The immediate early gene Arc is emerging as a versatile, finely tuned system capable of coupling changes in neuronal activity patterns to synaptic plasticity, thereby optimizing information storage in the nervous system. Here, we attempt to overview the Arc system spanning from transcriptional regulation of the Arc gene, to dendritic transport, metabolism, and translation of Arc mRNA, to post-translational modification, localization, and degradation of Arc protein. Within this framework we discuss the function of Arc in regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics underlying consolidation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor endocytosis underlying long-term depression (LTD) and homeostatic plasticity. Behaviorally, Arc has a key role in consolidation of explicit and implicit forms of memory, with recent work implicating Arc in adaptation to stress as well as maladaptive plasticity connected to drug addiction. Arc holds considerable promise as a "master regulator" of protein synthesis-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, but the mechanisms that modulate and switch Arc function are only beginning to be elucidated.

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Authors
Bramham, C. R., Alme, M. N., Bittins, M., Kuipers, S. D., Nair, R. R., Pai, B., Panja, D., Schubert, M., Soule, J., Tiron, A., & Wibrand, K.
Affiliations
University of Bergen (NO)
Corresponding author
Bramham, Clive R.
Venue
Experimental Brain Research
Published
2009-08-19
Volume
200
Issue
2
Pages
125-140
ISSN
  • 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1106
OpenAlex
W2100126489
Cited by
452
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 39
FWCI
2.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • Universitetet i Bergen
  • Norges Forskningsråd
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
Arc, synaptic plasticity, immediate early genes, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, homeostatic plasticity, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, AMPA receptor endocytosis, memory consolidation, stress adaptation, drug addiction, protein synthesis, post-translational modification
MeSH terms
Animals, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Synapses

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