Cited by 779Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Arc/Arg3.1 Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Scaling of AMPA Receptors

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Shepherd, Jason D., Rumbaugh, Gavin, Wu, Jing, Chowdhury, Shoaib, Plath, Niels, Kuhl, Dietmar, Huganir, Richard L., Worley, Paul F.·2006·Neuron

Abstract

Homeostatic plasticity may compensate for Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), by scaling neuronal output without changing the relative strength of individual synapses. This delicate balance between neuronal output and distributed synaptic weight may be necessary for maintaining efficient encoding of information across neuronal networks. Here, we demonstrate that Arc/Arg3.1, an immediate-early gene (IEG) that is rapidly induced by neuronal activity associated with information encoding in the brain, mediates homeostatic synaptic scaling of AMPA type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) via its ability to activate a novel and selective AMPAR endocytic pathway. High levels of Arc/Arg3.1 block the homeostatic increases in AMPAR function induced by chronic neuronal inactivity. Conversely, loss of Arc/Arg3.1 results in increased AMPAR function and abolishes homeostatic scaling of AMPARs. These observations, together with evidence that Arc/Arg3.1 is required for memory consolidation, reveal the importance of Arc/Arg3.1's dynamic expression as it exerts continuous and precise control over synaptic strength and cellular excitability.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.034

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  • BDNF, Arc, TNFa, MHC1, b3 integrins, PICK1, and scaffold proteins PSD-95 and PSD-93 can all contribute to, or are essential for, synaptic scaling in dissociated cultures.

    “Additionally, there is evidence that the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Rutherford et al. 1998), the immediate early gene Arc (Shepherd et al. 2006), the cytokine TNFa (Stellwagen and Malenka 2006;Steinmetz and Turrigiano, 2010), the immune molecule MHC1 (Goddard et al. 2007), b3 integrins (Cingolani et al. 2008), the AMPAR binding protein PICK1 (Anggono et al. 2011), and”
  • Synaptic scaling in vitro requires TNFa and Arc signaling.

    “Interestingly, the delayed potentiation in visual cortex following lid suture requires TNFa and Arc signaling (Kaneko et al. 2008;McCurry et al. 2011) as does synaptic scaling in vitro (Shepherd et al. 2006;Stellwagen and Malenka 2006;Steinmetz and Turrigiano 2010); however, both these manipulations likely affect many forms of plasticity, so it still remains to be seen if synaptic scaling”
  • NPTXs may contribute to cognitive decline in neurodegeneration and other diseases of the CNS by modifying excitatory synaptic drive onto fast-spiking PV interneurons, leading to E/I imbalance.

    “NPTXs may contribute to the cognitive decline in neurodegeneration and other diseases of the CNS by modifying the excitatory synaptic drive onto fast-spiking PV interneurons which leads to E/I imbalance.”
  • This E/I imbalance might promote or accelerate disease progression by increasing demand in other compensatory mechanisms.

    “This might promote or accelerate disease progression by increasing the demand in other compensatory mechanisms (Hu et al. 2010; Shepherd et al. 2006; Xiao et al. 2017).”

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Authors
Shepherd, J. D., Rumbaugh, G., Wu, J., Chowdhury, S., Plath, N., Kuhl, D., Huganir, R. L., & Worley, P. F.
Affiliations
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author
Worley, Paul F.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-11
Volume
52
Issue
3
Pages
475-484
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2114559471
Cited by
779
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 59
FWCI
15.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH053608, P50MH068830)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
Arc/Arg3.1, homeostatic synaptic scaling, AMPA receptors, homeostatic plasticity, immediate early genes, memory consolidation, synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, synaptic homeostasis
MeSH terms
Anesthetics, Local, Animals, Bicuculline, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Embryo, Mammalian, Endocytosis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Subcellular Fractions, Synapses, Tetrodotoxin, Transfection, Blotting, Western, Receptors, AMPA, Mice, Knockout, Patch-Clamp Techniques, GABA Antagonists, Biotinylation, Immunoprecipitation, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, Rats

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