The Genetics of Aging: A Vertebrate Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Aging negatively impacts vitality and health. Many genetic pathways that regulate aging were discovered in invertebrates. However, the genetics of aging is more complex in vertebrates because of their specialized systems. This Review discusses advances in the genetic regulation of aging in vertebrates from work in mice, humans, and organisms with exceptional lifespans. We highlight challenges for the future, including sex-dependent differences in lifespan and the interplay between genes and environment. We also discuss how the identification of reliable biomarkers of age and development of new vertebrate models can be leveraged for personalized interventions to counter aging and age-related diseases.
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Aging is a risk factor for chronic diseases, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney failure, chronic lung disease, cancers, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, blindness, dementia, and neurodegenerative diseases.
“Aging is one of the risk factors for chronic diseases, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney failure, chronic lung disease, cancers, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, blindness, dementia, and neurodegenerative diseases [467,468].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [467]
Genetic polymorphisms, mutations, or inhibitors that reduce activity of central IIS components or their downstream effectors are linked to longevity in humans and model organisms.
“Genetic polymorphisms, mutations, or inhibitors that reduce the activity of central components of this pathway or their downstream intracellular effectors are linked to longevity, both in humans and in model organisms.[208][209][210]”
From Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
Genes that regulate lifespan in animal models and human studies, and multiple experimental paradigms, have demonstrated that it is possible to manipulate ageing biology to rejuvenate physiological functioning in complex model organisms.
“Genes that regulate lifespan in animal models6–9 and human studies10–14 as well as multiple experimental paradigms, such as caloric restriction, heterochronic parabiosis and partial epigenetic reprogramming, have demonstrated that it is possible to manipulate ageing biology to ‘rejuvenate’ physiological functioning in complex model organisms15–28.”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Much of the basic biology of ageing seems largely conserved among many species with very different lifespans.
“Indeed, it could be argued that, as much of the basic biology of ageing seems largely conserved among many species with very different lifespans3,4,8, clocks that measure a universal cause or rate of ageing should function ubiquitously.”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
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25years after age-1: Genes, interventions and the revolution in aging research
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- Authors
- Singh, P. P., Demmitt, B. A., Nath, R. D., & Brunet, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brunet, Anne
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 200-220
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7592626
- OpenAlex
- W2924222341
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (DP1AG044848, T32HG000044)
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging
- Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- aging, genetics of aging, vertebrates, lifespan regulation, exceptional longevity, sex differences in lifespan, gene-environment interaction, aging biomarkers, age-related diseases, anti-aging interventions, mouse model, human aging
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Aging, Aging, Animals, Humans, Invertebrates, Longevity, Vertebrates, Models, Animal, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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