The DOI matches its Crossref record; 206 of the 206 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
Abstract
The basal ganglia and frontal cortex operate together to execute goal directed behaviors. This requires not only the execution of motor plans, but also the behaviors that lead to this execution, including emotions and motivation that drive behaviors, cognition that organizes and plans the general strategy, motor planning, and finally, the execution of that plan. The components of the frontal cortex that mediate these behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby developing new learned behaviors (or actions) from a combination of inputs from emotional, cognitive, and motor cortical areas. Recent anatomical evidence from primates demonstrates that the neuro-networks within basal ganglia pathways are in a position to move information across functional circuits. Two networks are: the striato-nigral-striatal network and the thalamo-cortical-thalamic network. Within each of these sets of connected structures, there are both reciprocal connections linking up regions associated with similar functions and non-reciprocal connections linking up regions that are associated with different cortical basal ganglia circuits. Each component of information (from limbic to motor outcome) sends both feedback connection, and also a feedforward connection, allowing the transfer of information. Information is channeled from limbic, to cognitive, to motor circuits. Action decision-making processes are thus influenced by motivation and cognitive inputs, allowing the animal to respond appropriate to environmental cues.
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“Reward information is processed via a limbic cortico-striatal-thalamic circuit that interdigitates with the mesolimbic DA pathway [56,57], and the NAc serves as a DA-gated mediator for information passing from the limbic system to the cortex [58].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Corticostriatal projections from the agranular areas target the nucleus accumbens, and those from the granular prefrontal areas terminate in the caudate nucleus.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, the reward circuitry is a distributed network, classically described as part of the cortico-basal ganglia system (Alexander and Crutcher, 1990; Haber, 2003; Parent and Hazrati, 1995).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Haber, 2003
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the ACC is rich in dopamine receptors and recognized as a core node within the incentive motivational system (Depue and Collins, 1999; Haber, 2003; Berridge, 2004), suggesting the possibility of a neurochemical basis for the aggregation of regions that showed stronger activation likelihoods in adolescents relative to adults.”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Haber, 2003
In the citing paper
“Highly processed cortical sensory inputs reach the ventral striatum through unidirectional projections from the insula as well as from the orbitofrontal cortex (Haber, 2003).”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Haber, 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haber, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haber, Suzanne N.
- ORCID
- Haber, Suzanne N.
- Venue
- Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 317-330
- ISSN
- 0891-0618 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150857753
- Cited by
- 1,479
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 92
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n44ns022311-002)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH45573)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS22311)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, frontal cortex, primate neuroanatomy, parallel neural pathways, goal-directed behavior, motivation, basal ganglia circuitry
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Humans, Mental Processes, Neural Pathways, Primates
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