Individual decision-making in the causal pathway to addiction: contributions and limitations of rodent models

Ahmed, Serge H.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.005

Cited by 39Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

Individual decision-making in the causal pathway to addiction: contributions and limitations of rodent models

Ahmed, Serge H.·2018·Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.005

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The causal pathway from vulnerability to drug use and addiction involves a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. An individual can intervene on this causal pathway by two major types of individual decision. There is the inaugural, momentous decision to use a drug for the first time. This decision is influenced by both prior knowledge on the drug and its expected effects, and also by prior self-knowledge on one's own vulnerability. After an individual has used a drug for the first time, there is the decision to repeat drug use. This decision is influenced by the same factors that were involved in the inaugural decision to initiate drug use, except for one crucial difference. The first drug use has now acted on the individual, changing its brain acutely and also potentially persistently in a way that could bias subsequent decision-making in favor of repeated drug use. The goal of this review article is to assess the contributions and limitations of rodent models (i.e., rats, mice) to understand how prior drug use can influence decision-making in a way that favors future drug use. Overall, research on rodents shows that prior drug use can increase impulsive, risky and/or potentially harmful decision-making. However, this does not apparently translate into more drug use when rodents have the choice between a drug and a competing, nondrug option, except when the expected value of the latter is considerably decreased. The delayed drug reward hypothesis is developed to resolve and explain this apparent discrepancy. This novel hypothesis makes several unique predictions, some of them counterintuitive, and suggests that extrapolation of rodent research to humans should not only take into account differences in drug choice situations but also inherent species-specific differences in individual decision-making.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.005

Cites

162 of 162 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In rodent studies, choice procedures are resistant to disruption, and a large proportion of rats continue to select a sweet solution rather than the drug even after clear establishment of dependence.
“In rodent studies, choice procedures are notoriously resistant to disruption, and a large proportion of rats continue to select a sweet solution (e.g., saccharin) rather than the drug even after the clear establishment of dependence (Lenoir et al., 2013;Ahmed, 2018).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Ahmed, 2018

A Theory of Rational Addiction
Becker, G. S., & Murphy, K. (1988) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261558 · Cited by 3,822 · see citing works
Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion
Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1579 · Cited by 3,785 · see citing works
Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control.
Ainslie, G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076860 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: a neurocognitive perspective
Bechara, A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1584 · Cited by 2,149 · cited 3× · see citing works
“It is hypothesized to play a role at both early stages during the transition to addiction, when people spend most of the time drug-free between episodes of drug use, and also at later stages, such as during relapse which, by definition, occurs after a relatively long, drug-free, abstinence period (Bechara, 2005; Bicke…”
Background
A Discounting Framework for Choice With Delayed and Probabilistic Rewards.
Green, L., & Myerson, J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.769 · Cited by 1,676 · see citing works
Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes
de Wit, H. (2009) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
Drug addiction: updating actions to habits to compulsions ten years on
Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033457 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control
Montague, P. R., Hyman, S. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03015 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Balancing Life-Style and Genomics Research for Disease Prevention
Willett, W. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071055 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Beyond simple models of self-control to circuit-based accounts of adolescent behavior
Casey, B. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015156 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Animal Models: Focus on Addiction
Becker, J. B., & Koob, G. F. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011163 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Intense Sweetness Surpasses Cocaine Reward
Lenoir, M., Serre, F., Cantin, L., & Ahmed, S. H. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000698 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citation
Drug addiction: bad habits add up
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19208 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Addiction as a Computational Process Gone Awry
Redish, A. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102384 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process
Redish, A. D., Jensen, S., & Johnson, A. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0800472x · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Habitual alcohol seeking: time course and the contribution of subregions of the dorsal striatum
Corbit, L. H., Nie, H., & Janak, P. H. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.024 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Amphetamine Exposure Enhances Habit Formation
Nelson, A., & Killcross, S. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4305-05.2006 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Are animals stuck in time?
Roberts, W. A. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.473 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Impulsive choice and impulsive action predict vulnerability to distinct stages of nicotine seeking in rats
Diergaarde, L., Pattij, T., Poortvliet, I., Hogenboom, F., de Vries, W., Schoffelmeer, A. N. M., & De Vries, T. J. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.011 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Impulsivity (delay discounting) as a predictor of acquisition of IV cocaine self-administration in female rats
Perry, J. L., Larson, E. B., German, J. P., Madden, G. J., & Carroll, M. E. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1994-4 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
The behavioral-and neuro-economic process of temporal discounting: a candidate behavioral marker of addiction
Bickel, W. K., Koffarnus, M. N., Moody, L., & Wilson, A. G. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.013 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Dopamine Prediction Errors in Reward Learning and Addiction: From Theory to Neural Circuitry
Keiflin, R., & Janak, P. H. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.037 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The dappled nature of causes of psychiatric illness: replacing the organic–functional/hardware–software dichotomy with empirically based pluralism
Kendler, K. S. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.182 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Sex and estrogen influence drug abuse
Carroll, M. E., Lynch, W. J., Roth, M. E., Morgan, A. D., & Cosgrove, K. (2004) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.011 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Decision-Making Dysfunctions in Psychiatry—Altered Homeostatic Processing?
Paulus, M. P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1142997 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Gene-Environment Interaction in Psychological Traits and Disorders
Dick, D. M. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104518 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Sufficiency of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neuron Stimulation for the Progression to Addiction
Pascoli, V., Terrier, J. E., Hiver, A., & Lüscher, C. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.017 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Delay of reinforcement: A historical review.
Renner, K. E. (1964) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0048335 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Sex differences in impulsive action and impulsive choice
Weafer, J. J., & de Wit, H. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.033 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Validation crisis in animal models of drug addiction: Beyond non-disordered drug use toward drug addiction
Ahmed, S. H. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.005 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citation
NOW vs LATER brain circuits: implications for obesity and addiction
Volkow, N. D., & Baler, R. D. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.002 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Impulsivity predicts individual susceptibility to high levels of alcohol self-administration
Poulos, C. X., Le, A. D., & Parker, J. L. (1995) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-199512000-00006 · Cited by 234 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Poulos and colleagues were among the first to assess how preexisting individual differences in impulsive decision-making in drugnaïve rats subsequently predict vulnerability to ethanol drinking (Poulos et al., 1995; Poulos et al., 1998).”
Background
Environmental stimuli promote the acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats
Caggiula, A. R., Donny, E. C., White, A., Chaudhri, N., Booth, S., Gharib, M. A., Hoffman, A., Perkins, K. A., & Sved, A. F. (2002) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1156-5 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Addiction: Implications for Voluntary Control of Behavior
Hyman, S. E. (2007) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265160601063969 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Deflating the Genomic Bubble
Evans, J. P., Meslin, E. M., Marteau, T. M., & Caulfield, T. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198039 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Potential Vulnerabilities of Neuronal Reward, Risk, and Decision Mechanisms to Addictive Drugs
Schultz, W. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.014 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Intoxication and bad behaviour: understanding cultural differences in the link
Room, R. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00330-0 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The impact of orbitofrontal dysfunction on cocaine addiction
Lucantonio, F., Stalnaker, T. A., Shaham, Y., Niv, Y., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3014 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Impulsive choice as a predictor of acquisition of IV cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in male and female rats.
Perry, J. L., Nelson, S. E., & Carroll, M. E. (2008) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.16.2.165 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
The science of making drug-addicted animals
Ahmed, S. H. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.014 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conditioned reinforcing properties of stimuli paired with self-administered cocaine, heroin or sucrose: implications for the persistence of addictive behaviour
Ciano, P. D., & Everitt, B. J. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.005 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
How fast and how often: The pharmacokinetics of drug use are decisive in addiction
Allain, F., Minogianis, E.-A., Roberts, D. C. S., & Samaha, A.-N. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.012 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Cocaine Is Low on the Value Ladder of Rats: Possible Evidence for Resilience to Addiction
Cantin, L., Lenoir, M., Augier, E., Vanhille, N., Dubreucq, S., Serre, F., Vouillac‐Mendoza, C., & Ahmed, S. H. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011592 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impulsivity predicts the escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats
Anker, J. J., Perry, J. L., Gliddon, L. A., & Carroll, M. E. (2009) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.05.013 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Stages of dysfunctional decision-making in addiction
Verdejo‐García, A., Chong, T. T. ‐., Stout, J. C., Yücel, M., & London, E. D. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.02.003 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics of substance use disorders
Kendler, K. S., Chen, X., Dick, D., Maes, H., Gillespie, N., Neale, M. C., & Riley, B. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3018 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Dual determinants of drug use in humans: reward and impulsivity.
de Wit, H., & Richards, J. B. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Repeated Cocaine Exposure Facilitates the Expression of Incentive Motivation and Induces Habitual Control in Rats
LeBlanc, K. H., Maidment, N. T., & Ostlund, S. B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061355 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Personality traits and vulnerability or resilience to substance use disorders
Belcher, A. M., Volkow, N. D., Moeller, F. G., & Ferré, S. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.01.010 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Cocaine exposure causes long-term increases in impulsive choice.
Simon, N. W., Mendez, I. A., & Setlow, B. (2007) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.3.543 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Historical and cultural aspects of man's relationship with addictive drugs
Crocq, M. (2007) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2007.9.4/macrocq · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Risk-Prone Individuals Prefer the Wrong Options on a Rat Version of the Iowa Gambling Task
Rivalan, M., Ahmed, S. H., & Dellu-Hagedorn, F. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.008 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of the Novel Positive Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 AZD8529 on Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving After Prolonged Voluntary Abstinence in a Rat Model
Caprioli, D., Venniro, M., Zeric, T., Li, X., Adhikary, S., Madangopal, R., Marchant, N. J., Lucantonio, F., Schoenbaum, G., Bossert, J. M., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.018 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Augmented reinforcer value and accelerated habit formation after repeated amphetamine treatment
Nordquist, R. E., Voorn, P., Malsen, J. G. D. M., Joosten, R. N. J. M. A., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2007) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.12.005 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Insights from Preclinical Choice Models on Treating Drug Addiction
Banks, M. L., & Negus, S. S. (2016) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.002 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
High‐Alcohol Preferring Mice Are More Impulsive Than Low‐Alcohol Preferring Mice as Measured in the Delay Discounting Task
Oberlin, B. G., & Grahame, N. J. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00955.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-administered cocaine causes long-lasting increases in impulsive choice in a delay discounting task.
Mendez, I. A., Simon, N. W., Hart, N., Mitchell, M. R., Nation, J. R., Wellman, P. J., & Setlow, B. (2010) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0020458 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Neurobiology of addiction versus drug use driven by lack of choice
Ahmed, S. H., Lenoir, M., & Guillem, K. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.028 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Repeated Cocaine Exposure on Habit Learning and Reversal by N-Acetylcysteine
Corbit, L. H., Chieng, B. C., & Balleine, B. W. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.37 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-control across species (Columba livia, Homo sapiens, and Rattus norvegicus).
Tobin, H., & Logue, A. W. (1994) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.108.2.126 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
10.2307/3505175
(2000) · Time to knit · doi:10.2307/3505175 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Selecting Between Food and Cocaine Reinforcement are Mediated by Estrogen
Kerstetter, K. A., Ballis, M. A., Duffin-Lutgen, S., Carr, A. E., Behrens, A. M., & Kippin, T. E. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.99 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Previous Cocaine Exposure Makes Rats Hypersensitive to Both Delay and Reward Magnitude
Roesch, M. R., Takahashi, Y. K., Gugsa, N., Bissonette, G. B., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4080-06.2007 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
ADDICTION AND AUTONOMY: CAN ADDICTED PEOPLE CONSENT TO THE PRESCRIPTION OF THEIR DRUG OF ADDICTION?
Foddy, B., & Savulescu, J. (2005) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00470.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Extended Heroin Access Increases Heroin Choices Over a Potent Nondrug Alternative
Lenoir, M., Cantin, L., Vanhille, N., Serre, F., & Ahmed, S. H. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.17 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adolescent Risk Taking, Cocaine Self-Administration, and Striatal Dopamine Signaling
Mitchell, M. R., Weiss, V. G., Beas, B. S., Morgan, D., Bizon, J. L., & Setlow, B. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.295 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effects of acute and chronic nicotine on impulsive choice in rats
Dallery, J., & Locey, M. L. (2005) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-200502000-00002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Psychopathology and the Ability to Do Otherwise
Pickard, H. (2013) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.1111/phpr.12025 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Individual vulnerability to addiction
Swendsen, J. D., & Moal, M. L. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05894.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Imbalance between drug and non-drug reward availability: A major risk factor for addiction
Ahmed, S. H. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.036 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
COCAINE VERSUS FOOD CHOICE PROCEDURE IN RATS: ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS AND EFFECTS OF AMPHETAMINE
Thomsen, M., Barrett, A. C., Negus, S. S., & Caine, S. B. (2013) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.15 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Choice and contingency in the development of behavioral autonomy during instrumental conditioning.
Kosaki, Y., & Dickinson, A. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/a0016887 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Free-operant acquisition with delayed reinforcement
Dickinson, A., Watt, A. A., & Griffiths, W. J. (2007) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640749208401019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Trait Impulsive Choice Predicts Resistance to Extinction and Propensity to Relapse to Cocaine Seeking: A Bidirectional Investigation
Broos, N., Diergaarde, L., Schoffelmeer, A. N. M., Pattij, T., & Vries, T. J. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.323 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Development of a Preference for Cocaine over Food Identifies Individual Rats with Addiction-Like Behaviors
Perry, A. N., Westenbroek, C., & Becker, J. B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079465 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use
Nasrallah, N. A., Yang, T. W. H., & Bernstein, I. L. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0906629106 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Decision-making ability in current and past users of opiates: A meta-analysis
Biernacki, K., McLennan, S. N., Terrett, G., Labuschagne, I., & Rendell, P. G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.011 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Risk preference following adolescent alcohol use is associated with corrupted encoding of costs but not rewards by mesolimbic dopamine
Nasrallah, N. A., Clark, J. J., Collins, A. L., Akers, C. A., Phillips, P. E. M., & Bernstein, I. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1017732108 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Persistent palatable food preference in rats with a history of limited and extended access to methamphetamine self‐administration
Caprioli, D., Zeric, T., Thorndike, E. B., & Vènniro, M. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12220 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Is Associated with Increased Risky Choice and Decreased Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Neuron Markers in Adult Rats
Boutros, N., Semenova, S., Liu, W., Crews, F. T., & Markou, A. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
A Research-based Theory of Addictive Motivation
Ainslie, G. (2000) · Law and Philosophy · doi:10.1023/a:1006349204560 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Drug versus sweet reward: greater attraction to and preference for sweet versus drug cues
Madsen, H. B., & Ahmed, S. H. (2014) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12134 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased impulsivity after injected alcohol predicts later alcohol consumption in rats: Evidence for "loss-of-control drinking" and marked individual differences.
Poulos, C. X., Parker, J. L., & Lê, D. A. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.5.1247 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Increased impulsivity after injected alcohol predicts later alcohol consumption in rats: Evidence for "loss-of-control drinking" and marked individual differences.
Poulos, C. X., Parker, J. L., & Lê, D. A. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1247 · Cited by 78 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Poulos and colleagues were among the first to assess how preexisting individual differences in impulsive decision-making in drugnaïve rats subsequently predict vulnerability to ethanol drinking (Poulos et al., 1995; Poulos et al., 1998).”
Background
Effects of acute and repeated nicotine administration on delay discounting in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats
Anderson, K. G., & Diller, J. W. (2010) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e328340a050 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Essential value of cocaine and food in rats: tests of the exponential model of demand
Christensen, C. J., Silberberg, A. M., Hursh, S. R., Huntsberry, M. E., & Riley, A. L. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1120-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Orexin-1 Receptor Mediation of Cocaine Seeking in Male and Female Rats
Zhou, L., Ghee, S. M., Chan, C. H., Lin, L., Cameron, M. D., Kenny, P. J., & See, R. E. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.111.187567 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Risk‐preferring rats make worse decisions and show increased incubation of craving after cocaine self‐administration
Ferland, J. N., & Winstanley, C. A. (2017) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12388 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Reinforcing effects of light as a function of intensity and reinforcement schedule.
Stewart, J. (1960) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047315 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Influence of cue‐conditioning on acquisition, maintenance and relapse of cocaine intravenous self‐administration
Deroche‐Gamonet, V., Piat, F., Moal, M. L., & Piazza, P. V. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01974.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Parent and offspring alcohol use; imitative and aversive transmission.
Harburg, E., Davis, D. R., & Caplan, R. (1982) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1982.43.497 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Addiction and free will
Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066350802567103 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chronic Alcohol Intake During Adolescence, but not Adulthood, Promotes Persistent Deficits in Risk-Based Decision Making
Schindler, A. G., Tsutsui, K. T., & Clark, J. J. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12404 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Early and prolonged exposure to reward delay: Effects on impulsive choice and alcohol self-administration in male rats.
Stein, J. S., Johnson, P. S., Renda, C. R., Smits, R. R., Liston, K. J., Shahan, T. A., & Madden, G. J. (2013) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0031245 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Unidirectional relationship between heroin self-administration and impulsive decision-making in rats
Schippers, M. C., Binnekade, R., Schoffelmeer, A. N. M., Pattij, T., & De Vries, T. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2444-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Behavioral and Neural Substrates of Habit Formation in Rats Intravenously Self-Administering Nicotine
Clemens, K. J., Castino, M. R., Cornish, J. L., Goodchild, A. K., & Holmes, N. M. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.111 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Choosing Under the Influence: A Drug-Specific Mechanism by Which the Setting Controls Drug Choices in Rats
Vandaele, Y., Cantin, L., Serre, F., Vouillac‐Mendoza, C., & Ahmed, S. H. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.195 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Individual differences in discount rate are associated with demand for self‐administered cocaine, but not sucrose
Koffarnus, M. N., & Woods, J. H. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00361.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Perturbations in different forms of cost/benefit decision making induced by repeated amphetamine exposure
Floresco, S., & Whelan, J. M. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1529-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory of cocaine addiction: From mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
Bickel, W., Snider, S. E., Quisenberry, A. J., Stein, J. S., & Hanlon, C. (2015) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.009 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Influence of a conditioned light stimulus on cocaine self-administration in rats
Schenk, S., & Partridge, B. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000608 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Reversal of Alcohol-Induced Dysregulation in Dopamine Network Dynamics May Rescue Maladaptive Decision-making
Schindler, A. G., Soden, M. E., Zweifel, L. S., & Clark, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4394-15.2016 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Extended access to amphetamine self-administration increases impulsive choice in a delay discounting task in rats
Gipson, C. D., & Bardo, M. T. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1667-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The effects of chronic cocaine exposure on impulsivity in rats
Dandy, K. L., & Gatch, M. B. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e328330ad89 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Differentiating the rapid actions of cocaine
Wise, R. A., & Kiyatkin, E. A. (2011) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3043 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Poor impulse control predicts inelastic demand for nicotine but not alcohol in rats
Diergaarde, L., van Mourik, Y., Pattij, T., Schoffelmeer, A. N. M., & Vries, T. J. D. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00376.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids Promote Cocaine-Induced Impulsivity and Its Rapid Dopaminergic Correlates
Hernández, G., Oleson, E. B., Gentry, R. N., Abbas, Z., Bernstein, D. L., Arvanitogiannis, A., & Cheer, J. F. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Intake-dependent effects of cocaine self-administration on impulsive choice in a delay discounting task.
Mitchell, M. R., Weiss, V. G., Ouimet, D. J., Fuchs, R. A., Morgan, D., & Setlow, B. (2014) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0036742 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Insular neural system controls decision-making in healthy and methamphetamine-treated rats
Mizoguchi, H., Katahira, K., Inutsuka, A., Fukumoto, K., Nakamura, A., Wang, T., Nagai, T., Sato, J., Sawada, M., Ohira, H., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1418014112 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Induction and Blockade of Adolescent Cocaine-Induced Habits
DePoy, L. M., Zimmermann, K. S., Marvar, P. J., & Gourley, S. L. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.023 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Aberrant decision-making and drug addiction — how strong is the evidence?
Ekhtiari, H., Victor, T. A., & Paulus, M. P. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.09.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Diazepam promotes choice of abstinence in cocaine self‐administering rats
Augier, E., Vouillac‐Mendoza, C., & Ahmed, S. H. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00368.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preference for Cocaine is Represented in the Orbitofrontal Cortex by an Increased Proportion of Cocaine Use-Coding Neurons
Guillem, K., & Ahmed, S. H. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw398 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cocaine can generate a stronger conditioned reinforcer than food despite being a weaker primary reinforcer
Tunstall, B. J., & Kearns, D. N. (2014) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12195 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rats quit nicotine for a sweet reward following an extensive history of nicotine use
Huynh, C., Fam, J. P., Ahmed, S. H., & Clemens, K. J. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12306 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased Delay Discounting Tracks with a High Ethanol‐Seeking Phenotype and Subsequent Ethanol Seeking But Not Consumption
Beckwith, S. W., & Czachowski, C. L. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12523 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Impulsive choice and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol during adolescence and adulthood
Mejía-Toiber, J., Boutros, N., Markou, A., & Semenova, S. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.019 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Nonhuman animal models of substance use disorders: Translational value and utility to basic science
Smith, M. A. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107733 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dissociation between long-lasting behavioral sensitization to amphetamine and impulsive choice in rats performing a delay-discounting task
Stanis, J. J., Avila, H. M., White, M. D., & Gulley, J. M. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1182-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Essential values of cocaine and non‐drug alternatives predict the choice between them
Kearns, D. N., Kim, J. S., Tunstall, B. J., & Silberberg, A. M. (2016) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12450 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Sociology of American Drug Use
Faupel, C. E., Horowitz, A. M., & Weaver, G. S. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Associative competition in operant conditioning: blocking the response-reinforcer association
Williams, B. A. (1999) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212970 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Repeated Ethanol Exposure During Early and Late Adolescence: Double Dissociation of Effects on Waiting and Choice Impulsivity
Sanchez‐Roige, S., Peña‐Oliver, Y., Ripley, T. L., & Stephens, D. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12535 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Consequences of Adolescent Ethanol Consumption on Risk Preference and Orbitofrontal Cortex Encoding of Reward
McMurray, M. S., Amodeo, L. R., & Roitman, J. D. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.288 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cytoskeletal Determinants of Stimulus-Response Habits
Gourley, S. L., Olevska, A., Gordon, J., & Taylor, J. R. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1034-13.2013 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Reinstatement in a cocaine versus food choice situation: reversal of preference between drug and non‐drug rewards
Tunstall, B. J., & Kearns, D. N. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12054 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
How psychoactive drugs shape human culture: A multi-disciplinary perspective
Wadley, G. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Baseline impulsive choice predicts the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on impulsivity in rats
Kayır, H., Semenova, S., & Markou, A. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Delay discounting of food by rhesus monkeys: Cocaine and food choice in isomorphic and allomorphic situations.
Huskinson, S. L., Woolverton, W. L., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Freeman, K. B. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Medicine and Morals, Craving and Compulsion
Morse, S. J. (2004) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1081/ja-120029985 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Animal models of social contact and drug self-administration
Strickland, J. C., & Smith, M. A. (2015) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Impulsive choice, alcohol consumption, and pre‐exposure to delayed rewards: II. Potential mechanisms
Stein, J. S., Renda, C. R., Hinnenkamp, J. E., & Madden, G. J. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.116 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Impulsive choice, as measured in a delay discounting paradigm, remains stable after chronic heroin administration
Harty, S. C., Whaley, J. E., Halperin, J. M., & Ranaldi, R. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Closer Look at the Effects of Repeated Cocaine Exposure on Adaptive Decision-Making under Conditions That Promote Goal-Directed Control
Halbout, B., Liu, A. T., & Ostlund, S. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00044 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sex differences and hormonal modulation of ethanol-enhanced risk taking in rats
Wallin-Miller, K. G., Chesley, J., Castrillon, J., & Wood, R. I. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.023 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Impaired Formation of Stimulus–Response, But Not Action–Outcome, Associations in Rats with Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity
Son, J., Latimer, C., & Keefe, K. A. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.131 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Drug specificity in drug versus food choice in male rats.
Tunstall, B. J., Riley, A. L., & Kearns, D. N. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0037019 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effects of Voluntary Alcohol Intake on Risk Preference and Behavioral Flexibility during Rat Adolescence
McMurray, M. S., Amodeo, L. R., & Roitman, J. D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100697 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Reciprocal Influences of Perceived Risk for Alcoholism and Alcohol Use Over Time: Evidence for Aversive Transmission of Parental Alcoholism
Haller, M. M., & Chassin, L. (2010) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2010.71.588 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The effect of morphine dependence on impulsive choice in rats
Harvey-Lewis, C., Perdrizet, J. E., & Franklin, K. B. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2738-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of developmental nicotine exposure in rats on decision-making in adulthood
Mitchell, M. R., Mendez, I. A., Vokes, C. M., Damborsky, J. C., Winzer‐Serhan, U. H., & Setlow, B. (2011) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32834eb04a · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin
Russo, M., Funk, D. R., Loughlin, A., Coen, K. M., & Lê, A. D. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0101-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Adolescent cocaine exposure simplifies orbitofrontal cortical dendritic arbors
DePoy, L. M., Perszyk, R. E., Zimmermann, K. S., Koleske, A. J., & Gourley, S. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00228 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Performance under a Go/No-go task in rats selected for high and low impulsivity with a delay-discounting procedure
Anker, J. J., Zlebnik, N. E., Gliddon, L. A., & Carroll, M. E. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283305ea2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Concurrent access to nicotine and sucrose in rats
Panlilio, L. V., Hogarth, L., & Shoaib, M. C. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3787-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Preclinical Validation of a Novel Cocaine Exposure Therapy for Relapse Prevention
Mihindou, C., Vouillac‐Mendoza, C., Koob, G. F., & Ahmed, S. H. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.036 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Shallow discounting of delayed cocaine by male rhesus monkeys when immediate food is the choice alternative.
Huskinson, S. L., Myerson, J., Green, L., Rowlett, J. K., Woolverton, W. L., & Freeman, K. B. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000098 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Trait differences in response to chronic nicotine and nicotine withdrawal in rats
Kolokotroni, K. Z., Rodgers, R. J., & Harrison, A. A. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3270-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Decision making in the pathway from genes to psychiatric and substance use disorders
Kendler, K. S. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.151 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Familial transmission of alcohol use: II. Imitation of and aversion to parent drinking (1960) by adult offspring (1977)--Tecumseh, Michigan.
Harburg, E., DiFranceisco, W. J., Webster, D. W., et al. (1990) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1990.51.245 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Choice between delayed food and immediate oxycodone in rats
Secci, M. E., Factor, J., Schindler, C. W., & Panlilio, L. V. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4429-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effects of acute and sub-chronic nicotine on impulsive choice in rats in a probabilistic delay-discounting task
Kelsey, J. E., & Niraula, A. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-2984-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Impulsive Choice Predicts Anxiety‐Like Behavior, but not Alcohol or Sucrose Consumption, in Male Long‐Evans Rats
Stein, J. S., Renda, C. R., Barker, S. M., Liston, K. J., Shahan, T. A., & Madden, G. J. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12713 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Risky choice and brain CRF after adolescent ethanol vapor exposure and social stress in adulthood
Boutros, N., Der‐Avakian, A., Semenova, S., Lee, S., & Markou, A. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.038 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Habitual nicotine-seeking in rats following limited training
Loughlin, A., Funk, D. R., Coen, K., & Lê, A. D. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4655-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Altered performance in a rat gambling task after acute and repeated alcohol exposure
Spoelder, M., Lesscher, H. M. B., Hesseling, P., Baars, A. M., Klooster, J. G. L. T., Mijnsbergen, R., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4020-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Misdeed of the need: towards computational accounts of transition to addiction
Keramati, M., Ahmed, S. H., & Gutkin, B. S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.014 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rapid delivery of cocaine facilitates acquisition of self-administration in rats: An effect masked by paired stimuli
Schindler, C. W., Cogan, E. S., Thorndike, E. B., & Panlilio, L. V. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The effect of acute morphine on delay discounting in dependent and non-dependent rats
Harvey-Lewis, C., & Franklin, K. B. J. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3724-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Brain Stimulation Reward Supports More Consistent and Accurate Rodent Decision-Making than Food Reward
McMurray, M. S., Conway, S. M., & Roitman, J. D. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0015-17.2017 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The involvement of interoceptive factors in the maintenance of heroin-seeking behavior
Madden, C. C., Singer, G. H. S., & Oei, T. P. S. (1979) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90122-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A94 ABSENCE OF DRUG SIGNALS PREVENTS THE INITIATION OF COCAINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION
Keiflin, R., Ahmed, S. H., & Cador, M. (2005) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-200509001-00167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development
Koob, G. F. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000083 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Authors: Ahmed, S. H.
Affiliations: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author: Ahmed, Serge H.
ORCID: Ahmed, Serge H.
Venue: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-01
Volume: 164
Pages: 22-31
ISSN: 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.005
OpenAlex: W2735140391
Cited by: 39
References: 162
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 0.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders: French Research Council (CNRS)
Université de Bordeaux, the French National Agency ((ANR-12-SAMA-003)
Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM DPA20140629788)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords: drug addiction, individual decision-making, rodent models, drug initiation, relapse, impulsivity, risk-taking, species differences, addiction vulnerability
MeSH terms: Animals, Decision Making, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Reward, Rodentia, Causality, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Individual decision-making in the causal pathway to addiction: contributions and limitations of rodent models

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks