Cited by 375Treatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

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Animal models of major depression and their clinical implications

Czéh, Boldizsár, Fuchs, Eberhard, Wiborg, Ove, Simon, Mária·2016·Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.004

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Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a common, complex, and potentially life-threatening mental disorder that imposes a severe social and economic burden worldwide. Over the years, numerous animal models have been established to elucidate pathophysiology that underlies depression and to test novel antidepressant treatment strategies. Despite these substantial efforts, the animal models available currently are of limited utility for these purposes, probably because none of the models mimics this complex disorder fully. It is presumable that psychiatric illnesses, such as affective disorders, are related to the complexity of the human brain. Here, we summarize the animal models that are used most commonly for depression, and discuss their advantages and limitations. We discuss genetic models, including the recently developed optogenetic tools and the stress models, such as the social stress, chronic mild stress, learned helplessness, and early-life stress paradigms. Moreover, we summarize briefly the olfactory bulbectomy model, as well as models that are based on pharmacological manipulations and disruption of the circadian rhythm. Finally, we highlight common misinterpretations and often-neglected important issues in this field.

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“Animal models of depression have also shown a reduction in the volume of some regions of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation (Hains et al., 2009; Czeh et al., 2016) with decreases in the length and complexity of dendrites and reduced number of dendritic spines.”
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Authors: Czéh, B., Fuchs, E., Wiborg, O., & Simon, M.
Affiliations: Aarhus University (DK)
German Primate Center (DE)
University of Pecs (HU)
Corresponding author: Czéh, Boldizsár
ORCID: Czéh, Boldizsár
Wiborg, Ove
Simon, Mária
Venue: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-01
Volume: 64
Pages: 293-310
ISSN: 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.004
OpenAlex: W1978343268
Semantic Scholar: 0da6df41578259009c908495102e570eae27700e
Cited by: 375
References: 233
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 22
FWCI: 20.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Funders: Hungarian Brain Research Program “B” (KTIA_NAP_13-2014-0019)
Lundbeck Foundation (R83-A7631)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: major depressive disorder, animal models of depression, optogenetics, social stress, chronic mild stress, learned helplessness, early life stress, olfactory bulbectomy, circadian rhythm disruption, depression pathophysiology
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Humans

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Animal models of major depression and their clinical implications

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