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Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: key conceptual issues
Open accessAbstract
For many years, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was thought to be a childhood-onset disorder that has a limited effect on adult psychopathology. However, the symptoms and impairments that define ADHD often affect the adult population, with similar responses to drugs such as methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, and atomoxetine, and psychosocial interventions, to those seen in children and adolescents. As a result, awareness of ADHD in adults has rapidly increased and new clinical practice has emerged across the world. Despite this progress, treatment of adult ADHD in Europe and many other regions of the world is not yet common practice, and diagnostic services are often unavailable or restricted to a few specialist centres. This situation is remarkable given the strong evidence base for safe and effective treatments. Here we address some of the key conceptual issues surrounding the diagnosis of ADHD relevant to practising health-care professionals working with adult populations. We conclude that ADHD should be recognised in the same way as other common adult mental health disorders, and that failure to recognise and treat ADHD is detrimental to the wellbeing of many patients seeking help for common mental health problems.
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Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
Kooij, J. J. S., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., Thome, J., Dom, G., Kasper, S., Nunes Filipe, C., et al. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001 · Cited by 686
Self-citationLive fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan
Franke, B., Michelini, G., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bilbow, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S. V., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., et al. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001 · Cited by 643
Self-citationTreatment strategies for ADHD: an evidence-based guide to select optimal treatment
Caye, A., Swanson, J. M., Coghill, D., & Rohde, L. A. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0116-3 · Cited by 303
Self-citationHinshaw, S. P. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084917 · Cited by 282
Metadata
- Authors
- Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Faraone, S. V., & Rohde, L. A.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Asherson, Philip
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 568-578
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2347548955
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for mental health, NIHR/MRC (14/23/17)
- Action Medical Research (GN 2315)
- European Union (643051, 602805, 667303)
- National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (grant number 304678/2010-4)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, ADHD diagnosis, ADHD treatment, methylphenidate, d-amphetamine, atomoxetine, psychosocial interventions, adult mental health, underdiagnosis, conceptual difficulties
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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