The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A circumplex model of affect.
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“''Affective BCIs'' [97], [98] are often based on the so-called ''valence-arousal'' 2D space [99] to de ne emotional classes of interest.”
From Hands-Free Accessible Digital Musical Instruments: Conceptual Framework, Challenges, and Perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [99]
In the citing paper
“One factor that has undoubtedly contributed to the poor characterization of PA’s role in smoking behavior and abstinence is that many EMA studies examining affect as a predictor of craving or smoking behavior subscribed to the circumplex model of emotion, which suggests that NA and PA are not independent factors of emotion and are, in fact, bipolar ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1”
From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980
In the citing paper
“In other words, these pilot data were not consistent with the circumplex model of emotion often utilized in EMA smoking studies which posits that NA and PA represent opposing ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1980; Russell & Carroll, 1999; Shiffman, 2013)”
From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980
In the citing paper
“Anxiety represents a state of high arousal and negative valence6 and results in enhanced vigilance in the absence of an immediate threat7.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“One alternative view, derived from studies of emotional language and supported by Russell and colleagues (Russell, 1980;Russell & Carroll, 1999), is that valence is a bipolar dimension bisected by intensity.Emotions are then distributed in a circle, or circumplex, around a neutral valence point and moderate intensity”
From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980
In the citing paper
“Others have extended this model to emotional memory for images, facial expressions, language, and experiences (Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2001;Osgood, 1966;Robinson, 1980;Russell, 1980).”
From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980
In the citing paper
“They found that the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal was the most beneficial, which is a measure of the eccrine sweat glands [14,15].”
From Food and Mood: Just-in-Time Support for Emotional Eating (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
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“This decision was premised on the assumption that emotion intensity is a composite of valence and arousal [40].”
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“The first four were indicators of high arousal, whereas the last indicated low arousal (Russell, 1980; 2009) and therefore was reverse-coded.”
BackgroundEmotional intensity: measurement and theoretical implications
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Genetically identified amygdala–striatal circuits for valence-specific behaviors
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“These measures were chosen for two reasons: In the original study, we were interested in capturing physiological correlates of arousal (skin conductance and heart rate) and valence (zygomaticus major and currogator supercilii EMG) as two main components of affect [29, 30].”
BackgroundKragel, P. A., & LaBar, K. S. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0031820 · Cited by 134
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Smoking patterns and dependence: Contrasting chippers and heavy smokers.
Shiffman, S., & Paty, J. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.509 · Cited by 190
Affective traits link to reliable neural markers of incentive anticipation
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A coordinated analysis of variance in affect in daily life
Scott, S. B., Sliwinski, M. J., Zawadzki, M., Stawski, R. S., Kim, J., Marcusson-Clavertz, D., Lanza, S. T., Conroy, D. E., Buxton, O., Almeida, D. M., et al. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118799460 · Cited by 115
Carvalho, H. W. D., Andreoli, S. B., Lara, D. R., Patrick, C. J., Quintana, M. I., Bressan, R. A., Melo, M. F. D., Mari, J. D. J., & Jorge, M. R. (2013) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0957 · Cited by 126
Cocaine craving and use during daily life
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EMMA: an emotion-aware wellbeing chatbot
Ghandeharioun, A., McDuff, D., Czerwinski, M., & Rowan, K. (2019) · 2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII) · doi:10.1109/acii.2019.8925455 · Cited by 126
“1) based on Russel’s two-dimensional model of emotion [43].”
MethodThe hedonic character of nostalgia: an integrative data analysis
Leunissen, J., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Routledge, C. (2021) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073920950455 · Cited by 119
“These models conceptualize happiness and sadness as opposites of a bipolar valence dimension (Barrett, 2006; Barrett & Bliss-Moreau, 2009; Russell, 1980; Watson & Tellegen, 1985).”
BackgroundInfluentialRickard, N., Arjmand, H.-A., Bakker, D., & Seabrook, E. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.6202 · Cited by 118
“The type of event was selected from a range of options drawn from stressor event questionnaires [61-65] and modified as a short list of the most common event domains (eg, school or work, physical health, material possessions, or social experience domain).”
Prediger's dimensional representation of Holland's RIASEC circumplex.
Rounds, J., & Tracey, T. J. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.875 · Cited by 218
Distinct brain systems underlie the processing of valence and arousal of affective pictures
Nielen, M. M. A., Heslenfeld, D. J., Heinen, K., Van Strien, J. W., Witter, M. P., Jonker, C., & Veltman, D. J. (2009) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.05.007 · Cited by 114
Lingiardi, V., Carone, N., Semeraro, G., Musto, C., D’Amico, M., & Brena, S. (2020) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2019.1607903 · Cited by 113
“A lexicon-based approach to semantic content analysis was employed to determine the valence of the Tweets (Russell 1980), dealing with the abovementioned challenges in applying sentiment analysis to Twitter.”
MethodIndividual differences in intraperson variability in mood.
Penner, L. A., Shiffman, S., Paty, J. A., & Fritzsche, B. A. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.712 · Cited by 112
Putting the pieces together: reviewing the structural conceptualization of motivation within SDT
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Morin, A. J. S. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-020-09838-2 · Cited by 109
“Circumplex structures are widely used in psychology, for example to represent affect (e.g., Russell, 1980).”
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Leadership and affect: moving the hearts and minds of followers
van Knippenberg, D., & van Kleef, G. A. (2016) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2016.1160515 · Cited by 136
“Affect circumplex models (Larsen, Diener, & Lucas, 2002; Russell, 1980) differentiate affective states along two dimensions.”
A multitask framework to detect depression, sentiment and multi-label emotion from suicide notes
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Natural history of nicotine withdrawal
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“Our approach was guided by the circumplex model of affect, which consists of two axes or dimensions, valence and arousal (Posner, Russell, & Peterson, 2005; Russell, 1980).”
MethodRitchie, T., Skowronski, J. J., Hartnett, J., Wells, B., & Walker, W. R. (2009) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210902791665 · Cited by 100
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Personalized feedback on symptom dynamics of psychopathology: A proof-of-principle study
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“When affective states are rated in a valence-arousal two-dimensional space or grid (Russell, 1980; Russell, Weiss, & Mendelsohn, 1989) four quadrants are created: stress, excitement, depression and relaxation.”
BackgroundJohnson, S. L., Elliott, M. V., & Carver, C. S. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.018 · Cited by 90
“The LC is the dominant source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, and dynamic fluctuations in NE correlate with subjective arousal (55), which is present with intense positive and negative emotions (56).”
BackgroundIndividual differences in the context of smoking lapse episodes
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Micro-valences: perceiving affective valence in everyday objects
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Situational Correlates of Abstinence Self-Efficacy.
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De Silva, D., Ranasinghe, W., Bandaragoda, T., Adikari, A., Mills, N., Iddamalgoda, L., Alahakoon, D., Lawrentschuk, N., Persad, R., Osipov, E., et al. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205855 · Cited by 86
“These range from the two-dimensional valence-arousal model [63] to multi-dimensional models such as emotion wheel [64].”
Respiratory responses during affective picture viewing
Gomez, P., Stahel, W. A., & Danuser, B. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.013 · Cited by 84
Affective responses to exercise are dependent on intensity rather than total work
KILPATRICK, M., KRAEMER, R., BARTHOLOMEW, J., ACEVEDO, E., & JARREAU, D. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31806ad73c · Cited by 83
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Affective states classification using EEG and semi-supervised deep learning approaches
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“D model of emotion [9], which included scores for arousal, valence, liking, dominance and familiarity.”
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Krannitz, M. A., Grandey, A. A., Liu, S., & Almeida, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038763 · Cited by 81
“These two states of exhaustion and anxiety are both unpleasant but are differentiated by their activation or physiological arousal, and thus their behavioral tendencies (Russell, 1980).”
The Affect System: What Lurks below the Surface of Feelings?
Cacioppo, J. T., Larsen, J. T., Smith, N. K., & Berntson, G. G. (2004) · Feelings and Emotions · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511806582.014 · Cited by 80
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“Both happiness and anger are high-arousal emotions, with happiness being considered a positive high-arousal emotion and anger a negative high-arousal emotion (Russell, 1980).”
The social brain automatically predicts others’ future mental states
Thornton, M. A., Weaverdyck, M. E., & Tamir, D. I. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1431-18.2018 · Cited by 76
“Theories of this sort, such as the circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980; Posner et al., 2005), have long proven useful for making sense of their respective domains.”
BackgroundPose Space Deformation: A Unified Approach to Shape Interpolation and Skeleton-Driven Deformation
Lewis, J. P., Cordner, M., & Fong, N. (2023) · Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 2 · doi:10.1145/3596711.3596796 · Cited by 76
Do Deepfakes Feel Emotions? A Semantic Approach to Detecting Deepfakes Via Emotional Inconsistencies
Hosler, B., Salvi, D., Murray, A., Antonacci, F., Bestagini, P., Tubaro, S., & Stamm, M. C. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw53098.2021.00112 · Cited by 78
“In the second case, emotions are described by means of the values of quantitative features, such as valence and arousal and organized in a two-dimensional circumplex space [48].”
BackgroundThe role of arousal in the spontaneous regulation of emotions in healthy aging: a fMRI investigation
Dolcos, S., Katsumi, Y., & Dixon, R. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00681 · Cited by 73
“Valence refers to the direction of an emotional response (positive or negative), whereas arousal refers to the magnitude of the response (exciting, agitating, or calming, subduing; Russell, 1980).”
BackgroundEmotional regulation strategies in daily life: the intensity of emotions and regulation choice
Kozubal, M., Szuster, A., & Wielgopolan, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218694 · Cited by 77
“The intensity [and thus the arousal which is correlated with it; (Russell, 1980)] was, in a way, a risk factor for rumination.”
BackgroundThe sleep benefit in episodic memory: An integrative review and a meta-analysis.
Berres, S., & Erdfelder, E. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000350 · Cited by 74
Scherer, K. R., Johnstone, & Klasmeyer, G. (2002) · Handbook of Affective Sciences · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.003.0023 · Cited by 426
For the Israel Study Group on First Acute Myocardial Infarction, Benyamini, Y., Roziner, I., Goldbourt, U., Drory, Y., & Gerber, Y. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9509-3 · Cited by 65
Physical activity and negative affective reactivity in daily life
Puterman, E., Weiss, J., Beauchamp, M. R., Mogle, J., & Almeida, D. M. (2017) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000532 · Cited by 65
“Affect is the conscious experience of neurophysiological states, marked by its valence and arousal (Russell, 1980; Russell & Barrett, 1999).”
Cooper, S., Hutchings, P., Butterworth, J., Joseph, S., Kebede, A., Parker, A., Terefe, B., & Van Koppen, B. (2019) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101994 · Cited by 66
Walking and Being Outdoors in Nature Increase Positive Affect and Energy
Fuegen, K., & Breitenbecher, K. H. (2018) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2017.0036 · Cited by 63
“According to the circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980), the affective space is defined by two bipolar and orthogonal dimensions: valence and activation (see also Ekkekakis, Hall, VanLanduyt, & Petruzzello, 2000).”
The mediating role of affect in the relationship between need satisfaction and autonomous motivation
Vandercammen, L., Hofmans, J., & Theuns, P. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12032 · Cited by 64
Ćosić, K., Popović, S., Kukolja, D., Horvat, M., & Dropuljić, B. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0260 · Cited by 62
Antoine, J.-Y., Villaneau, J., & Lefeuvre, A. (2014) · Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1058 · Cited by 64
“Krippendorff’s (2004) criterion of significance is therefore satisfied here too.”
BackgroundMethodChemical Fingerprints of Emotional Body Odor
Smeets, M. A. M., Rosing, E. A. E., Jacobs, D. M., van Velzen, E., Koek, J. H., Blonk, C., Gortemaker, I., Eidhof, M. B., Markovitch, B., de Groot, J., et al. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo10030084 · Cited by 59
“Effects of emotion induction (fear, neutral, happy) on self‐reported emotional state: (A) Spider plot showing participants’ emotion profiles on affective circumplex [46]; (B) experienced core affect (valence, arousal) on affect grid [47]; (C) experienced discrete emotions.”
MethodInfluentialFood and Mood: Just-in-Time Support for Emotional Eating
Carroll, E. A., Czerwinski, M., Roseway, A., Kapoor, A., Johns, P., Rowan, K., & Schraefel, M. C. (2013) · 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction · doi:10.1109/acii.2013.48 · Cited by 64
Affective brain–computer music interfacing
Daly, I., Williams, D., Kirke, A., Weaver, J., Malik, A., Hwang, F., Miranda, E., & Nasuto, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/4/046022 · Cited by 59
“…presented with FEELTRACE a two-dimensional on-screen tool for reporting affective states on a moment by moment basis, in which participants use a mouse to position a cursor within the arousal-valence circumplex space ( Russell 1980 ) that best matches how they currently feel ( Cowie et al 2000 ) .”
MethodEmotion Recognition and Depression Diagnosis by Acoustic and Visual Features: A Multimodal Approach
Sidorov, M., & Minker, W. (2014) · Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge · doi:10.1145/2661806.2661816 · Cited by 56
“There is even a baseline psychology- and physiology-based continuous measurements forming Russell’s Emotion Circumplex [14] which cover the wide range of human emotions.”
BackgroundVenhorst, A., Micklewright, D., & Noakes, T. D. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0986-1 · Cited by 54
Komulainen, E., Heikkilä, R., Nummenmaa, L., Raij, T. T., Harmer, C. J., Isometsä, E., & Ekelund, J. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.096 · Cited by 56
“The questionnaire consisted of words adapted from Russel's circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980) and was answered on a Vve-point Likert”
MethodHuang, R., & Bu, H.-M. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s387241 · Cited by 56
“In addition, although tranquility describes an emotional state of low arousal, it contains positive emotional states, such as peace, calm, relaxation, joy, happiness, satisfaction, comfort, and serenity.(108,109) As a unique rural form of tranquility, rural lifestyle is associated with positive arousal.”
BackgroundA Review of Emotion-Aware Systems for e-Learning in Virtual Environments
Feidakis, M. (2016) · Formative Assessment, Learning Data Analytics and Gamification · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803637-2.00011-7 · Cited by 54
Emotion word processing: does mood make a difference?
Sereno, S. C., Scott, G. G., Yao, B., Thaden, E. J., & O'Donnell, P. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01191 · Cited by 53
“…J. O’Donnell 1 1 School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, 2 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, 3 Applied Psychology Research Group, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK, 4 School of…”
BackgroundSeah, T. H. S., Aurora, P., & Coifman, K. G. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.05.011 · Cited by 51
Using emotion in games: emotional flowers
Bernhaupt, R., Boldt, A., Mirlacher, T., Wilfinger, D., & Tscheligi, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology · doi:10.1145/1255047.1255056 · Cited by 51
Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals
Strack, J., & Esteves, F. (2015) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.931942 · Cited by 52
“…of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Expanded Form (PANAS-X) (Watson & Clark, 1994), as representing most closely the emotions experienced in anxiety-related states in terms of the circumplex model of affect (high activation and negatively valenced emotions; Feldman, 1995; Russell, 1980).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMULTIMODAL AFFECT MODELING AND RECOGNITION FOR EMPATHIC ROBOT COMPANIONS
CASTELLANO, G., LEITE, I., PEREIRA, A., MARTINHO, C., PAIVA, A., & MCOWAN, P. W. (2013) · International Journal of Humanoid Robotics · doi:10.1142/s0219843613500102 · Cited by 51
Soundy, A., Roskell, C., Elder, T., Collett, J., & Dawes, H. (2016) · Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.4236/ojtr.2016.41003 · Cited by 48
Plasencia, M. L., Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615622204 · Cited by 48
“The items reflect the pleasure pole of the affect circumplex and display good construct validity in terms of relationships with a range of affect measures (e.g., Posner, Russell, & Peterson, 2005; Russell, 1980; Yik, Russell, & Steiger, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodTesting mood-activated psychological markers for suicidal ideation
Cha, C. B., O'Connor, R. C., Kirtley, O., Cleare, S., Wetherall, K., Eschle, S., Tezanos, K. M., & Nock, M. K. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000358 · Cited by 47
“Transient mood was assessed using a two-dimensional visual analog scale aligned with the circumplex model of affect (Russell, 1980).”
MethodMomentary mood and coping processes in TMD pain
Litt, M. D., Shafer, D., & Napolitano, C. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.4.354 · Cited by 47
Encoding fear intensity in human sweat
de Groot, J. H. B., Kirk, P. A., & Gottfried, J. A. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0271 · Cited by 45
“happy, sad, nervous, fatigued) from Russell’s circumplex model [36], which maps emotions in two-dimensional space containing arousal and valence dimensions.”
MethodSultana, M., Al-Jefri, M., & Lee, J. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/17818 · Cited by 46
“In addition, the majority of the previous studies are based on the circumplex model of affect [20], which considers only the pleasure and arousal dimensions (also known as core affect ).”
BackgroundAnterior insular cortex stimulation and its effects on emotion recognition
Motomura, K., Terasawa, Y., Natsume, A., Iijima, K., Chalise, L., Sugiura, J., Yamamoto, H., Koyama, K., Wakabayashi, T., & Umeda, S. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01895-9 · Cited by 44
“2013; Russell 1980), the present results are very compelling.”
Everything in moderation: The social effects of anger depend on its perceived intensity
Adam, H., & Brett, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.11.014 · Cited by 44
Pilot Study of Aurora, a Social, Mobile-Phone-Based Emotion Sharing and Recording System
Gay, G., Pollak, J. P., Adams, P., & Leonard, J. P. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500219 · Cited by 40
Social standards and social withdrawal
Alden, L. E., & Wallace, S. T. (1991) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172944 · Cited by 43
Sensorimotor Modulation of Mood and Depression: In Search of an Optimal Mode of Stimulation
Canbeyli, R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00428 · Cited by 42
Introduction and behavioral validation of the climate change distress and impairment scale
Hepp, J., Klein, S. A., Horsten, L. K., Urbild, J., & Lane, S. P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37573-4 · Cited by 41
“The inclusion of these four negative affects reflects the breadth of emotions relevant to climate change 10,27 , follows established emotion models 28 , and reflects common sources of psychopathology 29 .”
A transactional model of stress and coping applied to cyclist subjective experiences
Lim, T., Thompson, J., Tian, L., & Beck, B. (2023) · Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2023.05.013 · Cited by 42
Recognition of persisting emotional valence from EEG using convolutional neural networks
Yanagimoto, M., & Sugimoto, C. (2016) · 2016 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Applications (IWCIA) · doi:10.1109/iwcia.2016.7805744 · Cited by 43
“In ER (Emotion Recognition), there are studies which aim at recognizing emotional valence or arousal from the viewpoint of a circumplex model of affect[9].”
BackgroundOliver, E. J., Markland, D., & Hardy, J. (2010) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709909x477215 · Cited by 40
Bujarski, S., Roche, D. J. O., Sheets, E. S., Krull, J. L., Guzman, I., & Ray, L. A. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0038861 · Cited by 40
“…circumplex model of emotion often used in EMA smoking studies, which posits that NA and PA represent opposing ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1980; Russell & Carroll, 1999; Shiffman, 2013), and provide further evidence that these two variables should be examined as separate…”
Stress and Perception of Emotional Stimuli: Long-Term Stress Rewiring the Brain
Khosrowabadi, R., & Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, S. B. U. (2018) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.29252/nirp.bcn.9.2.107 · Cited by 39
“Therefore, to overcome this issue, it has been suggested to categorize emotions based on their valence and arousal levels (Ekman, 1999; Russell, 1980).”
The role of affect in suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Yamokoski, C. A., Scheel, K. R., & Rogers, J. R. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00019.x · Cited by 39
Staw, B. M., DeCelles, K. A., & de Goey, P. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000418 · Cited by 39
EEG-based emotion recognition with autoencoder feature fusion and MSC-TimesNet model
Yin, J., Qiao, Z., Han, L., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1080/10255842.2025.2477801 · Cited by 41
“A representative theory of the 2D emotion model is the V / A (valence/arousal) model proposed by Russell (1980), which describes emotions using two fundamental dimensions: arousal and valence, as shown in Figure 1.”
Beyond the west: Chemosignaling of emotions transcends ethno-cultural boundaries
de Groot, J. H. B., van Houtum, L. A. E. M., Gortemaker, I., Ye, Y., Chen, W., Zhou, W., & Smeets, M. A. M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.005 · Cited by 37
“Sixteen items from the affective circumplex (Russell, 1980), including “happy” and “sad”, were complemented by four remaining discrete emotion terms (i.e., surprise, anger, fear, and disgust), to gain a completer understanding of senders’ emotional experience.”
Transfer learning emotion manifestation across music and speech
Coutinho, E., Deng, J., & Schuller, B. (2014) · 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889814 · Cited by 36
“Emotions were quantified using a two-dimensional model of affect consisting of Arousal and Valence dimensions ([22]).”
MethodMuhammad, F., Hussain, M., & Aboalsamh, H. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13050977 · Cited by 36
“Moreover, Ekman et al. [59] and Russell [60] resented theories for identifying and categorizing emotional stimuli.”
Hussain, M. S., Calvo, R. A., & Chen, F. (2014) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwt032 · Cited by 34
Bobko, P., Hirshfield, L., Eloy, L., Spencer, C., Doherty, E., Driscoll, J., & Obolsky, H. (2023) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2022.2086644 · Cited by 33
“Emotional state is often assessed on two dimensions—valence and arousal (Russell 1980).”
BackgroundAcute Effects of a Short Bout of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Sport Students
Niedermeier, M., Weiss, E. M., Steidl-Müller, L., Burtscher, M., & Kopp, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103678 · Cited by 33
“Two-dimensional single-item scales based on the Circumplex model [30] were used to assess affective states of valence (pleasure) and arousal: The Feeling Scale assesses affective valence using eleven answer possibilities ranging from “very good” (+5) to “very bad” (−5) [31,32].”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, J. A.
- Corresponding author
- Russell, James A.
- ORCID
- Russell, James A.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1980-12
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1161-1178
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2149628368
- Cited by
- 16,334
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1046 · 2025: 1188 · 2024: 1163 · 2023: 1110 · 2022: 1098 · 2021: 1182 · 2020: 1089 · 2019: 967 · 2018: 794 · 2017: 698 · 2016: 698 · 2015: 698 · 2014: 690 · 2013: 630 · 2012: 489
- FWCI
- 8.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- affect, circumplex model, emotions, valence, arousal, affective domain
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