Cited by 1,935

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The diverse CB1and CB2receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin

Open access

Pertwee, R G·2008·British Journal of Pharmacology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Cannabis sativa is the source of a unique set of compounds known collectively as plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids. This review focuses on the manner with which three of these compounds, (−)‐trans‐Δ 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9‐THC), (−)‐cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)‐trans‐Δ 9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ 9‐THCV), interact with cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors. Δ 9‐THC, the main psychotropic constituent of cannabis, is a CB 1 and CB 2 receptor partial agonist and in line with classical pharmacology, the responses it elicits appear to be strongly influenced both by the expression level and signalling efficiency of cannabinoid receptors and by ongoing endogenous cannabinoid release. CBD displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB 1/CB 2 receptor agonists in CB 1‐ and CB 2‐expressing cells or tissues, the manner with which it interacts with CB 2 receptors providing a possible explanation for its ability to inhibit evoked immune cell migration. Δ 9‐THCV behaves as a potent CB 2 receptor partial agonist in vitro. In contrast, it antagonizes cannabinoid receptor agonists in CB 1‐expressing tissues. This it does with relatively high potency and in a manner that is both tissue and ligand dependent. Δ 9‐THCV also interacts with CB 1 receptors when administered in vivo, behaving either as a CB 1 antagonist or, at higher doses, as a CB 1 receptor agonist. Brief mention is also made in this review, first of the production by Δ 9‐THC of pharmacodynamic tolerance, second of current knowledge about the extent to which Δ 9‐THC, CBD and Δ 9‐THCV interact with pharmacological targets other than CB 1 or CB 2 receptors, and third of actual and potential therapeutic applications for each of these cannabinoids. British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)153, 199–215; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442; published online 10 September 2007

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346561a0 · Cited by 5,011
Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain.
Herkenham, M., Lynn, A. B., Little, M. D., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., de Costa, B. R., & Rice, K. C. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1932 · Cited by 2,321
2-Arachidonoylgylcerol: A Possible Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand in Brain
Sugiura, T., Kondo, S., Sukagawa, A., Nakane, S., Shinoda, A., Itoh, K., Yamashita, A., & Waku, K. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2437 · Cited by 2,196
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor
Ryberg, E., Larsson, N., Sjögren, S., Hjorth, S., Hermansson, N., Leonova, J., Elebring, T., Nilsson, K., Drmota, T., & Greasley, P. J. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460 · Cited by 1,568
Identification and Functional Characterization of Brainstem Cannabinoid CB2Receptors
Van Sickle, M. D., Duncan, M., Kingsley, P. J., Mouihate, A., Urbani, P., Mackie, K., Stella, N., Makriyannis, A., Piomelli, D., Davison, J. S., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1115740 · Cited by 1,470
Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression
Carrier, E. J., Auchampach, J. A., & Hillard, C. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511232103 · Cited by 497
Endocannabinoid signaling system and brain reward: emphasis on dopamine
GARDNER, E. (2005) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.032 · Cited by 387
CB2 receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms
Beltramo, M., Bernardini, N., Bertorelli, R., Campanella, M., Nicolussi, E., Fredduzzi, S., & Reggiani, A. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04684.x · Cited by 290
Peripheral nerve injury induces cannabinoid receptor 2 protein expression in rat sensory neurons
Wotherspoon, G., Fox, A., McIntyre, P., Colley, S., Bevan, S., & Winter, J. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.009 · Cited by 251

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 170

10.1074/jbc.M608900200 · DOI
10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.001 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704829 · DOI
10.1074/jbc.271.17.9902 · DOI
10.1007/s00213-002-1144-9 · DOI
10.1002/syn.1075 · DOI
Bifulco M, 2007, Endocannabinoids as emerging suppressors of angiogenesis and tumor invasion (review), Oncol Rep, 17, 813
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327 · DOI · Paper page
10.1096/fj.06-6638fje · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.043 · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.038 · DOI
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732447.x · DOI · Paper page
10.1124/mol.60.1.155 · DOI · Paper page
10.1002/bms.1200150708 · DOI
10.1021/jm950934b · DOI
Cabral GA, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 385
10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.001 · DOI
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0169 · DOI · Paper page
Cawthorne MA, 2007, Symposium on the Cannabinoids
10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00208-1 · DOI
10.1208/aapsj080113 · DOI
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04816.x · DOI
10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02825-6 · DOI
10.1016/0091-3057(82)90418-X · DOI
10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.019 · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.018 · DOI
10.1097/00008877-200402000-00001 · DOI
DennisI WhalleyB StephensG(2007).Effects of cannabinoids on [35S]GTPγS binding in specific regions of the mouse brain. Poster P041 at theJoint Focused Meeting/3rd European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research University of Nottingham UK 20 and 21 April 2007. Focused Meeting of the British Pharmacological Society.
10.1126/science.1470919 · DOI · Paper page
Dewey WL, 1986, Cannabinoid pharmacology, Pharmacol Rev, 38, 151
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752434.x · DOI · Paper page
Di Marzo V, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 147
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.008 · DOI
Felder CC, 1995, Comparison of the pharmacology and signal transduction of the human cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, Mol Pharmacol, 48, 443
10.1007/BF01065669 · DOI
10.1517/13543784.14.6.695 · DOI
Gauson LA, 2007, Symposium on the Cannabinoids
10.1038/228134a0 · DOI
10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.035 · DOI · Paper page
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09356.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09356.x
10.1038/nrc1188 · DOI · Paper page
Guzmán M, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 627
10.1038/sj.bjc.6603236 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00157-0 · DOI
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05476.x · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.024 · DOI
10.1124/mol.105.019174 · DOI
10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.009 · DOI
10.1159/000136462 · DOI
10.1124/pr.54.2.161 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00219-9 · DOI · Paper page
Iwamura H, 2001, In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of JTE‐907, a novel selective ligand for cannabinoid CB2 receptor, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 296, 420, 10.1016/S0022-3565(24)38760-9 · DOI
10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00892-8 · DOI
Izzo AA, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 573
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704293 · DOI · Paper page
10.1097/00008877-200509000-00009 · DOI
10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<257::AID-ANA18>3.0.CO;2-P · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<257::aid-ana18>3.0.co;2-p
10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.026 · DOI
10.1007/s00210-006-0033-x · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.005 · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.025 · DOI
10.1152/ajpgi.00407.2005 · DOI · Paper page
10.1093/jb/mvi021 · DOI
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03873.x · DOI
10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.005 · DOI
10.1093/bja/aei098 · DOI
10.1124/jpet.104.077974 · DOI · Paper page
10.1172/JCI107431 · doi:10.1172/jci107431
Lichtman AH, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 691
10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.014 · DOI
10.1124/jpet.105.093500 · DOI
Ma Y‐L, 2006, The phytocannabinoid Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin modulates synaptic transmission at central inhibitory synapses, Proc Br Pharmacol Soc
10.1038/sj.bjp.0701915 · DOI
MacLennan SJ, 1998, Symposium on the Cannabinoids
10.1016/j.tins.2006.01.008 · DOI · Paper page
10.1517/14728222.11.3.403 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704220 · DOI
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03380.x · DOI · Paper page
10.1038/nm1561 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/0091-3057(91)90349-7 · DOI · Paper page
10.1172/JCI200419465 · DOI
10.1016/j.tem.2006.11.006 · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/s11060-004-5950-2 · DOI
McHugh D, 2005, Symposium on the Cannabinoids
10.1182/blood-2002-01-0098 · DOI · Paper page
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706415 · DOI
10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-D · DOI · Paper page
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707261 · DOI
10.1038/232579a0 · DOI
10.1016/S0197-0186(01)00076-6 · DOI
10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.006 · DOI · Paper page
10.1006/bbrc.2002.6635 · DOI
10.1016/j.pbb.2006.05.018 · DOI
10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.121 · DOI
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.09.009 · DOI
10.1007/3-7643-7358-X_10 · DOI
10.1007/s00213-002-1329-2 · DOI
10.1124/jpet.106.101287 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/0163-7258(88)90106-4 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327 · DOI · Paper page
10.2174/0929867306666220401124036 · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/s10681-004-4756-9 · DOI
Pertwee RG, 2004, Cannabinoids, 32
Pertwee RG, 2004, Novel pharmacological targets for cannabinoids, Curr Neuropharmacol, 2, 9, 10.2174/1570159043476927 · doi:10.2174/1570159043476927
Pertwee RG, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 1
10.1208/aapsj070364 · DOI
10.1007/3-7643-7358-X_3 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706406 · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/s12035-007-0005-2 · DOI
Pertwee RG, 2007, GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?, Br J Pharmacol
10.1054/plef.2001.0341 · DOI · Paper page
Pertwee RG, 2002, Cannabidiol antagonizes cannabinoid receptor agonists and noradrenaline in the mouse vas deferens, Eur J Pharmacol, 456, 99, 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02624-9 · DOI
Pertwee RG, 2007, Signs of cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation by tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol and cannabidiol, IACM Fourth Conference on Cannabinoids in Medicine
Pertwee RG, 2007, The Cannabinoid Receptors
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707124 · DOI
10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00238-0 · DOI
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.023 · DOI
10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03055-X · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707003 · DOI
Rakhshan F, 2000, Carrier‐mediated uptake of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in RBL‐2H3 cells, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 292, 960, 10.1016/S0022-3565(24)35376-5 · DOI
10.1021/jm970126f · DOI
10.1016/0014-5793(94)00773-X · DOI · Paper page
Robinson L, 2007, Phytocannabinoid induced anorexic behaviour in fasted and non‐fasted mice, IACM Fourth Conference on Cannabinoids in Medicine
Robson P, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 719
10.1016/S0028-3908(00)00135-0 · DOI · Paper page
10.1007/s11064-005-6978-1 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.10.003 · DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00819.x · DOI
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3410 · DOI
10.1007/s00213-006-0676-9 · DOI
10.1124/mol.55.1.8 · DOI
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04346.x · DOI
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.008 · DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-24-08057.1996 · DOI · Paper page
10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v15.i2.10 · DOI · Paper page
10.1124/jpet.102.035618 · DOI
10.1073/pnas.93.9.3984 · DOI · Paper page
10.1097/01.mol.0000245257.17764.b2 · DOI
10.1038/nature03389 · DOI · Paper page
10.1113/jphysiol.2005.091918 · DOI
10.1007/3-540-26573-2_11 · DOI · Paper page
10.1089/jop.2006.22.160 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707133 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.023 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706414 · DOI
10.1097/01.ijg.0000212260.04488.60 · DOI
10.1136/bjo.2003.032250 · DOI · Paper page
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02625.x · DOI
10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2003 · DOI
10.1124/jpet.104.080739 · DOI
Vaughan CW, 2005, Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 367
10.1038/37371 · DOI · Paper page
10.1124/jpet.103.051920 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01243-2 · DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01398.2003 · DOI · Paper page
10.1038/sj.bjp.0705667 · DOI · Paper page
10.1248/cpb.38.2317 · DOI
Weston S, 2006, Tetrahydrocannabivarin exhibits anticonvulsant effects in a piriform cortical brain slice model of epileptiform activity, Proc Br Pharmacol Soc
10.2174/092986707780363023 · DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706157 · DOI
Wiley JL, 2001, Novel pyrazole cannabinoids: insights into CB1 receptor recognition and activation, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 296, 1013, 10.1016/S0022-3565(24)38846-9 · DOI
10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.006 · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.006
10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.10.009 · DOI
10.1021/jm00241a012 · DOI
10.1189/jlb.0307159 · DOI
10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.06.014 · DOI
10.1186/1471-2377-6-12 · DOI · Paper page
10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02704.x · DOI · Paper page
10.1073/pnas.96.10.5780 · DOI · Paper page
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-11-04720.2002 · DOI

Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects.
Russo, E. B. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x · Cited by 1,535
Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Devinsky, O., Cilio, M. R., Cross, H., Fernandez‐Ruiz, J., French, J., Hill, C., Katz, R., Di Marzo, V., Jutras‐Aswad, D., Notcutt, W. G., et al. (2014) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.12631 · Cited by 1,000
Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid‐enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes
De Petrocellis, L., Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Allarà, M., Bisogno, T., Petrosino, S., Stott, C. G., & Di Marzo, V. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x · Cited by 946
Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid.
Gertsch, J., Leonti, M., Raduner, S., Racz, I., Chen, J.-Z., Xie, X.-Q., Altmann, K.-H., Karsak, M., & Zimmer, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0803601105 · Cited by 906
Opposite Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Human Brain Function and Psychopathology
Bhattacharyya, S., Morrison, P. D., Fusar-Poli, P., Martin-Santos, R., Borgwardt, S., Winton-Brown, T., Nosarti, C., O' Carroll, C. M., Seal, M., Allen, P., et al. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.184 · Cited by 680
Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of THC:CBD Extract and THC Extract in Patients with Intractable Cancer-Related Pain
Johnson, J. R., Burnell-Nugent, M., Lossignol, D., Ganae-Motan, E. D., Potts, R., & Fallon, M. T. (2010) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.06.008 · Cited by 622
Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent
Machado Bergamaschi, M., Helena Costa Queiroz, R., Waldo Zuardi, A., & Alexandre S. Crippa, J. (2011) · Current Drug Safety · doi:10.2174/157488611798280924 · Cited by 558
Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: A preliminary report
Crippa, J. A. S., Derenusson, G. N., Ferrari, T. B., Wichert-Ana, L., Duran, F. L., Martin-Santos, R., Simões, M. V., Bhattacharyya, S., Fusar-Poli, P., Atakan, Z., et al. (2011) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881110379283 · Cited by 535
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4 · Cited by 552
Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence
Crippa, J. A., Zuardi, A. W., Martín‐Santos, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2009) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1048 · Cited by 509
Potency Trends of Δ 9 ‐THC and Other Cannabinoids in Confiscated Cannabis Preparations from 1993 to 2008*
Mehmedic, Z., Chandra, S., Slade, D., Denham, H., Foster, S., Patel, A. S., Ross, S. A., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01441.x · Cited by 475
Cannabidiol, neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric disorders
Campos, A. C., Fogaça, M. V., Sonego, A. B., & Guimarães, F. S. (2016) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.033 · Cited by 446
Emerging strategies for exploiting cannabinoid receptor agonists as medicines
Pertwee, R. G. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00048.x · Cited by 436
Self-citation
Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action
Zuardi, A. W. (2008) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000300015 · Cited by 421
Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond
Mechoulam, R., Hanuš, L. O., Pertwee, R., & Howlett, A. C. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3811 · Cited by 393
Self-citation
One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use
Crummy, E. A., O’Neal, T. J., Baskin, B. M., & Ferguson, S. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00569 · Cited by 351
Industrial Hemp in North America: Production, Politics and Potential
Cherney, J., & Small, E. (2016) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy6040058 · Cited by 328
Phytocannabinoids as novel therapeutic agents in {CNS} disorders.
Hill, A. J., Williams, C. M., Whalley, B. J., & Stephens, G. J. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.09.002 · Cited by 312
Cannabidiol: A Potential New Alternative for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders
García-Gutiérrez, M. S., Navarrete, F., Gasparyan, A., Austrich-Olivares, A., Sala, F., & Manzanares, J. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10111575 · Cited by 306
Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study
Morgan, C. J. A., Schafer, G., Freeman, T. P., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077503 · Cited by 305
The neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol in an in vitro model of newborn hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in mice is mediated by CB2 and adenosine receptors
Castillo, A., Tolón, M. R., Fernández-Ruiz, J., Romero, J., & Martinez-Orgado, J. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.10.023 · Cited by 279
Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes
Oláh, A., Tóth, B. I., Borbíró, I., Sugawara, K., Szöllõsi, A. G., Czifra, G., Pál, B., Ambrus, L., Kloepper, J., Camera, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci64628 · Cited by 268
Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nielsen, S., Sabioni, P., Trigo, J. M., Ware, M. A., Betz-Stablein, B. D., Murnion, B., Lintzeris, N., Khor, K. E., Farrell, M., Smith, A., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.51 · Cited by 265
A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans
Iseger, T. A., & Bossong, M. G. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.033 · Cited by 261
Cannabidiol, a non‐psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea‐like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5‐HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus
Rock, E., Bolognini, D., Limebeer, C., Cascio, M., Anavi‐Goffer, S., Fletcher, P., Mechoulam, R., Pertwee, R., & Parker, L. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01621.x · Cited by 255
Self-citation
Positive and Negative Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Health
Cohen, K., Weizman, A., & Weinstein, A. (2019) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1381 · Cited by 255
Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review
Sarris, J., Sinclair, J., Karamacoska, D., Davidson, M., & Firth, J. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2409-8 · Cited by 253
The direct actions of cannabidiol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol at GABA A receptors
Bakas, T., van Nieuwenhuijzen, P. S., Devenish, S. O., McGregor, I. S., Arnold, J. C., & Chebib, M. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.022 · Cited by 246
The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects
van Amsterdam, J., Brunt, T., & van den Brink, W. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114565142 · Cited by 244
Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Vallée, A., Lecarpentier, Y., Guillevin, R., & Vallée, J.-N. (2017) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmx073 · Cited by 226
A critical review of the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol: 30 years of a translational investigation
Waldo Zuardi, A., Alexandre S. Crippa, J., E.C. Hallak, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., K. McGuire, P., & Silveira Guimaraes, F. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884681 · Cited by 222
Cannabidiol potentiates Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) behavioural effects and alters THC pharmacokinetics during acute and chronic treatment in adolescent rats
Klein, C., Karanges, E., Spiro, A., Wong, A., Spencer, J., Huynh, T., Gunasekaran, N., Karl, T., Long, L. E., Huang, X.-F., et al. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2342-0 · Cited by 206
Induction of Psychosis byΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Reflects Modulation of Prefrontal and Striatal Function During Attentional Salience Processing
Bhattacharyya, S. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.161 · Cited by 203
Cannabidiol Attenuates the Appetitive Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans Smoking Their Chosen Cannabis
Morgan, C. J., Freeman, T. P., Schafer, G. L., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.58 · Cited by 196
“THC and CBD have been found to have opposing neuropharmacological actions - the former is an partial agonist while the latter is an antagonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors (Pertwee, 2008).”
Sub-chronic impact of cannabinoids in street cannabis on cognition, psychotic-like symptoms and psychological well-being
Morgan, C. J. A., Gardener, C., Schafer, G., Swan, S., Demarchi, C., Freeman, T. P., Warrington, P., Rupasinghe, I., Ramoutar, A., Tan, N., et al. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001322 · Cited by 195
Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years
Maccarrone, M., Di Marzo, V., Gertsch, J., Grether, U., Howlett, A. C., Hua, T., Makriyannis, A., Piomelli, D., Ueda, N., & van der Stelt, M. (2023) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600 · Cited by 183
Novel Agents for the Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
Burnette, E. M., Nieto, S. J., Grodin, E. N., Meredith, L. R., Hurley, B., Miotto, K., Gillis, A. J., & Ray, L. A. (2022) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01670-3 · Cited by 169
Characterization of major phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol and cannabinol, as isoform-selective and potent inhibitors of human CYP1 enzymes
Yamaori, S., Kushihara, M., Yamamoto, I., & Watanabe, K. (2010) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.028 · Cited by 165
Chronic exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence but not during adulthood impairs emotional behaviour and monoaminergic neurotransmission.
Bambico, F. R., Nguyen, N.-T., Katz, N., & Gobbi, G. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.020 · Cited by 161
Diminished gray matter in the hippocampus of cannabis users: possible protective effects of cannabidiol
Demirakca, T., Sartorius, A., Ende, G., Meyer, N., Welzel, H., Skopp, G., Mann, K., & Hermann, D. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.020 · Cited by 162
The Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Treating Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review of Reviews
Nielsen, S., Germanos, R., Weier, M., Pollard, J., Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., Buckley, N., & Farrell, M. (2018) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0814-x · Cited by 153
Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea‐induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5‐HT1A receptor activation
Bolognini, D., Rock, E., Cluny, N., Cascio, M., Limebeer, C., Duncan, M., Stott, C., Javid, F., Parker, L., & Pertwee, R. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12043 · Cited by 151
Self-citation
Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives
Burggren, A. C., Shirazi, A., Ginder, N., & London, E. D. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086 · Cited by 144
Modulation of auditory and visual processing by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: an FMRI study
Winton-Brown, T. T., Allen, P., Bhattacharrya, S., Borgwardt, S. J., Fusar-Poli, P., Crippa, J. A., Seal, M. L., Martin-Santos, R., Ffytche, D., Zuardi, A. W., et al. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.17 · Cited by 146
Cannabis sativa: Much more beyond Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Alves, P., Amaral, C., Teixeira, N., & Correia-da-Silva, G. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104822 · Cited by 135
How effective and safe is medical cannabis as a treatment of mental disorders? A systematic review
Hoch, E., Niemann, D., von Keller, R., Schneider, M., Friemel, C. M., Preuss, U. W., Hasan, A., & Pogarell, O. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-00984-4 · Cited by 131
Evidence on the acute and residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and adults: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses.
Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Giguère, S., & Dumais, A. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15764 · Cited by 120
Does dopamine mediate the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis? A review and integration of findings across disciplines
Kuepper, R., Morrison, P. D., van Os, J., Murray, R. M., Kenis, G., & Henquet, C. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.031 · Cited by 116
Terpenoids From Cannabis Do Not Mediate an Entourage Effect by Acting at Cannabinoid Receptors
Finlay, D. B., Sircombe, K. J., Nimick, M., Jones, C., & Glass, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00359 · Cited by 99
“In this study we confirmed low affinity interactions with CB1 and CB2, as previously reported (reviewed in Pertwee, 2008b).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Haemodynamic Effects of Cannabidiol
Sultan, S. R., Millar, S. A., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00081 · Cited by 95
“…actions of CBD are complex; CBD has a low affinity to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (Thomas et al., 2007; Pertwee, 2008), and targets a wide range of other receptors including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1a), transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1…”
Background
Sativex in the management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: An overview of the last decade of clinical evaluation
Giacoppo, S., Bramanti, P., & Mazzon, E. (2017) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.015 · Cited by 92
Neuroimaging studies of acute effects of THC and CBD in humans and animals: a systematic review
Batalla, A., Crippa, J. A., Busatto, G. F., Guimaraes, F. S., Zuardi, A. W., Valverde, O., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P. K., Bhattacharyya, S., & Martín-Santos, R. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990432 · Cited by 91
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Adolescent and Adult Male Mice
Torrens, A., Vozella, V., Huff, H., McNeil, B., Ahmed, F., Ghidini, A., Mahler, S. V., Huestis, M. A., Das, A., & Piomelli, D. (2020) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.265892 · Cited by 88
The interplay of cannabinoid and NMDA glutamate receptor systems in humans: preliminary evidence of interactive effects of cannabidiol and ketamine in healthy human subjects
Hallak, J. E. C., Dursun, S. M., Bosi, D. C., de Macedo, L. R. H., Machado-de-Sousa, J. P., Abrão, J., Crippa, J. A. S., McGuire, P., Krystal, J. H., Baker, G. B., et al. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.002 · Cited by 83
Cannabinoids: new promising agents in the treatment of neurological diseases.
Giacoppo, S., Mandolino, G., Galuppo, M., Bramanti, P., & Mazzon, E. (2014) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules191118781 · Cited by 79
Cannabidiol effects in the prepulse inhibition disruption induced by amphetamine
Pedrazzi, J. F. C., Issy, A. C., Gomes, F. V., Guimarães, F. S., & Del-Bel, E. A. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-3945-7 · Cited by 76
Epileptogenesis in tuberous sclerosis complex-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Aronica, E., Specchio, N., Luinenburg, M. J., & Curatolo, P. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad048 · Cited by 74
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with the treatment of chronic pain with medical cannabis
Bellnier, T., Brown, G. W., & Ortega, T. R. (2018) · Mental Health Clinician · doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.05.110 · Cited by 48
Cannabidiol (CBD) as a novel treatment in the early phases of psychosis
Chesney, E., Oliver, D., & McGuire, P. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05905-9 · Cited by 40
The Impact of Marijuana on Antidepressant Treatment in Adolescents: Clinical and Pharmacologic Considerations
Vaughn, S., Strawn, J., Poweleit, E., Sarangdhar, M., & Ramsey, L. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11070615 · Cited by 40
Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with anxiety disorders
Lev-Ran, S., Le Foll, B., McKenzie, K., & Rehm, J. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.07.002 · Cited by 39
Emergency department presentations related to acute toxicity following recreational use of cannabis products in Switzerland
Schmid, Y., Scholz, I., Mueller, L., Exadaktylos, A. K., Ceschi, A., Liechti, M. E., & Liakoni, E. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107726 · Cited by 38
Impact of Acute and Chronic Cannabis Use on Stress Response Regulation: Challenging the Belief That Cannabis Is an Effective Method for Coping
al'Absi, M., & Allen, A. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687106 · Cited by 34
Distinct Binding Mechanisms for Allosteric Sodium Ion in Cannabinoid Receptors
Dutta, S., Selvam, B., & Shukla, D. (2022) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00760 · Cited by 31
Recommendation to reconsider examining cannabis subtypes together due to opposing effects on brain, cognition and behavior.
Rømer Thomsen, K., Callesen, M. B., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.025 · Cited by 24
Task-independent acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human brain function and its relationship with cannabinoid receptor gene expression: A neuroimaging meta-regression analysis
Gunasekera, B., Davies, C., Blest-Hopley, G., Veronese, M., Ramsey, N. F., Bossong, M. G., Radua, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Pretzsch, C., McAlonan, G., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104801 · Cited by 10
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: Clinical Aspects
Wright, S. L. (2020) · The Benzodiazepines Crisis · doi:10.1093/med/9780197517277.003.0008 · Cited by 7

Authors: Pertwee, R. G.
Venue: British Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 153
Issue: 2
Pages: 199-215
ISSN: 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
1476-5381
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442
OpenAlex: W2168111104
Cited by: 1,935
References: 14
FWCI: 21.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 394 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

The diverse CB1and CB2receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources