The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Spontaneous neural activity during human slow wave sleep
Open accessAbstract
Slow wave sleep (SWS) is associated with spontaneous brain oscillations that are thought to participate in sleep homeostasis and to support the processing of information related to the experiences of the previous awake period. At the cellular level, during SWS, a slow oscillation (<1 Hz) synchronizes firing patterns in large neuronal populations and is reflected on electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as large-amplitude, low-frequency waves. By using simultaneous EEG and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we characterized the transient changes in brain activity consistently associated with slow waves (>140 μV) and delta waves (75–140 μV) during SWS in 14 non-sleep-deprived normal human volunteers. Significant increases in activity were associated with these waves in several cortical areas, including the inferior frontal, medial prefrontal, precuneus, and posterior cingulate areas. Compared with baseline activity, slow waves are associated with significant activity in the parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, and brainstem, whereas delta waves are related to frontal responses. No decrease in activity was observed. This study demonstrates that SWS is not a state of brain quiescence, but rather is an active state during which brain activity is consistently synchronized to the slow oscillation in specific cerebral regions. The partial overlap between the response pattern related to SWS waves and the waking default mode network is consistent with the fascinating hypothesis that brain responses synchronized by the slow oscillation restore microwake-like activity patterns that facilitate neuronal interactions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
fMRI studies measuring BOLD signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep.
“In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies measuring blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep (9-15).”
From Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2201 · Cited by 6,700
(2023) · doi:10.1126/science · Cited by 6,063
Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects
Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Stam, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Beckmann, C. F. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601417103 · Cited by 4,326
Electrophysiological signatures of resting state networks in the human brain
Mantini, D., Perrucci, M. G., Del Gratta, C., Romani, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0700668104 · Cited by 1,938
Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory
Marshall, L., Helgadóttir, H., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05278 · Cited by 1,792
Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep
Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1825 · Cited by 1,669
Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study
Braun, A. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1173 · Cited by 1,268
The sleep slow oscillation as a traveling wave
Massimini, M., Huber, R., Ferrarelli, F., Hill, S., & Tononi, G. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1318-04.2004 · Cited by 1,221
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 36
- M Steriade, RW McCarley Brain Control of Wakefulness and Sleep (Springer, New York, 2005).
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03252.1993 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.1969 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03266.1993 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00186-3 · DOI
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10941.2002 · DOI · Paper page
- AA Borbely, From slow waves to sleep homeostasis: New perspectives. Arch Ital Biol 139, 53–61 (2001).
- A Rechtschaffen, A Kales A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects (Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 1968).
- 10.1093/sleep/30.12.1617 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1126/science.1134405 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00214.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/brain/awh686 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-12-04800.1997 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03518.x · DOI
- 10.1093/cercor/10.12.1185 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.10.023 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.007 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1126/science.1138581 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00764.x · DOI
- 10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1385 · DOI
- O Yeshenko, M Moelle, L Marshall, J Born, SJ Sara, Locus coeruleus firing during SWS is time locked to slow oscillations: Possible contribution of the noradrenergic system to off-line information processing in rats. J Sleep Res 15, 11 (2006).
- 10.1126/science.274.5288.771 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3607-05.2006 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00623-2 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/35094500 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/hbm.20428 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.0705791104 · DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.0305375101 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.tins.2007.04.006 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1006/nimg.2000.0599 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.041 · DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.0703084104 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/mrm.1910390109 · DOI
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02807.1997 · DOI
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10065.1999 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.028 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“, the bilateral medial and inferior frontal cortices, precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex (250, 252, 557).”
BackgroundControl of sleep and wakefulness
Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J. T., Strecker, R. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 · Cited by 1,477
Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep
Fultz, N. E., Bonmassar, G., Setsompop, K., Stickgold, R. A., Rosen, B. R., Polimeni, J. R., & Lewis, L. D. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax5440 · Cited by 1,197
The functional significance of delta oscillations in cognitive processing
Harmony, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00083 · Cited by 788
EEG delta oscillations as a correlate of basic homeostatic and motivational processes
Knyazev, G. G. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.002 · Cited by 776
Mather, M., Clewett, D., Sakaki, M., & Harley, C. W. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000667 · Cited by 695
Rethinking segregation and integration: contributions of whole-brain modelling
Deco, G., Tononi, G., Boly, M., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3963 · Cited by 658
Self-citationDreaming and the brain: from phenomenology to neurophysiology
Nir, Y., & Tononi, G. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001 · Cited by 595
Source modeling sleep slow waves
Murphy, M., Riedner, B. A., Huber, R., Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., & Tononi, G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807933106 · Cited by 454
The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm of non-REM sleep: a dialogue between three cardinal oscillators
Crunelli, V., & Hughes, S. W. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2445 · Cited by 435
Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent advances and future directions
Boly, M., Seth, A. K., Wilke, M., Ingmundson, P., Baars, B., Laureys, S., Edelman, D. B., & Tsuchiya, N. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00625 · Cited by 291
Self-citationReview of somatic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder
Gupta, M. A. (2013) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.736367 · Cited by 286
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep.
Dang-Vu, T. T., Schabus, M., Desseilles, M., Sterpenich, V., Bonjean, M., & Maquet, P. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.12.1589 · Cited by 284
Self-citationCompeting Roles of Slow Oscillations and Delta Waves in Memory Consolidation versus Forgetting
Kim, J., Gulati, T., & Ganguly, K. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.040 · Cited by 254
Bergmann, T. O., Mölle, M., Diedrichs, J., Born, J., & Siebner, H. R. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.036 · Cited by 228
Noradrenergic circuit control of non-REM sleep substates
Osorio-Forero, A., Cardis, R., Vantomme, G., Guillaume-Gentil, A., Katsioudi, G., Devenoges, C., Fernandez, L. M. J., & Lüthi, A. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.041 · Cited by 230
Eschenko, O., Magri, C., Panzeri, S., & Sara, S. J. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr121 · Cited by 194
Siclari, F., Bernardi, G., Riedner, B. A., LaRocque, J. J., Benca, R. M., & Tononi, G. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4070 · Cited by 181
Le Van Quyen, M., Staba, R., Bragin, A., Dickson, C., Valderrama, M., Fried, I., & Engel, J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5049-09.2010 · Cited by 189
Sleep deprivation leads to a loss of functional connectivity in frontal brain regions
Verweij, I. M., Romeijn, N., Smit, D. J., Piantoni, G., Van Someren, E. J., & van der Werf, Y. D. (2014) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-88 · Cited by 180
Kaestner, E. J., Wixted, J. T., & Mednick, S. C. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00433 · Cited by 149
Dreaming in NREM Sleep: A High-Density EEG Study of Slow Waves and Spindles
Siclari, F., Bernardi, G., Cataldi, J., & Tononi, G. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0855-18.2018 · Cited by 143
Temporal dynamics of cortical sources underlying spontaneous and peripherally evoked slow waves
Riedner, B. A., Hulse, B. K., Murphy, M. J., Ferrarelli, F., & Tononi, G. (2011) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53839-0.00013-2 · Cited by 130
Sleep and the functional connectome
Picchioni, D., Duyn, J. H., & Horovitz, S. G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.067 · Cited by 115
Palanca, B. J. A., Mitra, A., Larson-Prior, L., Snyder, A. Z., Avidan, M. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2015) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000000731 · Cited by 112
What is the link between hallucinations, dreams, and hypnagogic–hypnopompic experiences?
Waters, F., Blom, J. D., Dang-Vu, T. T., Cheyne, A. J., Alderson-Day, B., Woodruff, P., & Collerton, D. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw076 · Cited by 119
Self-citationPrehn-Kristensen, A., Göder, R., Fischer, J., Wilhelm, I., Seeck-Hirschner, M., Aldenhoff, J., & Baving, L. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.10.010 · Cited by 114
Structural brain correlates of human sleep oscillations
Saletin, J. M., van der Helm, E., & Walker, M. P. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.021 · Cited by 93
Sleep and dreaming are for important matters
Perogamvros, L., Dang-Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., & Schwartz, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00474 · Cited by 77
“Slow waves on the other hand are associated with BOLD increases in the inferior frontal gyrus, brainstem, parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex during NREM sleep (Dang-Vu et al., 2008).”
BackgroundREM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex
Wang, Z., Fei, X., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Peng, W., Wang, Y.-W., Zhang, S., & Xu, M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34720-9 · Cited by 73
fMRI spectral signatures of sleep
Song, C., Boly, M., Tagliazucchi, E., Laufs, H., & Tononi, G. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2016732119 · Cited by 65
Self-citationNeuroscience-driven discovery and development of sleep therapeutics
Dresler, M., Spoormaker, V. I., Beitinger, P., Czisch, M., Kimura, M., Steiger, A., & Holsboer, F. (2014) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.012 · Cited by 63
Goldstone, A., Willoughby, A. R., de Zambotti, M., Franzen, P. L., Kwon, D., Pohl, K. M., Pfefferbaum, A., Sullivan, E. V., Müller-Oehring, E. M., Prouty, D. E., et al. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1509-9 · Cited by 63
Cortical reactivations during sleep spindles following declarative learning
Jegou, A., Schabus, M., Gosseries, O., Dahmen, B., Albouy, G., Desseilles, M., Sterpenich, V., Phillips, C., Maquet, P., Grova, C., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.051 · Cited by 54
Self-citationThe effects of sleep on prospective memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Leong, R. L. F., Cheng, G. H.-L., Chee, M. W. L., & Lo, J. C. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.05.006 · Cited by 55
Developmental changes in sleep spindle characteristics and sigma power across early childhood
McClain, I. J., Lustenberger, C., Achermann, P., Lassonde, J. M., Kurth, S., & LeBourgeois, M. K. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/3670951 · Cited by 52
Wu, C. W., Liu, P.-Y., Tsai, P.-J., Wu, Y.-C., Hung, C.-S., Tsai, Y.-C., Cho, K.-H., Biswal, B. B., Chen, C.-J., & Lin, C.-P. (2012) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2012.0075 · Cited by 52
Spectral and spatial shifts of post-ictal slow waves in temporal lobe seizures
Yang, L., Worrell, G. A., Nelson, C., Brinkmann, B., & He, B. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws221 · Cited by 42
Peiffer, A., Brichet, M., De Tiège, X., Peigneux, P., & Urbain, C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66880-3 · Cited by 34
The role of sleep for episodic memory consolidation: stabilizing or rescuing?
Zhang, J., Whitehurst, L. N., & Mednick, S. C. (2022) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107621 · Cited by 34
EEG Patterns Prior to Motor Activations of Parasomnias: A Systematic Review
Camaioni, M., Scarpelli, S., Gorgoni, M., Alfonsi, V., & De Gennaro, L. (2021) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s306614 · Cited by 22
Pace-Schott, E. F. (2011) · Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00048-7 · Cited by 19
Rauchs, G., Harand, C., Bertran, F., Desgranges, B., & Eustache, F. (2010) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2010.03.021 · Cited by 19
Self-citationThe collapse of the wave function as the mediator of free will in prime neurons
Loboguerrero, D. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1637217
Metadata
- Authors
- Dang-Vu, T. T., Schabus, M., Desseilles, M., Albouy, G., Boly, M., Darsaud, A., Gais, S., Rauchs, G., Sterpenich, V., Vandewalle, G., Carrier, J., Moonen, G., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., Phillips, C., & Maquet, P.
- Affiliations
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium;
- University of Liège (BE)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-09-30
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 15160-15165
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2567508
- OpenAlex
- W2161937485
- Cited by
- 455
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 11.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the University of Namur (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- slow-wave sleep, slow oscillations, delta oscillations, spontaneous brain activity, sleep homeostasis, EEG-fMRI synchronization, default mode network, parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, brainstem, cortical activation, memory consolidation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurons, Sleep
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
