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Novel Aspects of Dietary Nitrate and Human Health
Abstract
The circulation of nitrogen in nature is a prerequisite for life on earth. In the nitrogen cycle atmospheric nitrogen is fixated by bacteria into forms that can be utilized by plants and mammals. Nitrate and nitrite are obligate intermediates in this cycle, and for more than half a century these anions have interested nutritional scientists, mostly in relation to cancer, because of their ability to form nitrosamines. However, after the discovery of mammalian endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation and later that its oxidation products nitrate and nitrite can be recycled back to bioactive NO, a novel field of research has emerged that explores a potentially beneficial role of these anions in physiology, nutrition, and therapeutics. In our diet, vegetables are the major source of nitrate that can fuel a nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Herein we discuss the nutritional aspects of this pathway and what is presently known about the implications for human health.
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“NOX1 expression is activated by several factors including angiotensin II, PDGF, and thrombin (382, 492, 630, 695, 999).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [999]
In the citing paper
“Although it may be difficult to isolate the specific effects of these dietary nutrients, as discussed above, the nitrate and nitrite derived from vegetables and fruits are reduced to NO, which is followed by the formation of S-nitrosothiols [123], rather than the formation of nitrosamines especially in the presence of reducing agents such as vitamin C and E in the stomach [28,124].”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [123]
In the citing paper
“Recent and past data have demonstrated that nitrate-rich diets increase plasma and tissue levels of nitrite [9,10], but this cannot be accounted solely by nitrate reduction from oral bacteria and other mechanisms have been implicated and are under investigation [11].”
From Nitrate reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide and ammonia by gut bacteria under physiological conditions (2015) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O.
- Affiliations
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care,
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-07-17
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-159
- ISSN
- 0199-9885 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4312
- OpenAlex
- W2158062208
- Semantic Scholar
- 43620fb624544326341074f9123e88b713aa29ac
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, endogenous nitric oxide, nitrogen cycling, nitrosamines, cancer, vegetables, human health
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carcinogens, Diet, Health Status, Humans, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Nitrosamines, Signal Transduction
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