The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Pragmatic View of Knowledge and Boundaries: Boundary Objects in New Product Development
Abstract
This study explores the premise that knowledge in new product development proves both a barrier to and a source of innovation. To understand the problematic nature of knowledge and the boundaries that result, an ethnographic study was used to understand how knowledge is structured differently across the four primary functions that are dependent on each other in the creation and production of a high-volume product. A pragmatic view of 'knowledge in practice' is developed, describing knowledge as localized, embedded, and invested within a function and how, when working across functions, consequences often arise that generate problematic knowledge boundaries. The use of a boundary object is then described as a means of representing, learning about, and transforming knowledge to resolve the consequences that exist at a given boundary. Finally, this pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries is proposed as a framework to revisit the differentiation and integration of knowledge.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x · Cited by 88,486
Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511815355 · Cited by 35,324
A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation
Nonaka, I. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.1.14 · Cited by 17,809
Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.3.3.383 · Cited by 12,939 · cited 1×
“For both researchers and practitioners, much of this intense interest is driven by the recognition that knowledge is a critical factor in creating competitive success over time (Kogut and Zander 1992, Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995).”
BackgroundExploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm
Szulanski, G. (1996) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250171105 · Cited by 7,839
An introduction to cybernetics
Ashby, W. R. (1956) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5851 · Cited by 7,578
Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (1999) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6352.001.0001 · Cited by 6,188
Grant, R. M. (1996) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.7.4.375 · Cited by 5,649
Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics and Culture in Everyday Life
Lave, J. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609268 · Cited by 5,148
Product development: Past research, present findings and future directions
Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258850 · Cited by 3,777
Cited by
Institutional Complexity and Organizational Responses
Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Kodeih, F., Micelotta, E. R., & Lounsbury, M. (2011) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2011.590299 · Cited by 3,519
Carlile, P. R. (2004) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1040.0094 · Cited by 3,101
Self-citationOrganizing for Innovation in the Digitized World
Yoo, Y., Boland, R. J., Lyytinen, K., & Majchrzak, A. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1120.0771 · Cited by 2,469
Boundary Crossing and Boundary Objects
Akkerman, S. F., & Bakker, A. (2011) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654311404435 · Cited by 2,361
Organizational Ambidexterity: Balancing Exploitation and Exploration for Sustained Performance
Raisch, S., Birkinshaw, J., Probst, G., & Tushman, M. L. (2009) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0428 · Cited by 2,224
Theorizing Practice and Practicing Theory
Feldman, M. S., & Orlikowski, W. J. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0612 · Cited by 1,753
10 Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2008) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520802211644 · Cited by 2,571
10 Coordination in Organizations: An Integrative Perspective
Okhuysen, G. A., & Bechky, B. A. (2009) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520903047533 · Cited by 998
Coordination in Fast-Response Organizations
Faraj, S., & Xiao, Y. (2006) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0526 · Cited by 935
Kellogg, K. C., Orlikowski, W. J., & Yates, J. (2006) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0157 · Cited by 802
Digital Product Innovation Within Four Classes of Innovation Networks
Lyytinen, K., Yoo, Y., & Boland Jr., R. J. (2016) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12093 · Cited by 806
Doganova, L., & Eyquem-Renault, M. (2009) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2009.08.002 · Cited by 788
1 Constitutional Amendments: “Materializing” Organizational Communication
Ashcraft, K. L., Kuhn, T. R., & Cooren, F. (2009) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520903047186 · Cited by 731
Boundary Organizations: Enabling Collaboration among Unexpected Allies
O'Mahony, S., & Bechky, B. A. (2008) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.53.3.422 · Cited by 626
The Persistence of Flexible Organizational Routines: The Role of Agency and Organizational Context
Howard-Grenville, J. A. (2005) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0150 · Cited by 585
Knowledge Practices in Design: The Role of Visual Representations as `Epistemic Objects'
Ewenstein, B., & Whyte, J. (2009) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840608083014 · Cited by 584
Integrative leadership and the creation and maintenance of cross-sector collaborations
Crosby, B. C., & Bryson, J. M. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.01.003 · Cited by 520
Management paradoxes: A relational view
Clegg, S. R., da Cunha, J. V., & e Cunha, M. P. (2002) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726702555001 · Cited by 498
The Lean Startup Framework: Closing the Academic–Practitioner Divide
Shepherd, D. A., & Gruber, M. (2021) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258719899415 · Cited by 459
Practice as the Site of Knowing: Insights from the Field of Telemedicine
Nicolini, D. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0556 · Cited by 451
Boundary Spanning in Global Organizations
Schotter, A. P. J., Mudambi, R., Doz, Y. L., & Gaur, A. (2017) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12256 · Cited by 363
Majchrzak, A., Malhotra, A., & John, R. (2005) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1050.0044 · Cited by 350
Progressing to the Center: Coordinating Project Work
Dahlander, L., & O'Mahony, S. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0571 · Cited by 211
Boundary object use in cross-cultural software development teams
Barrett, M., & Oborn, E. (2010) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726709355657 · Cited by 194
The role of the organizational champion in achieving health system change
Hendy, J., & Barlow, J. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.009 · Cited by 189
Organizing practices in services: capturing practice-based knowledge for innovation
Dougherty, D. (2004) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/1476127004040914 · Cited by 177
The communal resource and information systems
von Krogh, G. (2002) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/s0963-8687(02)00006-9 · Cited by 163
Zhao, Z. J., & Anand, J. (2013) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2080 · Cited by 144
(2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 141
Rycroft-Malone, J., Wilkinson, J. E., Burton, C. R., Andrews, G., Ariss, S., Baker, R., Dopson, S., Graham, I., Harvey, G., Martin, G., et al. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-74 · Cited by 132
Foerderer, J., Kude, T., Schuetz, S. W., & Heinzl, A. (2019) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12186 · Cited by 126
Toward a Meta-Theory of Creativity Forms: How Novelty and Usefulness Shape Creativity
Harvey, S., & Berry, J. W. (2023) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2020.0110 · Cited by 125
Organizational considerations in establishing the Data-Informed District
Wayman, J. C., Jimerson, J. B., & Cho, V. (2012) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2011.652124 · Cited by 122
Collective Learning in Global Diffusion: Spreading Quality Standards in a Developing Country Cluster
Perez-Aleman, P. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0514 · Cited by 120
Relational Expertise: What Machines Can't Know
Pakarinen, P., & Huising, R. (2025) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12915 · Cited by 105
Harvey, G., & Kitson, A. (2015) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.54 · Cited by 103
Kislov, R., Harvey, G., & Walshe, K. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-64 · Cited by 102
Dodgson, M., Gann, D. M., & Salter, A. (2007) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0287 · Cited by 101
Meinel, M., Eismann, T. T., Baccarella, C. V., Fixson, S. K., & Voigt, K.-I. (2020) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2020.02.002 · Cited by 98
Anthony, C. (2018) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2016.0334 · Cited by 84
Business value appropriation roadmap for artificial intelligence
Mishra, A. N., & Pani, A. K. (2021) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-07-2019-0107 · Cited by 82
The periphery on stage: The intra-organizational dynamics in online communities of creation
Rullani, F., & Haefliger, S. (2013) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2012.10.008 · Cited by 79
Cho, V., & Wayman, J. C. (2014) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811411600203 · Cited by 75
Barley, W. C. (2015) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2015.1012 · Cited by 74
Knowledge complexity and the performance of inter‐unit knowledge replication structures
Kim, S., & Anand, J. (. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2899 · Cited by 66
Khan, Z., Lew, Y. K., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2015) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1002/gsj.1089 · Cited by 61
Le Dantec, C. A., & Edwards, W. K. (2010) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753345 · Cited by 58
Islands of Practice: Conflict and a Lack of ‘Community’ in Situated Learning
Macpherson, A., & Clark, B. (2009) · Management Learning · doi:10.1177/1350507609340810 · Cited by 49
Llewellyn, S., Procter, R., Harvey, G., Maniatopoulos, G., & Boyd, A. (2014) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr02230 · Cited by 43
Documenting Data Production Processes: A Participatory Approach for Data Work
Miceli, M., Yang, T., Alvarado Garcia, A., Posada, J., Wang, S. M., Pohl, M., & Hanna, A. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555623 · Cited by 28
Melville-Richards, L., Rycroft-Malone, J., Burton, C., & Wilkinson, J. (2020) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/174426419x15623134271106 · Cited by 26
Hassan, S. M., Melville-Richards, L., Ring, A., Cloke, J., Smith, S., Saini, P., Goodall, M., Porroche-Escudero, A., Popay, J., & Gabbay, M. (2023) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100235 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Carlile, P. R.
- Venue
- Organization Science
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 442-455
- ISSN
- 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5455
- OpenAlex
- W2132924891
- Cited by
- 3,475
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 162.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.