Decreased Muscle Strength and Quality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Adequate skeletal muscle strength is essential for physical functioning and low muscle strength is a predictor of physical limitations. Older adults with diabetes have a two- to threefold increased risk of physical disability. However, muscle strength has never been investigated with regard to diabetes in a population-based study. We evaluated grip and knee extensor strength and muscle mass in 485 older adults with diabetes and 2,133 without diabetes in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Older adults with diabetes had greater arm and leg muscle mass than those without diabetes because they were bigger in body size. Despite this, muscle strength was lower in men with diabetes and not higher in women with diabetes than corresponding counterparts. Muscle quality, defined as muscle strength per unit regional muscle mass, was significantly lower in men and women with diabetes than those without diabetes in both upper and lower extremities. Furthermore, longer duration of diabetes (≥6 years) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8.0%) were associated with even poorer muscle quality. In conclusion, diabetes is associated with lower skeletal muscle strength and quality. These characteristics may contribute to the development of physical disability in older adults with diabetes.
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Diabetes in the aging population is associated with reduced muscle strength, poor muscle quality, and accelerated loss of muscle mass, which may result in sarcopenia and/or osteopenia.
“Diabetes in the aging population is associated with reduced muscle strength, poor muscle quality, and accelerated loss of muscle mass, which may result in sarcopenia and/or osteopenia (74,75).”
From 13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
The Discussion (page unavailable) associates type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling older adults with lower muscle strength and quality. It does not establish accelerated loss of muscle mass: the study is cross-sectional and calls for prospective research on muscle-mass loss. The cited passages also do not link these findings to sarcopenia or osteopenia. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiabetes in the aging population is associated with reduced muscle strength, poor muscle quality, and accelerated loss of muscle mass, which may result in sarcopenia or dynapenia and/or osteopenia.
“Diabetes in the aging population is associated with reduced muscle strength, poor muscle quality, and accelerated loss of muscle mass, which may result in sarcopenia or dynapenia (76) and/or osteopenia (77,78).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [78]
The Abstract and Discussion report lower muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes. They do not establish accelerated muscle-mass loss or subsequent sarcopenia or dynapenia: the study found greater arm and leg muscle mass in participants with diabetes, and the Discussion says prospective research is needed to examine muscle-mass loss. Osteopenia is attached to different citations (77, 78), so it is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople with diabetes of longer duration, and those with higher A1C, have lower muscle strength per unit of muscle mass than BMI- and age-matched people without diabetes, and than those whose disease is of shorter duration or under better glycemic control.
“People with diabetes of longer duration, and those with higher A1C, have lower muscle strength per unit of muscle mass than BMI- and age-matched people without diabetes, and than those whose disease is of shorter duration or under better glycemic control90.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [90]
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Muscle strength is a marker of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
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- Authors
- Park, S. W., Goodpaster, B. H., Strotmeyer, E. S., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Schwartz, A. V., Tylavsky, F. A., & Newman, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2006-06-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1813-1818
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2101489273
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health (n01ag062101-007, n01ag062103-006, n01ag062106-007)
- National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, N01AG62106, N01-AG-62103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, older adults, muscle strength, muscle quality, muscle mass, grip strength, quadriceps strength, physical disability, glycemic control, HbA1c, diabetes duration, sex differences, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Status, Humans, Knee, Leg, Male, Case-Control Studies, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength
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