Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 175

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

Weyh, Christopher, Krüger, Karsten, Strasser, Barbara·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12030622
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/nu12030622

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 92

  1. Jin, 2015, The Critical Need to Promote Research of Aging and Aging-related Diseases to Improve Health and Longevity of the Elderly Population, Aging Dis., 6, 1
  2. Franceschi, 2000, Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 908, 244, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Dugan, 2019, Aging and influenza vaccine-induced immunity, Cell. Immunol., 348, 103998, 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103998 · DOI
  4. Batatinha, 2019, Inflammatory features of obesity and smoke exposure and the immunologic effects of exercise, Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 25, 96
  5. Alack, 2019, Current knowledge and new challenges in exercise immunology, Immunology, 70, 250
  6. Cho, 2013, The phenotype of infiltrating macrophages influences arteriosclerotic plaque vulnerability in the carotid artery, J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis., 22, 910, 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.020 · DOI
  7. Fauriat, 2010, Regulation of human NK-cell cytokine and chemokine production by target cell recognition, Blood, 115, 2167, 10.1182/blood-2009-08-238469 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Mocchegiani, 2004, NK and NKT cell functions in immunosenescence, Aging Cell, 3, 177, 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00107.x · DOI
  9. Kasakovski, 2018, T cell senescence and CAR-T cell exhaustion in hematological malignancies, J. Hematol. Oncol., 11, 91, 10.1186/s13045-018-0629-x · DOI · Paper page
  10. Mou, 2014, CD28 negative T cells: Is their loss our gain?, Am. J. Transplant., 14, 2460, 10.1111/ajt.12937 · DOI
  11. Sansoni, 2008, The immune system in extreme longevity, Exp. Gerontol., 43, 61, 10.1016/j.exger.2007.06.008 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Nathan, 2010, Nonresolving inflammation, Cell, 140, 871, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.029 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Xia, 2016, An Update on Inflamm-Aging: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment, J. Immunol. Res., 2016, 8426874, 10.1155/2016/8426874 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Goronzy, 2017, Successful and Maladaptive T cell Aging, Immunity, 46, 364, 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.010 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Bartlett, 2016, Habitual physical activity is associated with the maintenance of neutrophil migratory dynamics in healthy older adults, Brain Behav. Immun., 56, 12, 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.024 · DOI
  16. Bartlett, 2018, Ten weeks of high-intensity interval walk training is associated with reduced disease activity and improved innate immune function in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study, Arthritis Res. Ther., 20, 127, 10.1186/s13075-018-1624-x · DOI
  17. Shinkai, 1995, Physical activity and immune senescence in men, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 11, 1516
  18. Minuzzi, 2018, Effects of lifelong training on senescence and mobilization of T lymphocytes in response to acute exercise, Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 24, 72
  19. Simpson, 2010, Coupling aging immunity with a sedentary lifestyle: Has the damage already been done?—A mini-review, Gerontology, 56, 449, 10.1159/000270905 · DOI
  20. Alack, 2016, Apoptosis of T-Cell Subsets after Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 48, 2021, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000979 · DOI
  21. Campbell, 2008, Effect of exercise on in vitro immune function: A 12-month randomized, controlled trial among postmenopausal women, J. Appl. Physiol., 104, 1648, 10.1152/japplphysiol.01349.2007 · DOI
  22. Kapasi, 2003, Effects of an exercise intervention on immunologic parameters in frail elderly nursing home residents, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 58, 636, 10.1093/gerona/58.7.M636 · DOI
  23. Walsh, 2011, Position Statement Part one: Immune function and exercise, Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 17, 6
  24. Philippe, 2019, Concentric and Eccentric Endurance Exercise Reverse Hallmarks of T-Cell Senescence in Pre-diabetic Subjects, Front. Physiol., 10, 684, 10.3389/fphys.2019.00684 · DOI
  25. Flynn, 1999, Effects of resistance training on selected indexes of immune function in elderly women, J. Appl. Physiol., 86, 1905, 10.1152/jappl.1999.86.6.1905 · DOI
  26. Fairey, 2005, Randomized controlled trial of exercise and blood immune function in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors, J. Appl. Physiol., 98, 1534, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00566.2004 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Rada, 2018, Toll like receptor expression induced by exercise in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review, Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 24, 60
  28. Kohut, 2004, Moderate exercise improves antibody response to influenza immunization in older adults, Vaccine, 22, 2298, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.023 · DOI
  29. Wong, 2019, Hallmarks of Improved Immunological Responses in the Vaccination of More Physically Active Elderly Females, Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 25, 20
  30. Turner, 2017, Does Regular Exercise Counter T cell Immunosenescence Reducing the Risk of Developing Cancer and Promoting Successful Treatment of Malignancies?, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2017, 4234765, 10.1155/2017/4234765 · DOI
  31. Gleeson, 2011, The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: Mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 11, 607, 10.1038/nri3041 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Parsons, 2017, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Inflammatory and Hemostatic Markers in Men, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 49, 459, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001113 · DOI
  33. Oliveira, 2013, Acute exercise induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization in diet-induced obese rats, Obesity, 21, 2545, 10.1002/oby.20402 · DOI
  34. Collao, N., Rada, I., Francaux, M., Deldicque, L., and Zbinden-Foncea, H. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor Regulation in Innate Immune Cells—A Review. Int. Rev. Immunol., 1–14. · DOI
  35. Simpson, 2009, Toll-like receptor expression on classic and pro-inflammatory blood monocytes after acute exercise in humans, Brain Behav. Immun., 23, 232, 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.09.013 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Prakken, 2005, Heat-shock proteins induce T-cell regulation of chronic inflammation, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 5, 318, 10.1038/nri1593 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Kawai, 2010, The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: Update on Toll-like receptors, Nat. Immunol., 11, 373, 10.1038/ni.1863 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Jialal, 2012, The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Diabetes-Induced Inflammation: Implications for Vascular Complications, Curr. Diabetes Rep., 12, 172, 10.1007/s11892-012-0258-7 · DOI
  39. Oliveira, 2010, The influence of prolonged cycling on monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in healthy men, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 109, 251, 10.1007/s00421-009-1350-9 · DOI
  40. Pedersen, 2012, Muscles, exercise and obesity: Skeletal muscle as a secretory organ, Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 8, 457, 10.1038/nrendo.2012.49 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Steensberg, 2003, IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 285, E433, 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2003 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Starkie, 2003, Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production in humans, FASEB J., 17, 884, 10.1096/fj.02-0670fje · DOI · Paper page
  43. Minuzzi, 2019, Lifelong exercise practice and immunosenescence: Master athletes cytokine response to acute exercise, Cytokine, 115, 1, 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.006 · DOI
  44. Rao, 2014, Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis, Cell, 157, 1279, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.065 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Misse, 2018, Physical exercise among patients with systemic autoimmune myopathies, Adv. Rheumatol., 58, 5, 10.1186/s42358-018-0004-1 · DOI
  46. Strasser, 2016, Mood, food, and cognition: Role of tryptophan and serotonin, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 19, 55, 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000237 · DOI
  47. Liu, 2019, Emerging role for kynurenines in metabolic pathologies, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 22, 82, 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000529 · DOI
  48. Strasser, 2017, Kynurenine pathway metabolism and immune activation: Peripheral measurements in psychiatric and co-morbid conditions, Neuropharmacology, 112, 286, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.030 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Agudelo, 2014, Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression, Cell, 159, 33, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Fallarino, 2002, T cell apoptosis by tryptophan catabolism, Cell Death Differ., 9, 1069, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401073 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Clarke, 2015, Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis, Behav. Brain Res., 277, 32, 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.027 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Cryan, 2012, Mind-altering microorganisms: The impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 13, 701, 10.1038/nrn3346 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Strasser, B., Geiger, D., Schauer, M., Gatterer, H., Burtscher, M., and Fuchs, D. (2016). Effects of Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise on Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism in Trained Athletes. PLoS ONE, 11. · DOI
  54. Badawy, 2017, Tryptophan availability for kynurenine pathway metabolism across the life span: Control mechanisms and focus on aging, exercise, diet and nutritional supplements, Neuropharmacology, 112, 248, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.015 · DOI
  55. Metcalfe, 2018, Acute and chronic effects of exercise on the kynurenine pathway in humans—A brief review and future perspectives, Physiol. Behav., 194, 583, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.015 · DOI
  56. Strasser, 2015, Effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet on tryptophan metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight adults, Eur. J. Nutr., 54, 101, 10.1007/s00394-014-0690-3 · DOI
  57. Kramer, 2019, Perioperative nutritional supplementation and skeletal muscle mass in older hip-fracture patients, Nutr. Rev., 77, 254, 10.1093/nutrit/nuy055 · DOI
  58. Palego, 2016, Tryptophan Biochemistry: Structural, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Medical Aspects in Humans, J. Amino Acids, 2016, 8952520, 10.1155/2016/8952520 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Ogbechi, 2020, IDO activation, inflammation and musculoskeletal disease, Exp. Gerontol., 131, 110820, 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110820 · DOI
  60. Post, A., Huberts, M., Poppe, E., Faassen, M.V., Kema, I.P., Vogels, S., Geleijnse, J.M., Westerhuis, R., Ipema, K.J.R., and Bakker, S.J.L. (2019). Tryptophan Intake and Tryptophan Losses in Hemodialysis Patients: A Balance Study. Nutrients, 11. · DOI
  61. Yu, 2017, Increases in Plasma Tryptophan Are Inversely Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) Study, J. Nutr., 147, 314
  62. Schaap, 2006, Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength, Am. J. Med., 119, 526, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.049 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Degens, 2007, Age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction: Causes and mechanisms, J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact., 7, 246
  64. Volaklis, 2015, Association between muscular strength and inflammatory markers among elderly persons with cardiac disease: Results from the KORA-Age study, Clin. Res. Cardiol., 104, 982, 10.1007/s00392-015-0867-7 · DOI
  65. Smith, 2015, Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 102, 115, 10.3945/ajcn.114.105833 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Rodacki, 2012, Fish-oil supplementation enhances the effects of strength training in elderly women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 95, 428, 10.3945/ajcn.111.021915 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Cornish, 2018, Omega-3 supplementation with resistance training does not improve body composition or lower biomarkers of inflammation more so than resistance training alone in older men, Nutr. Res., 60, 87, 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.005 · DOI
  68. Strandberg, 2019, Resistance Training Alone or Combined With N-3 PUFA-Rich Diet in Older Women: Effects on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 74, 489, 10.1093/gerona/gly130 · DOI
  69. Karlsson, 2017, Associations between intake of fish and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway in patients with coronary artery disease, Eur. J. Nutr., 56, 261, 10.1007/s00394-015-1077-9 · DOI
  70. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) (2010). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA J., 8, 1461. · DOI · Paper page
  71. Xyda, S.E., Vuckovic, I., Petterson, X.M., Dasari, S., Lalia, A.Z., Parvizi, M., Macura, S.I., and Lanza, I.R. (2019). Distinct influence of omega-3 fatty acids on the plasma metabolome of healthy older adults. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. · DOI
  72. Lalia, 2017, Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults, Aging, 9, 1096, 10.18632/aging.101210 · DOI · Paper page
  73. Stavropoulou, 2019, Human microbiota in aging and infection: A review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 59, 537, 10.1080/10408398.2017.1379469 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Tilg, 2020, The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, 40, 10.1038/s41577-019-0198-4 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Neves, 2016, Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease, Genome Med., 8, 42, 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2 · DOI · Paper page
  76. Rinninella, E., Cintoni, M., Raoul, P., Lopetuso, L.R., Scaldaferri, F., Pulcini, G., Miggiano, G.A.D., Gasbarrini, A., and Mele, M.C. (2019). Food Components and Dietary Habits: Keys for a Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients, 11. · DOI · Paper page
  77. Clarke, 2014, Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity, Gut, 63, 1913, 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306541 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Stekovic, 2019, Alternate Day Fasting Improves Physiological and Molecular Markers of Aging in Healthy, Non-obese Humans, Cell Metab., 30, 462, 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.016 · DOI · Paper page
  79. Kopf, 2018, Role of whole grains versus fruits and vegetables in reducing subclinical inflammation and promoting gastrointestinal health in individuals affected by overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial, Nutr. J., 17, 72, 10.1186/s12937-018-0381-7 · DOI
  80. Mardinoglu, 2018, An Integrated Understanding of the Rapid Metabolic Benefits of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Hepatic Steatosis in Humans, Cell Metab., 27, 559, 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.005 · DOI · Paper page
  81. Markova, 2017, Isocaloric Diets High in Animal or Plant Protein Reduce Liver Fat and Inflammation in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes, Gastroenterology, 152, 571, 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.007 · DOI · Paper page
  82. Agudelo, 2018, Kynurenic Acid and Gpr35 Regulate Adipose Tissue Energy Homeostasis and Inflammation, Cell Metab., 27, 378, 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.004 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Wu, 2019, Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance, Front. Immunol., 9, 3160, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Walsh, 2019, Nutrition and Athlete Immune Health: New Perspectives on an Old Paradigm, Sports Med., 49, 153, 10.1007/s40279-019-01160-3 · DOI
  85. Parker, 2018, Probiotics and gastrointestinal conditions: An overview of evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration, Nutrition, 45, 125, 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.024 · DOI
  86. Colbey, 2018, Upper Respiratory Symptoms, Gut Health and Mucosal Immunity in Athletes, Sports Med., 48, 65, 10.1007/s40279-017-0846-4 · DOI · Paper page
  87. Gao, 2018, Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 8, 13, 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00013 · DOI · Paper page
  88. Chaves, 2008, Effect of long-term continuous consumption of fermented milk containing probiotic bacteria on mucosal immunity and the activity of peritoneal macrophages, Immunobiology, 213, 97, 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.07.002 · DOI
  89. Fukushima, 2007, Improvement of nutritional status and incidence of infection in hospitalised, enterally fed elderly by feeding of fermented milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC533), Br. J. Nutr., 98, 969, 10.1017/S0007114507764723 · DOI
  90. Guillemard, 2010, Consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 reduces the duration of respiratory infections in the elderly in a randomised controlled trial, Br. J. Nutr., 103, 58, 10.1017/S0007114509991395 · DOI · Paper page
  91. Turchet, 2003, Effect of fermented milk containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 on winter infections in free-living elderly subjects: A randomised, controlled pilot study, J. Nutr. Health Aging, 7, 75
  92. Pedrosa, 2011, A mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. A dose-response, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial, Nutr. Hosp., 26, 228

Cited by

See all 175

Metadata

Authors
Weyh, C., Krüger, K., & Strasser, B.
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-02-28
Volume
12
Issue
3
Pages
622
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu12030622
Cited by
175
References
31
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.