Recent Advances in the Remediation of Textile-Dye-Containing Wastewater: Prioritizing Human Health and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

In the paper

“Furthermore, the adsorption process was seen to be endothermic in nature and occurred spontaneously [130].”

What the sources say

• Disputed

  The Abstract calls adsorption spontaneous and endothermic, but §3.4 (Thermodynamic study) reports negative ΔH values for both dyes and explicitly identifies adsorption as exothermic. The same section supports the spontaneous part through negative ΔG° values. The detailed results therefore contradict the claim's endothermic characterization. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

  cites [130] Aljeboree, 2017, Kinetics and Equilibrium Study for the Adsorption of Textile Dyes on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, Arab. J. Chem. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Frequently, these compounds are recognized for their ionization properties and notable water solubility, leading to their facile dissemination into both the surroundings and human physiology [21].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction (page unavailable) says dyes’ high water solubility leads to wide dissemination into the environment and can harm human health. It does not say that ionization causes this dissemination or that dyes disseminate into human physiology. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  cites [21] Adeyemo, 2017, Adsorption of Dyes Using Different Types of Clay: A Review, Appl. Water Sci. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Currently, a global revolution is underway advocating for the recycling of organic wastes from agriculture, forests, and industries into economically viable products [130].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction (section 1; page unavailable) describes strong interest in making inexpensive activated carbon from waste wood and agricultural biomaterials, with potential commercial benefits. It does not establish a global recycling revolution or address organic industrial wastes and economically viable products generally; its discussion is limited to activated carbon. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  cites [130] Aljeboree, 2017, Kinetics and Equilibrium Study for the Adsorption of Textile Dyes on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, Arab. J. Chem. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The wastewater generated by the textile industry has significant coloration, a fluctuating pH, and contains various salts, alkalis, and acids, which contribute to elevated levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and suspended solids (SS) [95].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  cites [95] Sela, 2020, Utilization of Prawn to Reduce the Value of BOD and COD of Textile Wastewater, Clean. Eng. Technol. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Consequently, these waste liquids can contribute to the degradation of water quality, leading to the development of toxic properties, as evidenced by changes in odor and color [86,87].”

What the sources say

• ?Could not verify

  The Results and discussion section addresses photosynthetic performance of in vitro plantlets, not the effects of waste liquids on water quality. Searches for waste liquids, wastewater, toxicity, odor, and color found no passage in our copy addressing the claim; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.76)

  cites [86] Soni, 2021, In Vitro Propagation and Analysis of Mixotrophic Potential to Improve Survival Rate of Dolichandra Unguis-Cati under Ex Vitro Conditions, Heliyon sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [87] Li, 2022, Sustainable Production of Bio-Oil and Carbonaceous Materials from Biowaste Co-Pyrolysis, Chem. Eng. J. source

In the paper

“Research indicates that the global citrus processing industry generates a substantial amount of trash, estimated at approximately 120 million tons [120], creating serious ecological issue.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Introduction states that citrus processing industries generate 110–120 million tons of waste worldwide each year and that this creates major pollution and waste-management challenges. The citing sentence’s approximately 120 million tons and ecological concern accurately paraphrase that passage. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites [120] Mahato, N., Sharma, K., Sinha, M., Baral, E.R., Koteswararao, R., Dhyani, A., Hwan Cho, M., and Cho, S. (2020). Bio-Sorbents, Industrially Important Chemicals and Novel Materials from Citrus Processing Waste as a Sustainable and Renewable Bioresource: A Review, Cairo University. source

In the paper

“In recent years, there has been a significant focus on the removal of dyes from wastewater owing to their hazardous properties and conspicuousness also now this wastewater also contains the microplastics [27,28].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] 2015, A Simple Model to Predict Mass Transfer Rates and Kinetics of Biochemical and Biomedical Michaelis-Menten Surface Reactions, Int. J. Heat. Mass. Transf. source
• Partly supported

  The Materials and methods section says the researchers filtered microfibers from jeans-washing wastewater, supporting the point that this wastewater contains microplastics. The paper does not address a recent focus on removing dyes from wastewater or attribute that focus to dyes’ hazardous properties and conspicuousness. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites [28] Periyasamy, 2021, Evaluation of Microfiber Release from Jeans: The Impact of Different Washing Conditions, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Adsorption is advantageous over alternative approaches due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, non-toxic nature, presence of reactive surface atoms, and large surface area [130].”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Introduction describes adsorption as superior to other dye-removal methods in initial cost, simplicity of design, ease of operation, and non-toxicity of the adsorbents. It also identifies high surface area and reactive surface atoms as desirable features of adsorbents used in the process. (LLM, conf=0.89)

  cites [130] Aljeboree, 2017, Kinetics and Equilibrium Study for the Adsorption of Textile Dyes on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, Arab. J. Chem. source

In the paper

“Typically, there are two paths, which include textile dye ingestion or inhalation can irritate the skin and eyes [26,70,103], particularly if it occurs in dusty conditions [70].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The “Sustainability of Denim; Why It Is Important” section says that dyes can contain toxic heavy metals that damage the skin. It does not say that dye ingestion or inhalation irritates the eyes, or that irritation is particularly likely in dusty conditions; searches for those exposure routes and dust found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  cites [26] Periyasamy, A.P., and Periyasami, S. (2023). Critical Review on Sustainability in Denim: A Step toward Sustainable Production and Consumption of Denim. ACS Omega. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Could not verify

  Section 2.1 (Coloration) discusses textile dyes and some health hazards, while Section 3 identifies ingestion and inhalation as exposure routes for microfibers. Neither section says that ingesting or inhaling textile dyes irritates the skin or eyes, particularly in dusty conditions; searches for eye irritation and dusty conditions found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.72)

  cites [70] Periyasamy, A.P. (2023). Microfiber Emissions from Functionalized Textiles: Potential Threat for Human Health and Environmental Risks. Toxics, 11. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Could not verify

  Section 4.2 discusses how dyes affect microfiber identification, and Section 3.1 discusses their effect on microfiber biodegradability. Neither addresses skin or eye irritation from ingesting or inhaling textile dyes, including in dusty conditions (searched: dye ingestion, inhalation, skin and eye irritation, and dusty conditions). (LLM, conf=0.74)

  cites [103] Periyasamy, A.P. (2023). Environmentally Friendly Approach to the Reduction of Microplastics during Domestic Washing: Prospects for Machine Vision in Microplastics Reduction. Toxics, 11. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The effectiveness of adsorption was seen to improve with longer contact time, higher solution pH values, and increasing dose of waste black tea powder [141].”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Section 3.2.1 reports that methylene blue removal efficiency increased with contact time. Section 3.2.2 reports increased adsorption efficiency as pH rose, and Section 3.2.5 reports increased efficiency with a higher waste black tea powder dose, though gains beyond 4 g/L were negligible. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites [141] Lin, 2020, Adsorption of Dye by Waste Black Tea Powder: Parameters, Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies, J. Chem. source

In the paper

“Textile dyes are extremely deadly and include aromatic chemicals that have the potential to cause cancer [97][98][99].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction says several dyes have toxic effects and that their oxidation products are often carcinogenic. The Results and discussion describes indigo carmine as containing benzene rings and as highly toxic and carcinogenic, but the paper does not say textile dyes generally are “extremely deadly.” (LLM, conf=0.86)

  cites [97] 2023, Treatment of Water from the Textile Industry Contaminated with Indigo Dye: A Hybrid Approach Combining Bioremediation and Nanofiltration for Sustainable Reuse, Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [98] Jorge, 2023, Textile Dyes Effluents: A Current Scenario and the Use of Aqueous Biphasic Systems for the Recovery of Dyes, J. Water Process Eng. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [99] Mu, 2023, Complete Recycling of Polymers and Dyes from Polyester/Cotton Blended Textiles via Cost-Effective and Destruction-Minimized Dissolution, Swelling, Precipitation, and Separation, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. source

In the paper

“Azoreductases are typically pH-stable within the range of 5-9, and their activity is at its peak under physiological conditions [197]”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The ‘Optimal pH, temperature, and thermal stability’ section says that many known azoreductases are stable at pH 5–9 and that most show optimal activity at physiological pH. This directly supports both parts of the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites [197] Misal, S.A., and Gawai, K.R. (2018). Azoreductase: A Key Player of Xenobiotic Metabolism. Bioresour. Bioprocess., 5. source

In the paper

“This process yields aromatic amines, which are subsequently eliminated by microbial enzymes including mono-and di-oxygenases, as well as hydrolases [222].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction says azoreductase reduces azo bonds, and the Discussion says this cleavage yields “aromatic azo compounds.” Neither section identifies the products as aromatic amines or describes their subsequent elimination by monooxygenases, dioxygenases, or hydrolases; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  cites [222] Sarkar, 2020, Structural-Functional Analyses of Textile Dye Degrading Azoreductase, Laccase and Peroxidase: A Comparative in Silico Study, Electron. J. Biotechnol. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Bacterial organisms have the advantageous characteristic of exhibiting shorter development durations, in addition to their capability to breakdown and mineralize dyes [227].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The section on bacterial strains used in dye degradation reports that Bacillus megaterium degraded an azo dye into small aliphatic compounds and CO2, supporting the dye-degradation and mineralization part of the claim. The passages on bacterial growth and degradation conditions do not establish that bacteria have shorter development durations. (LLM, conf=0.83)

  cites [227] Moyo, 2022, Use of Bacterial Isolates in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater: A Review, Heliyon sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Polyalcohols, which are lipids linked to form lipoteichoic acids known as Gram positive, are present within the cell divider [204].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction (page unavailable) says Gram-positive cell walls contain teichoic acids and that membrane teichoic acids anchored to a glycolipid are called lipoteichoic acids. It does not identify these molecules as polyalcohols, so that part of the citing sentence is not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  cites [204] Szentirmai, 2021, Lipoteichoic Acid, a Cell Wall Component of Gram-Positive Bacteria, Induces Sleep and Fever and Suppresses Feeding, Brain Behav. Immun. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Azoreductases are a distinct class of flavoenzymes that have the potential to facilitate the reduction of azo bonds (-N=N-) present in the aromatic dyes by hydrolysis of azo bonds in the presence of oxygen or in the absence of oxygen, hence participating in the metabolic breakdown of dyes (see Figure 7b) [221].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The “Azoreductases for dye degradation” section describes azoreductases as flavoenzymes that reduce azo bonds and says they break those bonds during dye metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It describes the mechanism as transfer of reducing equivalents through FMN, not hydrolysis of the azo bonds; hydrolases are mentioned as enzymes involved in later degradation. Page numbers are not supplied for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites [221] Harish, B.S., Thayumanavan, T., Nambukrishnan, V., and Sakthishobana, K. (2023). Heterogeneous Biocatalytic System for Effective Decolorization of Textile Dye Effluent. 3 Biotech., 13. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The use of auxiliary agents in the dye and their impact on dye degradation, as well as the influence of different salts on the process of ozonation, were investigated through the application of the AOP [250].”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Introduction reports studies of how auxiliary agents affect dye degradation with ozone-based AOPs, including studies of different salts’ effects on ozonation. Section 3.2 also compares dye decolorization with and without textile auxiliaries in this paper’s experiments. The different-salt findings are reported from earlier studies, not presented as this paper’s own experiments. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  cites [250] Gmurek, 2016, Comparison between Industrial and Simulated Textile Wastewater Treatment by AOPs—Biodegradability, Toxicity and Cost Assessment, Chem. Eng. J. source

In the paper

“The substance in question may be categorized as either natural or synthetic, and it possesses several notable advantages, including affordability, minimal equipment requirements, straightforward operation, and the absence of solvents [67].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The paper’s §2.2.3, “Merits and demerits of ion-exchange resins” (page not given), says resins are easy to handle and describes cheap alternatives, but says commercial resins are relatively expensive. It mentions synthetic resins and biomass-based alternatives, but does not establish the claimed natural-or-synthetic classification or the asserted minimal equipment requirements and absence of solvents. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  cites [67] Hassan, 2018, A Critical Review on Recent Advancements of the Removal of Reactive Dyes from Dyehouse Effluent by Ion-Exchange Adsorbents, Chemosphere sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Notable catalysts that can be utilized include ferrous salts, Al 3+ , and Cu 2+ [49].”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Introduction to Fenton Process lists ferrous sulphate as the normally used catalyst and identifies iron salts, Al³⁺, and Cu²⁺ as others normally used. This supports the cited list of catalysts. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites [49] Patil, 2014, Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Fenton’s Process as a Advanced Oxidation Process, IOSR J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. source

In the paper

“Furthermore, it has been utilized for the purpose of decolorizing Reactive Orange 16 [216][217][218][219].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The “Degradation of Dyes by Fungi” section identifies lignin peroxidase as part of an enzyme system involved in synthetic-dye degradation. Neither that section nor the retrieved passages on dye decolorization mention Reactive Orange 16, so the specific dye attribution is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  cites [216] Jamee, 2019, Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes of Textile Effluent by Microorganisms: An Environmentally and Economically Sustainable Approach, Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Could not verify

  The Introduction discusses enzymatic decolorization of azo dyes generally, while the Discussion attributes decolorization by Chlorella vulgaris to algal azo dye reductase and other mechanisms. Searches for lignin peroxidase and Reactive Orange 16 found no passage in our copy addressing their use together; the dye list in 'Determination of total dye' does not include Reactive Orange 16. No page numbers were available. (LLM, conf=0.76)

  cites [217] Mohamed, 2014, Bioremediation of the Textile Waste Effluent by Chlorella Vulgaris, Egypt. J. Aquat. Res. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [218] Chin, 2020, Removal of Synthetic Dye by Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae as Natural Adsorbent, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. source
• Not checked yetcites [219] Gangola, S., Bhatt, P., Chaudhary, P., Khati, P., Kumar, N., and Sharma, A. (2018). Microbial Biotechnology in Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup, IGI Global.

In the paper

“Ion exchange is a widely employed method for the widespread removal of inorganic salts and organic anionic constituents, such as antibiotics, amino acids, organic acids, and small compounds [67].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  Section 2, “Types of ion-exchange adsorbents,” says these adsorbents bind oppositely charged pollutants and reviews their use to remove anionic reactive dyes. Section 2.2.3 calls ion-exchange resins popular. The copy does not establish their widespread use to remove inorganic salts or the other organic constituents listed in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.83)

  cites [67] Hassan, 2018, A Critical Review on Recent Advancements of the Removal of Reactive Dyes from Dyehouse Effluent by Ion-Exchange Adsorbents, Chemosphere sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The hypothesis posits that the process of anaerobic digestion of textile waste leads to the generation of biogas, as evidenced by the works [300][301][302].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [300] Wang, 2017, A Roadmap for Achieving Energy-Positive Sewage Treatment Based on Sludge Treatment Using Free Ammonia, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [301] Sultana, 2015, Bio-Electro Degradation of Azo-Dye in a Combined Anaerobic–Aerobic Process along with Energy Recovery, New J. Chem. source
• Partly supported

  The Introduction states that anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge produces biogas, and Section 3.3 discusses biogas from anaerobic sludge stabilization. The cited paper does not establish that the same result holds for textile waste, the feedstock specified in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites [302] Đurđević, D., Blecich, P., and Jurić, Ž. (2019). Energy Recovery from Sewage Sludge: The Case Study of Croatia. Energies, 12. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Bacterial organisms have the advantageous characteristic of exhibiting shorter development durations, in addition to their capability to breakdown and mineralize dyes[227].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The review’s section on bacterial strains used in dye degradation reports that Bacillus megaterium broke down an azo dye into small aliphatic compounds and CO2, supporting bacterial dye breakdown and mineralization in that example. The passages examined do not establish the claimed shorter development durations for bacteria; dye-degradation times are not bacterial development times. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  cites [227] Moyo, 2022, Use of Bacterial Isolates in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater: A Review, Heliyon sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The ZLD method in the textile industry focuses on achieving the goal of eliminating any disposal of liquid waste resulting from various waste-generating processes [94,309].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [94] Kopperi, 2023, Sustainable Consideration for Traditional Textile Handloom Cluster/Village in Pollution Abatement—A Case Study, Environ. Pollut. source
• Supported

  The Introduction describes ZLD as a closed water cycle that keeps treated, recyclable water within the system. The Conclusions describe treatment of wastewater from different textile-processing stages as leading toward zero liquid discharge. Together, these support the stated goal of eliminating liquid-waste disposal, rather than claiming that every system already achieves it. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites [309] Jahan, N., Tahmid, M., Shoronika, A.Z., Fariha, A., Roy, H., Pervez, M.N., Cai, Y., Naddeo, V., and Islam, M.S. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on the Sustainable Treatment of Textile Wastewater: Zero Liquid Discharge and Resource Recovery Perspectives. Sustainability, 14. source

In the paper

“The hybrid process, known as PMS, utilizes a compact reactor and demonstrates energy efficiency while effectively eliminating complex and toxic pollutants [278,279].”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Introduction describes photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) as a hybrid of photocatalysis and membrane separation, and Section 5 reports removal of several pollutants. But the paper discusses PMRs, not a process called PMS; it does not establish that they use compact reactors. The Conclusions and Prospects describe energy efficiency as a goal for an ideal PMR, not a demonstrated property of the process. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  cites [278] Chakachaka, V., Tshangana, C., Mahlangu, O., Mamba, B., and Muleja, A. (2022). Interdependence of Kinetics and Fluid Dynamics in the Design of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors. Membranes, 12. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [279] Kumar, 2022, TiO2 Based Photocatalysis Membranes: An Efficient Strategy for Pharmaceutical Mineralization, Sci. Total Environ. source

In the paper

“The textile industry is a significant contributor to water pollution [9], and it is also responsible for approximately 20% of global water pollution [10], as the second largest polluter after the oil industry [10].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Ahmed, 2012, Equilibrium Isotherms and Kinetics Modeling of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Agricultural Wastes-Based Activated Carbons, Fluid. Phase Equilib. source
• Not checked yetcites [10] Mohamed, 2017, Hassaan; Ahmed El Nemr Health and Environmental Impacts of Dyes: Mini Review, Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng.

In the paper

“The utilization of synthetic dyes, which are derived from benzene and its derivatives, has supplanted the use of conventional natural dyes, leading to the development of over 10,000 dyes with varying chemical structures and characteristics [25].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] Amir, 2019, Effect on Different TiO2 Photocatalyst Supports on Photodecolorization of Synthetic Dyes: A Review, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. source

In the paper

“In comparison to other industrial sectors, the textile industry is known to have the highest water and chemical consumption, with over 8000 species being utilized [11][12][13].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Ahmad, 2007, Adsorption of Direct Dye on Palm Ash: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling, J. Hazard. Mater. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Bhatia, 2017, Biological Methods for Textile Dye Removal from Wastewater: A Review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Afroze, 2018, A Review on Heavy Metal Ions and Dye Adsorption from Water by Agricultural Solid Waste Adsorbents, Water Air Soil. Pollut. source

In the paper

“Approximately 800,000 tons of dyes are produced annually, with 10-15% of this quantity being lost to the environment [18].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [18] Ledakowicz, 2010, Application of Anoxic Fixed Film and Aerobic CSTR Bioreactor in Treatment of Nanofiltration Concentrate of Real Textile Wastewater, Chem. Pap.

In the paper

“Bacteria can be employed to remove dye decolorization in specific cases, resulting in a 30% reduction in effluent toxicity [200,201].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [200] Jadhav, 2010, Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Bacterial Consortium for the Removal of Color, Reduction of Heavy Metals, and Toxicity from Textile Dye Effluent, Bioresour. Technol. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [201] Chan, 2012, Genome Sequence of Citrobacter Sp. Strain A1, a Dye-Degrading Bacterium, J. Bacteriol. source

In the paper

“As significant primary producers in freshwater and marine environments, microalgae are vital to aquatic ecosystems because they provide food for everyone from tiny zooplanktons to gigantic whales [88,89].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [88] Khan, 2022, Recent Progress in Microalgae-Derived Biochar for the Treatment of Textile Industry Wastewater, Chemosphere source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [89] Mishra, 2023, Integrating Microalgae into Textile Wastewater Treatment Processes: Advancements and Opportunities, J. Water Process Eng. source

In the paper

“The residual tea waste possesses a significant calorific value, making it suitable for utilization in steam generation within the textile sector following appropriate saturation [142].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [142] Jain, 2020, Batch and Continuous Studies for Adsorption of Anionic Dye onto Waste Tea Residue: Kinetic, Equilibrium, Breakthrough and Reusability Studies, J. Clean. Prod. source

In the paper

“Certain dyes have the potential to cause mutagenic reactions; one such dye is Disperse Red 1 [106].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [106] Chequer, 2009, The Azo Dyes Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 Increase the Micronuclei Frequencies in Human Lymphocytes and in HepG2 Cells, Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. source

In the paper

“Banana fiber is an economically accessible and abundantly available material, owing to its substantial cultivation and extensive presence as a crop, with a global count over 25 billion banana or plantain trees [132].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [132] Castillo, 2023, Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Banana Waste Utilization into Food Packaging and Liquid Fertilizer, Sustain. Prod. Consum. source

In the paper

“Additionally, the presence of dyes can disrupt seed germination and hinder plant growth, as well as cause chromosomal aberrations and various diseases [23,29].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [23] Singh, 2017, Rajani Srivastava an Overview of Textile Dyes and Their Removaltechniques: Indian Perspective, Polution Res. Pap.
• Not checked yetcites [29] Sachidhanandham, A., and Periyasamy, A.P. (2021). Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, Springer International Publishing.

In the paper

“The rate of removal is contingent upon several factors, including the concentration of O 2 , the ratio of organic load to microorganism load and dye load, and the temperature range [58,194].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [58] Paz, 2017, Biological Treatment of Model Dyes and Textile Wastewaters, Chemosphere source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [194] Holkar, 2016, A Critical Review on Textile Wastewater Treatments: Possible Approaches, J. Environ. Manag. source

In the paper

“The textile business employs many categories of dyes, with azo dyes being the predominant group utilized, accounting for over 60% of the industry's usage [71].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [71] Periyasamy, A.P., and Militky, J. (2020). Sustainability in the Textile and Apparel Industries, Springer Nature.

In the paper

“At present, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) presents itself as an environmentally conscious and sustainable method for commercial implementation.”

In the paper

“The AOP has gained significant popularity in the field of leachate treatment and water reuse [251].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [251] Kumar, P.S., and Yaashikaa, P.R. (2018). Sustainable Innovations in Apparel Production, Springer.

In the paper

“Textile effluent is commonly subjected to evaporation through two primary methods, namely solar evaporation and mechanical evaporation [195,236].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [195] Sarayu, 2012, Current Technologies for Biological Treatment of Textile Wastewater-A Review, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [236] Ranganathan, 2007, Recycling of Wastewaters of Textile Dyeing Industries Using Advanced Treatment Technology and Cost Analysis—Case Studies, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. source

In the paper

“Similarly, Azolla rong pong exhibited decolorization rates of 30% for Acid Green-3 [213] and 43% for Acid Blue-15 [214].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [213] Padmesh, 2006, Application of Azolla Rongpong on Biosorption of Acid Red 88, Acid Green 3, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 15 from Synthetic Solutions, Chem. Eng. J. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [214] Padmesh, 2006, Biosorption of Acid Blue 15 Using Fresh Water Macroalga Azolla Filiculoides: Batch and Column Studies, Dye Pigment source

In the paper

“The Honda-Fujishima effect was investigated by Fujishima et al. [269], who employed solar energy and titanium dioxide as photocatalysts to carry out water breakdown and hydrogen reduction activities.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [269] Fujishima, 1972, Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode, Nature source

In the paper

“This innovative approach also lowers the need for additional biological treatment, resulting in a simplified operational procedure [41,267].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [41] Malik, 2020, Hybrid Ozonation Process for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Applications: A Review, J. Water Process Eng. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [267] Bai, 2024, MgAl2O4 Incorporated Catalytic Ceramic Membrane for Catalytic Ozonation of Organic Pollutants, Appl. Catal. B. source

In the paper

“This process effectively oxidizes color, odor, and bacteria without generating any detrimental substances [258][259][260].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [258] Somensi, 2010, Use of Ozone in a Pilot-Scale Plant for Textile Wastewater Pre-Treatment: Physico-Chemical Efficiency, Degradation by-Products Identification and Environmental Toxicity of Treated Wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [259] Lo, 2011, Degradation of Chelating Agents in Aqueous Solution Using Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), Chemosphere source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [260] Sevimli, 2002, Ozone Treatment of Textile Effluents and Dyes: Effect of Applied Ozone Dose, PH and Dye Concentration, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. source

In the paper

“There exist several forms of AOPs, including ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/UV, UV/TiO 2 , UV/hydrogen peroxide, Fenton reactions, Photo-Fenton reactions, ultrasonic irradiation, heat/persulfate, UV/persulfate, Fe(II)/persulfate, and OH-/persulfate [252].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [252] Yu, 2024, A Review on Recent Advances of Biochar from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes: Preparation, Modification and Applications in Wastewater Treatment, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. source

In the paper

“The membranes of NF possess a thin outer layer that is typically non-porous, operating at the nanoscale, and exhibiting a high level of permeability [62].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [62] Cinperi, 2019, Treatment of Woolen Textile Wastewater Using Membrane Bioreactor, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Reuse in Production Processes, J. Clean. Prod. source

In the paper

“The AOP is well recognized as a prominent technique for the treatment of industrial wastewater, owing to the considerable oxidative potential shown by ozone and the resulting generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) [249].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [249] Dehghanzadeh, 2020, Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation (ACCO) of Reactive Blue 194 Azo Dye in Aqueous Saline Solution: Experimental Parameters, Kinetic and Analysis of Activated Carbon Properties, J. Water Process Eng. source

In the paper

“According to reports, it was observed that the decolorization reached a maximum of 97%, while the elimination of COD reached up to 98%.”

In the paper

“One of the primary benefits of NF is its reduced energy consumption, which leads to a higher efficiency in the removal of contaminants [239].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [239] Tang, 2002, Nanofiltration of Textile Wastewater for Water Reuse, Desalination source

In the paper

“It was also suggested that the rate at which dyes are removed by SBR is influenced by the volumetric dye loading rate [275].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [275] Nuid, 2023, Pineapple Wastewater as Co-Substrate in Treating Real Alkaline, Non-Biodegradable Textile Wastewater Using Biogranulation Technology, J. Environ. Manage. source

In the paper

“The reduction in effluent load and the recovery of NaOH is a very straightforward operation, as it does not include the presence of additional chemicals, such as dyes.”

In the paper

“To enhance the biodegradability of sludge, several pre-treatment methods may be employed.These include thermal pre-treatment, enzymatic treatment, ozonation, chemical solubilization by acidification or alkaline hydrolysis, as well as mechanical sludge disintegration and ultrasonic pre-treatment [298,299].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [298] Zhang, 2016, Effect of Energy Grass on Methane Production and Heavy Metal Fractionation during Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge, Waste Manag. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [299] Yang, 2016, Occurrence of Trace Organic Contaminants in Wastewater Sludge and Their Removals by Anaerobic Digestion, Bioresour. Technol. source

In the paper

“Mercerization is a significant textile finishing technique performed on cotton fabric, including the application of a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution (ranging from 20% to 30%) [316,317].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [316] Okano, 1985, Mercerization of Cellulose. II. Alkali–Cellulose Intermediates and a Possible Mercerization Mechanism, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [317] Nishimura, 1987, Mercerization of Cellulose. III. Changes in Crystallite Sizes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. source

In the paper

“Sustainable wastewater treatments have several advantageous attributes, indicating their preference for minimizing chemical use in wastewater treatment plants, reducing energy consumption, and mitigating the carbon impact, among other benefits.”

In the paper

“The effective management and recovery of dyes and other chemical substances can contribute to the attainment of environmental sustainability and foster economic advancement.”

In the paper

“The recovery of sodium hydroxide from the procedure was found above 90%, recovered NaOH has the potential to be recycled into the process [318].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [318] Jang, Y. (2007). Technical Proceedings of the 2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show, CRC Press.

In the paper

“This separation is primarily caused by the difference in Fermi levels between the two semiconductors, as seen in Figure 12b.”

In the paper

“the prevailing price is contingent upon the region's authoritative needs, the availability of feedstock, and the labor force [291,327].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [291] Shabir, 2022, A Review on Recent Advances in the Treatment of Dye-Polluted Wastewater, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [327] Andooz, 2023, A Comprehensive Review on Pyrolysis from the Circular Economy Point of View and Its Environmental and Social Effects, J. Clean. Prod. source

In the paper

“the utilization of LCA may facilitate the identification of research and development goals and provide guidance for enhancing innovation by mitigating challenges related to waste disposal and the discharge of hazardous chemicals.”

In the paper

“In certain cases, using multiple methods could improve pollutant removal efficiency.”

In the paper

“Photocatalysis, specifically AOPs, facilitates the acceleration of a photoreaction by the absorption of photons from light.”

In the paper

“The findings of the study revealed that the forward osmosis membrane exhibited complete rejection of dyes, with a dye reconcentration ranging from 82% to 98%.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [326] Yasmeen, 2023, Recovering and Reuse of Textile Dyes from Dyebath Effluent Using Surfactant Driven Forward Osmosis to Achieve Zero Hazardous Chemical Discharge, Water Res. source

In the paper

“Various elements play a significant role in the management of sludge, including local and national geographical considerations, agronomic issues, economic aspects, and stakeholder perception [292,293].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [292] Lacasse, K., and Baumann, W. (2004). Textile Chemicals, Springer. source
• Not checked yetcites [293] Anjum, 2017, Textile Wastewater Treatment Options: A Critical Review, Enhancing Cleanup of Environmental Pollutants

In the paper

“The significant characteristics of anaerobic digestion are the reduction in mass, formation of methane, and enhancement of dewatering qualities in the fermented sludge [292-297].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [292] Lacasse, K., and Baumann, W. (2004). Textile Chemicals, Springer. source
• Not checked yetcites [293] Anjum, 2017, Textile Wastewater Treatment Options: A Critical Review, Enhancing Cleanup of Environmental Pollutants
• Not checked yetcites [294] Wang, 2008, Conversion of Sewage Sludge to Biosolids, Biosolids Engineering and Management
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [295] Yadav, 2011, Industrial Wastes and Sludges Management by Vermicomposting, Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [296] Karn, 2015, Hydrolytic Enzyme Protease in Sludge: Recovery and Its Application, Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [297] He, 2017, Advances in Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. source

In the paper

“Consequently, this supplementary treatment incurs additional costs, thereby impacting the overall feasibility of the process.”

In the paper

“The semiconductor denoted as S1, which possesses a relatively low Fermi energy level, undergoes the acceptance of electrons from the semiconductor denoted as S2, which has a higher Fermi energy level.”

In the paper

“the implementation of a plan that combines several approaches will be crucial in addressing efficiency.”

In the paper

“The practice of reusing and recycling wastewater has the potential to not only mitigate the demand for freshwater resources, but also facilitate the reduction in waste and surplus resources.”

In the paper

“When two semiconductors are brought into contact, there is a phenomenon of charge separation that takes place at the interfaces.”

In the paper

“Consequently, an internal electric field is established at the interface, directing the flow of electrons from S2 to S1, as seen in Figure 12b.”

In the paper

“The application of polyelectrolytes as a conditioning agent for sludge dewatering operations has gained popularity due to its ability to enhance process yields [306-308].”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [306] Vigneswaran, C., Ananthasubramanian, M., and Kandhavadivu, P.B.T.-B.T. (2014). Bioprocessing of Textiles, Woodhead Publishing. source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [307] Faubert, 2016, Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Management Practices: What Are the Challenges to Assess the Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions?, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. source
• Not checked yetcites [308] Wilderer, 2011, 4.20—Water in the Textile Industry, Treatise on Water Science

In the paper

“The effluent from dyebaths also results in the discharge of significant amounts of unabsorbed dyes, leading to a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels and the generation of high COD [71,[323][324][325].”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites [71,[323][324][325]