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Cited by 222Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Ingestion of wheat protein increases in vivo muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy older men in a randomized trial

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Gorissen, Stefan HM, Horstman, Astrid MH, Franssen, Rinske, Crombag, Julie JR, Langer, Henning, Bierau, Jörgen, Respondek, Frederique, van Loon, Luc JC·2016·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/jn.116.231340
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Abstract

Background Muscle mass maintenance is largely regulated by basal muscle protein synthesis and the capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis after food intake. The postprandial muscle protein synthetic response is modulated by the amount, source, and type of protein consumed. It has been suggested that plant-based proteins are less potent in stimulating postprandial muscle protein synthesis than animal-derived proteins. However, few data support this contention.Objective We aimed to assess postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations and muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of a substantial 35-g bolus of wheat protein hydrolysate compared with casein and whey protein.Methods Sixty healthy older men [mean ± SEM age: 71 ± 1 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25.3 ± 0.3] received a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-(13)C6]-phenylalanine and ingested 35 g wheat protein (n = 12), 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-35; n = 12), 35 g micellar casein (MCas-35; n = 12), 35 g whey protein (Whey-35; n = 12), or 60 g wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-60; n = 12). Plasma and muscle samples were collected at regular intervals.Results The postprandial increase in plasma essential amino acid concentrations was greater after ingesting Whey-35 (2.23 ± 0.07 mM) than after MCas-35 (1.53 ± 0.08 mM) and WPH-35 (1.50 ± 0.04 mM) (P < 0.01). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates increased after ingesting MCas-35 (P < 0.01) and were higher after ingesting MCas-35 (0.050% ± 0.005%/h) than after WPH-35 (0.032% ± 0.004%/h) (P = 0.03). The postprandial increase in plasma leucine concentrations was greater after ingesting Whey-35 than after WPH-60 (peak value: 580 ± 18 compared with 378 ± 10 μM, respectively; P < 0.01), despite similar leucine contents (4.4 g leucine). Nevertheless, the ingestion of WPH-60 increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates above basal rates (0.049% ± 0.007%/h; P = 0.02).Conclusions The myofibrillar protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 35 g casein is greater than after an equal amount of wheat protein. Ingesting a larger amount of wheat protein (i.e., 60 g) substantially increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in healthy older men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01952639.

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  • Limited evidence using wheat protein in older men has suggested that wheat protein stimulates significantly lower levels of MPS when compared to an identical dose (35 g) of casein protein, but when this dose is increased nearly two fold (60 g) this protein source is able to significantly increase rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis.

    “Limited evidence using wheat protein in older men has suggested that wheat protein stimulates significantly lower levels of MPS when compared to an identical dose (35 g) of casein protein, but when this dose is increased nearly two fold (60 g) this protein source is able to significantly increase rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis [192].”

    From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [192]

  • Casein ingestion resulted in a greater increase in MPS compared with a protein-matched wheat protein hydrolysate in healthy older men, as wheat failed to significantly increase rates of MPS above postabsorptive levels.

    “Further, casein ingestion resulted in a greater increase in MPS compared with a protein-matched wheat protein hydrolysate in healthy older men, as wheat failed to significantly increase rates of MPS above postabsorptive levels [87].”

    From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [87]

  • Ingestion of 35 g micellar casein by older non-exercising men caused greater increases in MPS in the 4-h postingestion period than 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate.

    “ingestion of 35 g micellar casein by older men (non-exercising) versus 35 g wheat protein hydrolysate caused greater increases in MPS in the 4-h postingestion period [116].”

    From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [116]

  • Upping the dose of wheat protein hydrolysate to 60 g resulted in rates of MPS that exceeded that of 35 g whey protein and were comparable to that of 35 g micellar casein.

    “However, upping the dose of wheat protein hydrolysate to 60 g resulted in rates of MPS that exceeded that of 35 g whey protein and were comparable to that of 35 g micellar casein.”

    From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [116]

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Authors
Gorissen, S. H., Horstman, A. M., Franssen, R., Crombag, J. J., Langer, H., Bierau, J., Respondek, F., & van Loon, L. J.
Affiliations
Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-09
Volume
146
Issue
9
Pages
1651-1659
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/jn.116.231340
OpenAlex
W2495419802
Cited by
221
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
8.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
muscle protein synthesis, older men, plant proteins, whey protein, casein, leucine, myofibrillar protein synthesis, muscle mass preservation, plasma amino acids, sarcopenia prevention
MeSH terms
Whey Proteins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Essential, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Caseins, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Leucine, Male, Muscle Proteins, Myofibrils, Phenylalanine, Plant Proteins, Protein Hydrolysates, Protein Biosynthesis, Triticum, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Postprandial Period

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