The analgesic potential of cannabinoids.

In the paper

“Marijuana use is followed by a disruption of short-term memory, cognitive impairment, a sense of slowing of time, mood alterations, enhanced body awareness, reduced ability to focus, incoordination, and sleepiness [9].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [9] Svizenska I Dubovy P Sulcova A Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their distribution, ligands and functional involvement in nervous system structures–a short review Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008 90 4 501 511 18584858

In the paper

“CB-2 receptor activation also inhibits adenylyl cyclase, but does not influence ion conductance [15].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [15] Howlett AC Breivogel CS Childers SR Cannabinoid physiology and pharmacology: 30 years of progress Neuropharmacology 2004 47 Suppl 1 345 358 15464149

In the paper

“Importantly, this variability in cell signaling induced by cannabinoids in neuronal and non-neuronal cells suggests that the effect of cannabinoids will need to be examined for both their anti-nociceptive activity and the peripheral effect for individual pathological condition.”

In the paper

“Clinical and experimental studies show that cannabis-derived compounds act as anti-emetic, appetite modulating and analgesic agents.”

In the paper

“Smoking results in rapid absorption and onset of psychoactive effects, and is the preferred mode of recreational use.”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [9] Svizenska I Dubovy P Sulcova A Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their distribution, ligands and functional involvement in nervous system structures–a short review Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008 90 4 501 511 18584858

In the paper

“Cannabinoids mainly act via 2 different receptors: (i) the cannabinoid-1 (CB-1) receptor, predominantly expressed on the neurons; and (ii) the cannabinoid-2 (CB-2) receptor, predominantly expressed on cells of the immune system [9].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [9] Svizenska I Dubovy P Sulcova A Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their distribution, ligands and functional involvement in nervous system structures–a short review Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008 90 4 501 511 18584858

In the paper

“When Δ9-THC enters the bloodstream, it is metabolized to 11-hydroxy Δ9-THC, which is absorbed into the adipose tissue, where it stays for 30 minutes before being released back into circulation and reaching the brain. [2].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [2] Booth M Cannabis: A History Thomas Dunne Books 1 2004

In the paper

“However, it appears that the cannabinoid signaling is cell-specific and may also be dependent upon specific agonists used.”

In the paper

“In view of these side- effects and the decrease in analgesic efficacy over time [8], there is a need to explore alternative or adjunct medications to opioids in management of severe pain”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [8] Ballantyne JC Shin NS Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence Clin J Pain 2008 24 6 469 478 18574357

In the paper

“Cannabinoids modulate both the cell proliferation as well as cell survival pathways, albeit sometimes effects may be opposite depending on the cell type”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [18] Ozaita A Puighermanal E Maldonado R Regulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 pathway by cannabinoids in the brain J Neurochem 2007 102 4 1105 1114 17484726
• Not checked yetcites [19] Molina-Holgado F Pinteaux E Heenan L Neuroprotective effects of the synthetic cannabinoid HU-210 in primary cortical neurons are mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling Mol Cell Neurosci 2005 28 1 189 194 15607953
• Not checked yetcites [20] Lee YM Uhm KO Lee ES AM251 suppresses the viability of HepG2 cells through the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)-ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) pathway Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008 370 4 641 645 18406347

In the paper

“However, the efficacy of individual products is variable and dependent upon the route of administration.”

In the paper

“Moreover, cannabinoids act synergistically with opioids and act as opioid sparing agents, allowing lower doses and fewer side effects from chronic opioid therapy.”

In the paper

“Overall, cannabinoids appear to be effective in treating pain in MS, and would need to be further evaluated for their optimum use in MS.”

In the paper

“Pretreatment with HU-210 also increased the antinociceptive effect of morphine injected into the periaqueductal gray and prevented the development of tolerance [53].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [53] Wilson AR Maher L MM Morgan MM Repeated cannabinoid injections into the rat periaqueductal gray enhance subsequent morphine antinociception Neuropharmacology 2008 55 7 1219 1225 18723035 PMC2743428

In the paper

“Since, inflammatory pain is a hallmark of several chronic diseases including sickle cell disease and cancer, cannabinoids appear to be a promising therapy to treat severe pain in these diseases.”

In the paper

“Studies using smoked cannabis in HIV associated sensory neuropathy and other types of neuropathic pain have found that it offers clinically significant analgesia to a large number of subjects [112], [114, 115] but often with associated neurocognitive and psychoactive effects, especially at higher doses [115].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [112] Ellis RJ Toperoff W Vaida F Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial Neuropsychopharmacology 2009 34 3 672 680 18688212 PMC3066045
• Not checked yetcites [114] Abrams DI Jay CA Shade SB Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial Neurology 2007 68 7 515 521 17296917
• Not checked yetcites [115] Wilsey B Marcotte T Tsodikov A A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain J Pain 2008 9 6 506 521 18403272 PMC4968043

In the paper

“Δ9-THC (both by itself and in combination with morphine) has been shown to provide better anti-nociception in diabetic mice than in non-diabetic arthritic mice, and this has been correlated to the lower endogenous opioid levels in diabetic mice [63].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [63] Williams J Haller VL Stevens DL Decreased basal endogenous opioid levels in diabetic rodents: effects on morphine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid-induced antinociception Eur J Pharmacol 2008 584 1 78 86 18313663

In the paper

“Conversely, cannabinoid withdrawal symptoms were decreased in double μ and κ opioid receptor knockout mice [66], suggesting a relationship between opioid and cannabinoid receptor activities.”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [66] Castane A Robledo P Matifas A Cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome is reduced in double mu and delta opioid receptor knockout mice Eur J Neurosci 2003 17 1 155 159 12534979

In the paper

“Many HIV infected patients smoke marijuana for a variety of reasons, including symptom relief and reducing symptom frequency; the users report improvement in appetite (97%), muscle pain (94%), nausea (93%), anxiety (93%), nerve pain (90%), depression (86%), and paraesthesia (85%).”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [92] Woolridge E Barton S Samuel J Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms J Pain Symptom Manage 2005 29 4 358 367 15857739

In the paper

“A 2 yr open label study as a follow up of this trial using Sativex® in 63 MS patients showed it to be effective in decreasing pain, however less than half of the subjects completed the trial [99].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [99] Rog DJ Nurmikko TJ Young CA Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial Clin Ther 2007 29 9 2068 2079 18035205

In the paper

“A recent systematic review concluded that nabilone is superior to placebo, domperidone and prochlorperazine in the management of CINV, but not superior to metoclopramide and chlorpromazine [88].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [88] Davis MP Oral nabilone capsules in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and pain Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008 17 1 85 95 18095921

In the paper

“Both CB-1 and CB-2 receptors appear to be involved in pain modulation, and selective agonists may be useful when the specific role of each receptor is fully characterized in each type of pain.”

In the paper

“While many studies have shown dronabinol to improve mood, appetite and to decrease nausea in patients with AIDS or advanced cancer [90], a recent study comparing cannabis extracts (CE), Δ9-THC and placebo in patients with cancer related anorexia cachexia syndrome found no significant advantage of CE or Δ9-THC over placebo with regard to appetite, quality of life or toxicity [91].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [90] Kogan NM Mechoulam R Cannabinoids in health and disease Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2007 9 4 413 430 18286801 PMC3202504
• Not checked yetcites [91] Strasser F Luftner D Possinger K Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group J Clin Oncol 2006 24 21 3394 3400 16849753

In the paper

“However, ultra-low dose naltrexone has also been shown to enhance the anti-nociceptive action of WIN 55,212-2, while high dose naltrexone does not [60].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [60] Paquette J Olmstead MC Ultra-low dose naltrexone enhances cannabinoid-induced antinociception Behav Pharmacol 2005 16 8 597 603 16286810

In the paper

“Also, CB1 receptor knockout mice appear to have lesser opioid addiction and withdrawal [65], suggesting a role for cannabinoid receptors in opioid signaling pathways.”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [65] Ledent C Valverde O Cossu G Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knockout mice Science 1999 283 5400 401 404 9888857

In the paper

“Marijuana offered slightly better overall relief then the prescription/OTC medications for a number of symptoms (including anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropathy).”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [93] Corless IB Lindgren T Holzemer W Marijuana effectiveness as an HIV self-care strategy Clin Nurs Res 2009 18 2 172 193 19377043

In the paper

“These studies suggest that different cannabinoids may offer pain relief in cancer by both systemic and peripheral routes, primarily via CB-1 receptors, and the route of administration may be tailored to the specific need.”

In the paper

“It was found to decrease mean pain intensity and reduce sleep disturbance in MS [98].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [98] Rog DJ Nurmikko TJ Friede T Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis Neurology 2005 65 6 812 819 16186518

In the paper

“The preclinical studies described above provide a rationale for further evaluation of cannabinoid receptor agonists in different types of pain.”

In the paper

“However, in other conditions, the addition of a cannabinoid may confer no additional benefit, so the optimal therapy for pain management in specific conditions remains an area for future research.”

In the paper

“Opioids and cannabinoids both provide antinociception through G-protein coupled mechanisms, and many studies have explored synergistic interactions between them.”

In the paper

“Cannabinoids have a role in relieving pain, spasticity, tremor, nocturia and improving general well being in MS (Table 5).”

In the paper

“A randomized controlled trial with 667 MS patients using oral Δ9-THC or a cannabis extract Cannador®; found subjective improvement in subjects’ self-reported sense of spasticity and pain, but no objective improvement in spasticity [95] by the Ashworth scale, [96].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [95] Zajicek J Fox P Sanders H Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 2003 362 9395 1517 1526 14615106
• Not checked yetcites [96] Herndon RM Handbook of Neurological rating scales Demos Medical Publishing 2 2006

In the paper

“Especially in cases of pain attributable wholly or partly to inflammation, it may be worthwhile to explore a local route of administering the cannabinoid and thus avoid systemic side effects.”

In the paper

“Sativex® is an oromucosal spray containing Δ9-THC (27 mg/mL) and cannabidiol (CBD)(25 mg/mL), with a dosage of 100 μL/spray [97].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [97] Russo EB Guy GW PJ Robson PJ Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine Chem Biodivers 2007 4 8 1729 1743 17712817

In the paper

“Thus, adjunct use of cannabinoids may permit the use of lower doses of opioids than otherwise required, thus acting as an opioid sparing agent in similar situations.”

In the paper

“Marijuana users reported better overall medication effectiveness than non-users, however it is unclear whether it is attributable to the euphoric effect of marijuana or a real synergism with the medications [93].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [93] Corless IB Lindgren T Holzemer W Marijuana effectiveness as an HIV self-care strategy Clin Nurs Res 2009 18 2 172 193 19377043

In the paper

“CB-2 receptor activation by AM1241 causes the release of β-endorphin from keratinocytes, and the antinociceptive effect of AM1241 in rats is blocked by antagonism of the μ opiod receptor and by antiserum to β-endorphin [64].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [64] Ibrahim MM Porreca F Lai J CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 8 3093 3098 15705714 PMC549497

In the paper

“A case-control study showed no increase in risk of head and neck cancer with cannabis use [130].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [130] Aldington S Harwood M Cox B Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: case-control study Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008 138 3 374 380 18312888 PMC2277494

In the paper

“Studies regarding the use of cannabinoids for post-operative analgesia suggest that while cannabis extract Cannador® might potentially be beneficial [108], Δ9-THC offers no benefit and may actually provoke hyperalgesia [84], [109].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [108] Holdcroft A Maze M Dore C A multicenter dose-escalation study of the analgesic and adverse effects of an oral cannabis extract (Cannador) for postoperative pain management Anesthesiology 2006 104 5 1040 1046 16645457
• Not checked yetcites [84] Beaulieu P Effects of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, on postoperative pain Can J Anaesth 2006 53 8 769 775 16873343
• Not checked yetcites [109] Buggy DJ Toogood L Maric S Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain Pain 2003 106 1–2 169 172 14581124

In the paper

“Interestingly, studies in healthy human volunteers using oral cannabis extracts in acute pain models do not show any analgesic effect, but rather suggest a hyperalgesic action [85].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [85] Kraft B Frickey NA Kaufmann RM Lack of analgesia by oral standardized cannabis extract on acute inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia in volunteers Anesthesiology 2008 109 1 101 110 18580179

In the paper

“Some studies show higher lung cancer rates in marijuana smokers [131], [132], while some do not find any such association [133].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [131] Aldington S Harwood M Cox B Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study Eur Respir J 2008 31 2 280 286 18238947 PMC2516340
• Not checked yetcites [132] Voirin N Berthiller J Benhaim-Luzon V Risk of lung cancer and past use of cannabis in Tunisia J Thorac Oncol 2006 1 6 577 579 17409920
• Not checked yetcites [133] Hashibe M Morgenstern H Cui Y Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006 15 10 1829 1834 17035389

In the paper

“A systematic review in 2001 of all randomized controlled trials done with cannabinoids in various types of pain concluded that in cancer pain, cannabinoids were of the same efficacy of codeine, while being associated with dose limiting CNS depressant effects [119].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [119] Campbell FA Tramer MR Carroll D Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualitative systematic review BMJ 2001 323 7303 13 16 11440935 PMC34324

In the paper

“Sativex® and a THC predominant cannabis extract GW-2000-02 both offered significant analgesia in subjects with neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion [113].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [113] Berman JS Symonds C Birch R Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial Pain 2004 112 3 299 306 15561385

In the paper

“Pain in SCD is a result of vascular occlusion, tissue infarction and inflammation [121], and is widely prevalent and often undertreated [122].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [121] Ballas SK Pain management of sickle cell disease Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2005 19 5 785 802 16214644
• Not checked yetcites [122] Smith WR Penberthy LT Bovbjerg VE Daily assessment of pain in adults with sickle cell disease Ann Intern Med 2008 148 2 94 101 18195334

In the paper

“While cannabis use was not found to vary with the severity of the disease, 52% of the users said they used it to reduce or prevent acute or chronic pain; other reasons were to improve sleep, mood or to aid relaxation [120].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [120] Howard J Anie KA Holdcroft A Cannabis use in sickle cell disease: a questionnaire study Br J Haematol 2005 131 1 123 128 16173972

In the paper

“Marijuana smoke has been shown to be mutagenic [135, 136], while THC by itself is not mutagenic [137, 138].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [135] Wehner FC van Rensburg SJ Thiel PG Mutagenicity of marijuana and Transkei tobacco smoke condensates in the Salmonella/microsome assay Mutat Res 1980 77 2 135 142 6990238
• Not checked yetcites [136] Busch FW Seid DA Wei ET Mutagenic activity of marihuana smoke condensates Cancer Lett 1979 6 6 319 324 378366
• Not checked yetcites [137] Van Went GF Mutagenicity testing of 3 hallucinogens: LSD, psilocybin and delta 9-THC, using the micronucleus test Experientia 1978 34 3 324 325 631257
• Not checked yetcites [138] Zimmerman AM Stich H San R Nonmutagenic action of cannabinoids in vitro Pharmacology 1978 16 6 333 343 353830

In the paper

“CB-2 receptor activation and CB-1 receptor inhibition has beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia [128], [129].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [128] Hillard CJ Role of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in cerebral ischemia Curr Pharm Des 2008 14 23 2347 2361 18781985 PMC2581413
• Not checked yetcites [129] Zhang M Martin BR Adler MW Modulation of cannabinoid receptor activation as a neuroprotective strategy for EAE and stroke J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2009 4 2 249 259 19255856 PMC2855650

In the paper

“As an adjuvant drug added to opioids, it also improved pain control and the quality of sleep in patients with chronic non-cancer pain [107].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [107] Narang S Gibson D Wasan AD Efficacy of dronabinol as an adjuvant treatment for chronic pain patients on opioid therapy J Pain 2008 9 3 254 264 18088560

In the paper

“CB-2 receptor activation by JWH-133 has been found to protect from cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury [126], [127] and may help in SCD as well.”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [126] Montecucco F Lenglet S Braunersreuther V CB(2) cannabinoid receptor activation is cardioprotective in a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009 46 5 612 620 19162037
• Not checked yetcites [127] Defer N Wan J Souktani R The cannabinoid receptor type 2 promotes cardiac myocyte and fibroblast survival and protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyopathy FASEB J 2009 23 7 2120 2130 19246487

In the paper

“However, a study comparing escalating daily doses of nabilone (maximum 2 mg) and dihydrocodeine (maximum 240mg) in patients with severe neuropathic pain found dihydrocodeine to offer clinically significant pain relief to more patients than nabilone; interestingly, no subject responded to both agents [117].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [117] Frank B Serpell MG Hughes J Comparison of analgesic effects and patient tolerability of nabilone and dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain: randomised, crossover, double blind study BMJ 2008 336 7637 199 201 18182416 PMC2213874

In the paper

“A recent review of the clinical trials conducted with Sativex® and other cannabis extracts in various types of pain observed a benefit in a range of conditions, including MS, cancer, irritative urinary symptoms, neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury and spinal cord injury. The only condition where benefit was not noted was post-herpetic neuralgia [97].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [97] Russo EB Guy GW PJ Robson PJ Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine Chem Biodivers 2007 4 8 1729 1743 17712817

In the paper

“Cannabinoids could possibly be used as adjunct agents along with opioids to decrease opioid dose and achieve better pain control.”

In the paper

“Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids and non-cannabinoid derivatives of the cannabis plant have also been found to have anti-inflammatory properties [124], which may be helpful in SCD.”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [124] Burstein SH Zurier RB Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and related analogs in inflammation AAPS J 2009 11 1 109 119 19199042 PMC2664885

In the paper

“Cannabinoids are commonly used to control nausea and vomiting in other settings, and could be potentially beneficial in this scenario as well.”

In the paper

“Sativex® was found to offer significant pain relief, as well as improvement in sleep and allodynia in neuropathic pain of various etiologies [116].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [116] Nurmikko TJ Serpell MG Hoggart B Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Pain 2007 133 1–3 210 220 17997224

In the paper

“Δ9-THC has analgesic and other beneficial effects in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis as well [110], [111].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [110] Skrabek RQ Galimova L Ethans K Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia J Pain 2008 9 2 164 173 17974490
• Not checked yetcites [111] Blake DR Robson P Ho M Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006 45 1 50 52 16282192

In the paper

“It appears that past conflicting epidemiological data regarding association of marijuana smoking and cancer may not necessarily apply to Δ9–THC and other cannabis derivatives during therapeutic use via a non-inhalational route; however, caution may still be exercised while awaiting conclusive data.”

In the paper

“In contrast, THC was found to increase apoptosis and improve survival in murine cancer models and in human lymphoma and leukemia [141].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [141] McKallip RJ Lombard C Fisher M Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease Blood 2002 100 2 627 634 12091357

In the paper

“Moreover, the cannabinoid HU-331 is anti-angiogenic in vivo and vitro, suggestive of an inhibitory effect on cancer progression [142].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [142] Kogan NM Blazquez C Alvarez L A cannabinoid quinone inhibits angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial cells Mol Pharmacol 2006 70 1 51 59 16571653

In the paper

“It appears that cannabinoids may have two opposite effects on cancer: tumor regression via promotion of apoptosis, and tumor promotion via suppression of immunogenicity [13].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [13] Guzman M Sanchez C Galve-Roperh I Control of the cell survival/death decision by cannabinoids J Mol Med 2001 78 11 613 625 11269508

In the paper

“The legalization of medical marijuana would also enable more clinical trials in humans, and development of cannabis-derived drugs for multiple disease processes, in addition to treating severe pain.”

In the paper

“The legalization of medical marijuana would also enable more clinical trials in humans, and development of cannabis-derived drugs for multiple disease processes, in addition to treating severe pain.”

In the paper

“WIN-55,212-2 and other cannabinoid agonists have been suggested as potential therapeutic options in prostate cancer [144].”

What the sources say

• Not checked yetcites [144] Sarfaraz S Afaq F Adhami VM Cannabinoid receptor as a novel target for the treatment of prostate cancer Cancer Res 2005 65 5 1635 1641 15753356