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Cited by 1Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Pathological Synaptic Plasticity in Neurological Disorders

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Jin, CongYu, Karlstedt, Kaj·2025·Synaptic Plasticity - Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy, and Clinical Neuroscience
DOI 10.5772/intechopen.1007753
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Abstract

This chapter will introduce the concept of pathological synaptic plasticity and its pivotal role in the progression of various neurological disorders. Synaptic plasticity, the brain's ability to strengthen or weaken synapses in response to activity, is essential for learning and memory. However, when these mechanisms are disrupted, they can contribute to the pathology of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. This chapter explores the molecular and cellular foundations of synaptic plasticity, identifies how its dysregulation leads to neurological dysfunction, and examines the clinical implications. Additionally, it reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal synaptic function, offering insights into potential future research directions and treatment modalities.

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  • Structural plasticity is tightly coupled to functional changes: LTP is generally associated with spine enlargement or increased spine density, whereas LTD is linked to spine shrinkage and synaptic weakening.

    “Structural plasticity is tightly coupled to these functional changes, as LTP is generally associated with spine enlargement or increased spine density, whereas LTD is linked to spine shrinkage and synaptic weakening (Jin and Karlstedt, 2025; Rodrigues et al., 2024).”

    From Environmental endocrine disruptors at the synapse: mechanisms linking chemical exposure to cognitive and behavioral dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Jin and Karlstedt, 2025

    Section 2.2 says LTP strengthens synaptic connections and LTD weakens them, supporting the functional-change part of the claim. Section 3.1 says synaptic plasticity can reorganize neuronal structure and function, but our copy does not link LTP to spine enlargement or increased density, or LTD to spine shrinkage. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Activation of NMDA receptors triggers postsynaptic Ca2+ influx, and the magnitude and duration of this signal determine the direction of plasticity.

    “Activation of these receptors triggers postsynaptic Ca2+ influx, and the magnitude and duration of this signal determine the direction of plasticity (Jin and Karlstedt, 2025; Rodrigues et al., 2024).”

    From Environmental endocrine disruptors at the synapse: mechanisms linking chemical exposure to cognitive and behavioral dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Jin and Karlstedt, 2025

  • Exposure to dicofol has been associated with long-lasting cognitive and emotional impairments.

    “Exposure to dicofol has been associated with long-lasting cognitive and emotional impairments, while prenatal exposure to mirex has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in children evident as early as preschool age (Jin and Karlstedt, 2025; Puertas et al., 2010).”

    From Environmental endocrine disruptors at the synapse: mechanisms linking chemical exposure to cognitive and behavioral dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Jin and Karlstedt, 2025

    The passages from §§4.3 and 5.4 discuss cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, not effects of dicofol exposure (page numbers unavailable). Searches for dicofol, pesticide exposure, and long-lasting cognitive or emotional impairments found no passage addressing the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Jin, C., & Karlstedt, K.
Corresponding author
Jin, CongYu
Venue
Synaptic Plasticity - Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy, and Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher
IntechOpen
Published
2025-04-28
DOI
10.5772/intechopen.1007753
OpenAlex
W4410567151
Cited by
1
References
23
Citations by year
2025: 1
FWCI
3.34
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
IntechOpen eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
synaptic plasticity, neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, synaptic dysfunction

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