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Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication - Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)
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Objective To present estimates of the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders with and without severe impairment, their comorbidity across broad classes of disorder, and their sociodemographic correlates.Method The National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement NCS-A is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in the continental United States. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results Anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%), followed by behavior disorders (19.1%), mood disorders (14.3%), and substance use disorders (11.4%), with approximately 40% of participants with one class of disorder also meeting criteria for another class of lifetime disorder. The overall prevalence of disorders with severe impairment and/or distress was 22.2% (11.2% with mood disorders, 8.3% with anxiety disorders, and 9.6% behavior disorders). The median age of onset for disorder classes was earliest for anxiety (6 years), followed by 11 years for behavior, 13 years for mood, and 15 years for substance use disorders.Conclusions These findings provide the first prevalence data on a broad range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Approximately one in every four to five youth in the U.S. meets criteria for a mental disorder with severe impairment across their lifetime. The likelihood that common mental disorders in adults first emerge in childhood and adolescence highlights the need for a transition from the common focus on treatment of U.S. youth to that of prevention and early intervention.
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“Research in this population is especially important considering that over one-third of 13–18-year-olds meet criteria for an anxiety disorder (Merikangas et al., 2010).”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Merikangas et al., 2010
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“Estimates of lifetime prevalence suggest 20% to 30% of adolescents will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives (Merikangas 2010).”
From Exercise for the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as Merikangas 2010
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“Excessive worry, often as part of an anxiety disorder, is also extremely common in individuals with depressive disorders”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty–Focused Treatment for Adolescents With Excessive Worry: A Pilot Feasibility Study (2020) · cites this paper as Merikangas et al., 2010
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“This value is slightly higher than data from previous studies that considered similar age groups (e.g., [15,37,38]) and it is much higher than a previous work using a Portuguese adolescent sample [27].”
From The Prevalence of Adolescent Social Fears and Social Anxiety Disorder in School Contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Research consistently shows that anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental health conditions during adolescence [2–8]”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Attempts to minimize such biases were built into the methods of the CIDI.28,51”
From Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
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“This is not surprising considering that psychological distress associated with depression and anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old [71,72].”
From Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
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“mental health disorders affecting approximately one in five adolescents internationally [4,5].”
From Feasibility of "CopeSmart": A Telemental Health App for Adolescents (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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Shanmugan, S., Wolf, D. H., Calkins, M. E., Moore, T. M., Ruparel, K., Hopson, R. D., Vandekar, S. N., Roalf, D. R., Elliott, M. A., Jackson, C., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060725 · Cited by 219
Youth Mental Health Should Be a Top Priority for Health Care in Canada
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The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents
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Conway, K. P., Swendsen, J., Husky, M. M., He, J.-P., & Merikangas, K. R. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.006 · Cited by 234
Self-citationMeta-analysis: 13-year follow-up of psychotherapy effects on youth depression
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Beyond Screen Time: Identity Development in the Digital Age
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“…frequently diagnosed mental health problem for youth and the earliest to emerge among all forms of psychopathology, affecting up to 18% of children and adolescents (Merikangas et al., 2010; Mojtabai, Olfson, & Han, 2016; Olfson, Druss, & Marcus, 2015; Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye, & Rohde, 2015).”
BackgroundEmotion-dependent functional connectivity of the default mode network in adolescent depression
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“Whereas it is important to consider that adolescent females have a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than males (Merikangas et al., 2010), this significant moderation provides early stage evidence that sport involvement may have unique benefits for adolescent males.”
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Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents’ perspectives
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Programming Bugs: Microbiota and the Developmental Origins of Brain Health and Disease
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Metadata
- Authors
- Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (MX)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Merikangas, Kathleen Ries
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 980-989
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2946114
- OpenAlex
- W2163659555
- Cited by
- 6,278
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 248 · 2025: 349 · 2024: 445 · 2023: 449 · 2022: 502 · 2021: 643 · 2020: 608 · 2019: 469 · 2018: 448 · 2017: 484 · 2016: 397 · 2015: 397 · 2014: 312 · 2013: 249 · 2012: 173
- FWCI
- 176.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002806, ZIAMH002849, ZIAMH002808, U01MH060220)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016558)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- lifetime prevalence, adolescent mental disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, anxiety disorders, behavior disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, age of onset, sociodemographic correlates, early intervention, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Personality Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Age of Onset, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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