The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 23 of the 48 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Open accessAbstract
Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) continue to proliferate and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) well into adulthood. It is not known whether adult-born OLs ensheath previously unmyelinated axons or remodel existing myelin. We quantified OP division and OL production in different regions of the adult mouse CNS including the 4-month-old optic nerve, in which practically all axons are already myelinated. Even there, all OPs were dividing and generating new OLs and myelin at a rate higher than can be explained by first-time myelination of naked axons. We conclude that adult-born OLs in the optic nerve are engaged in myelin remodeling, either replacing OLs that die in service or intercalating among existing myelin sheaths. The latter would predict that average internode length should decrease with age. Consistent with that, we found that adult-born OLs elaborated much shorter but many more internodes than OLs generated during early postnatal life.
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TL;DR
Adult mouse oligodendrocyte precursors continue dividing and generating new oligodendrocytes even in the almost fully myelinated optic nerve. Adult-born oligodendrocytes elaborate many more, shorter internodes than early-born oligodendrocytes, suggesting myelin remodeling rather than only de novo myelination.
Key findings
- All OPs were cycling throughout the adult CNS (growth fraction ≈100%), with cell-cycle time depending on region and age: at P60, ~10 days in corpus callosum, ~15 days in spinal cord white matter, ~20 days in optic nerve, and ~36 days in cortical gray matter.
- In optic nerve, ~6.5% ± 1.5% of CC1+ oligodendrocytes at P185 were born after P120, far exceeding the ~1% of axons still unmyelinated, implying adult-born OLs are engaged in myelin remodeling.
- Late-born OLs (P120–P185) had 77 ± 7 internodes per OL of mean length 22 ± 1 μm, whereas early-born OLs (P30–P60) had 21 ± 7 internodes of mean length 76 ± 2 μm; total myelin length per cell was similar (~1,700 μm vs. ~1,600 μm).
- Newly formed myelin after P120 had a slightly higher g-ratio (0.75 ± 0.06) than myelin formed after P30 (0.72 ± 0.05), and >94% of examined mGFP+ internodes were Caspr+.
Methods
- Used cumulative EdU labeling and Pdgfra-CreERT2 fate mapping with R26R-YFP or Tau-mGFP reporters in postnatal and adult mice, including tamoxifen administration at P45, P60, and P120.
- Quantified OP labeling index, cell-cycle time, OL differentiation, internode number/length by confocal microscopy, and myelin morphology/g-ratio by immunoelectron microscopy.
- Conducted simulations of conduction speed based on previously published models.
Limitations
- The paper states that survival calculations have considerable uncertainty concerning the rate of increase of cell-cycle time with age and may underestimate the proportion of new OLs that survive; it also states that it is not yet known whether significant OL or myelin turnover occurs during the first year of life in mice.
- Evident from the text: conclusions are based on mouse CNS regions, primarily optic nerve, corpus callosum, spinal cord, and cortex, so generalization to other species or regions is not established.
- Evident from the text: tamoxifen recombination labels only a subset of OPs (~20% in optic nerve; ~4% in Tau-mGFP optic nerves), and internode counts required a sampling correction because section thickness was less than the OL process field diameter.
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Claims the paper makes
23 of 48 cited sources checked · 10 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“We quantified OP division and OL production in different regions of the adult mouse CNS including the 4-month-old optic nerve, in which practically all axons are already myelinated.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“which consists almost entirely of myelinated axons (Honjin et al., 1977; Bartsch et al., 1997; Dangata and Kaufman, 1997)”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Honjin et al., 1977 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Summary reports that 98.8% of optic nerve fibers were myelinated, supporting “practically all.” But Material and Methods identifies the studied mice as 6–8 months old, not 4 months old. The Discussion mentions a separate count of myelinated fibers at 4 months without establishing what proportion of axons were myelinated then. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartsch et al., 1997 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dangata and Kaufman, 1997 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This remarkable conclusion still stands, although the rate of increase with time is greater than previously estimated: for every day after birth, TC in the cortical gray matter increases by about two-thirds of a day, not one-third as previously estimated (Psachoulia et al., 2009).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Age-Dependent Rate of Division
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Psachoulia et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports cortical NG2-cell cycle time increasing from about 2 days at P6 to more than 150 days at P240, consistent with an average increase of roughly two-thirds of a day per day over that interval. The paper does not state that this rate holds for every day after birth or identify a previous one-third-of-a-day estimate. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“We reported previously that TC in the cortical gray matter increases linearly with age from early postnatal ages until at least P540 (Psachoulia et al., 2009).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Age-Dependent Rate of Division
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Psachoulia et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section, “The NG2 cell cycle slows dramatically with age” (page unavailable), reports that cortical NG2-cell cycle time increased steadily from about 2 days at P6 to more than 100 days at P540. It does not establish a linear increase, and it says the P540 value cannot be determined confidently because the growth fraction is unknown. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The scale of new OL genesis in the adult is unexpectedly large: ∼30% of all OLs present in the corpus callosum of 8-month-old mice are generated after 7 weeks of age (Rivers et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2011).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Rivers et al., 2008 source
The Results section (“Extensive myelin genesis in adult white matter”; page not provided) estimates that 29.3 ± 3% of differentiated oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum formed between P45 and P255. Those ages and the percentage closely match the citing sentence’s approximate description. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Partly supportedcites Zhu et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion (page numbers not supplied) estimate that 30% of corpus-callosum oligodendrocytes in P120 mice were generated from NG2 cells between P60 and P120. This supports the approximate proportion but not the claim's ages: the paper measures mice at about 4 months, not 8 months, and begins tracking at P60, not 7 weeks. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“As shown in the following section, the total length of myelin sheath that is synthesized by adult-born OLs is similar to that synthesized by early-born OLs, so there is a large disparity between the proportion of new myelin that is laid down in the optic nerve after P120 (∼6.5% of the total) and the proportion of axons that remains unmyelinated at that time (∼1%) (Honjin et al., 1977; Dangata et a”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > New OLs Continue to Be Generated in the Almost Fully Myelinated Adult Optic Nerve
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Honjin et al., 1977 source
The Summary reports that 807 of the mouse optic nerve’s fibers were unmyelinated, or about 1.2%, supporting the approximately 1% figure attributed to Honjin. The Methods identify the mice as adults aged 6–8 months. Honjin is cited alongside another source; its contribution here is the unmyelinated-axon proportion, not the estimate of new myelin laid down after P120. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not matchedcites Dangata et al., 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the data suggest that a significant fraction of adult-born OLs survive long-term, in keeping with previous reports that OLs continue to accumulate with age in the mouse corpus callosum (McCarthy and Leblond, 1988) and the primate optic nerve (Sandell and Peters, 2002; Peters, 2009).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCarthy and Leblond, 1988 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sandell and Peters, 2002 source
- Supportedcites Peters, 2009 source
The citation supports the citing sentence’s background point about age-related accumulation in the primate optic nerve, not the authors’ own inference about long-term survival. In “Effects of Age on Oligodendrocytes,” the paper states that oligodendrocyte frequency increases in the monkey optic nerve with age. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been estimated that 98.8% of optic nerve axons are myelinated in 6- to 8-month-old mice (Honjin et al., 1977).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Honjin et al., 1977 source
Material and Methods identifies the mice as 6 to 8 months old. The Summary reports that 64,746 myelinated fibers made up about 98.8% of the optic nerve fibers counted. The Discussion notes that this estimate came from one specimen. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and are in part determined by the properties of the axons being myelinated (Almeida et al., 2011).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Almeida et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that oligodendrocytes exposed to supernumerary large-caliber Mauthner axons myelinated more axons and produced a greater total length of myelin sheath. The Results also measure variation in individual sheath lengths, but do not show that axon properties determine individual internode length. The claim is therefore supported for number, but not specifically for internode length. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extended TC in gray versus white matter is not due to a longer S phase (Table 1) and presumably reflects a longer time spent in early G1.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even there, all OPs were dividing and generating new OLs and myelin at a rate higher than can be explained by first-time myelination of naked axons.”
- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · hedged
“cumulative labeling with EdU indicates that all OPs are cycling (growth fraction [GF] = 100%), both in gray and white matter.”
- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · plain
“At both P21 and P60, all OPs in these regions were mitotically active (Figure 2G and 2K).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistent with our previous experiments in which we examined OL genesis in the forebrain at P45 (Rivers et al., 2008) or P240 (Psachoulia et al., 2009), the rate of OL genesis in the motor cortex was significantly lower than in the corpus callosum.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with that, we found that adult-born OLs elaborated much shorter but many more internodes than OLs generated during early postnatal life.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS”
- Also stated in: § OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS · plain
“Newly generated YFP+,CC1+ OLs were readily detected in all regions of the CNS, even at short times after the first dose of tamoxifen (e.g., after 7 days, P60+7), and they continued to accumulate until at least P60+320 (Figure 3F).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like new OLs in the motor cortex, new OLs added to the adult spinal cord gray matter were highly branched cells, with processes extending in all directions (Figure 4D).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data support our previous conclusions that OPs in the white matter proliferate more rapidly than in gray matter and that the rate of OP proliferation declines with age (Psachoulia et al., 2009).”
- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · hedged
“Nevertheless, there was a general trend for OPs in gray matter to cycle more slowly than those in white matter (Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data support our previous conclusions that OPs in the white matter proliferate more rapidly than in gray matter and that the rate of OP proliferation declines with age (Psachoulia et al., 2009).”
- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · plain
“Furthermore, the cell cycle slowed down with age in each of these regions (Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, new YFP+, CC1+ OLs accumulated more rapidly in all white matter regions examined compared to the gray matter.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As YFP+ cells acquired CC1 reactivity, they lost expression of Pdgfra.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of all CC1+ cells in the optic nerves of Pdgfra-CreERT2: R26R-YFP mice at P120+65, 1.3% ± 0.3% were CC1+, YFP+ (mean ±SD, n = 3 mice; >5,000 CC1+ cells examined).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > New OLs Continue to Be Generated in the Almost Fully Myelinated Adult Optic Nerve
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, we found by experiment that ∼50% of YFP+ cells were CC1+ OLs (Figure 3F), so ∼30% of adult-born OLs survive at least 42 days in the corpus callosum (Supplemental Experimental Procedures).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: The cell-cycle time continues to increase linearly with age after P60 at the same rate that it increases between P21 and P60.
- The authors state this as an assumption: All additional cells produced by OP divisions would differentiate into OLs and survive.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For P60 optic nerve (TC ≈20 days), we calculate that in the absence of cell death ∼62% of YFP+ cells should be CC1+ OLs within 42 days, whereas we found only ∼40% (Figure 3F), implying that ∼41% of OLs survive long-term.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: The cell-cycle time continues to increase linearly with age after P60 at the same rate that it increases between P21 and P60.
- The authors state this as an assumption: All additional cells produced by OP divisions would differentiate into OLs and survive.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After 65 days (P120+65), the optic nerves were immunolabeled for YFP, Olig2, and APC/CC1 (Figures 5A and 5B) or for YFP and NG2 (Figure 5C). All YFP+ cells were OL lineage (Olig2+) and approximately one-third of YFP+ cells were differentiated OLs (Olig2+, CC1+) (Figure 5D).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > New OLs Continue to Be Generated in the Almost Fully Myelinated Adult Optic Nerve
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas OLs born between P120 and P185 possessed 77 ± 7 internodes per OL (mean ±SD, n = 15 OLs; range 41–125) of length 22 ± 1 μm (mean ±SEM, n = 702 internodes; range 6–293 μm).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recently formed OLs (mGFP+) visualized at P30+30 myelinated smaller diameter axons than recently formed OLs visualized at P120+65, having an average diameter of 421 ± 141 nm (mean ±SD, n = 86) compared with 524 ± 174 nm (mean ±SD, n = 79), respectively (p < 0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov [K-S] test; Figure 7F).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In optic nerves of both P30+30 (Figure 6A) and P120+65 (Figures 6B and 6C) Pdgfra-CreERT2: Tau-mGFP mice, individual mGFP+ OLs elaborated many internodes on different axons.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Myelin formed after P120 consisted of tight membrane wraps (Figures 7D and 7G) indistinguishable from the bulk of mGFP-negative myelin that had formed earlier.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the P60 spinal cord, for example, OPs in the gray matter divided more slowly (TC ≈27 days) than in the white matter (TC ≈15 days).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, OPs in either the cortical or spinal cord gray matter were dividing more slowly (TC ≈36 or 27 days, respectively) than in any of the white matter regions examined.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“individual OLs born between P30 and P60 possessed 21 ± 7 internodes (mean ±SD, n = 18 OLs; range 11–35) of length 76 ± 2 μm (mean ±SEM, n = 271 internodes; range 12–234 μm)”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of 144 mGFP+ internodes examined in one experiment, 136 (>94%) were clearly Caspr+ (Figures 6F and 6G), possibly an underestimate because some internodes might have terminated outside of the section.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there was a modest but significant increase in the g-ratio of newly formed (mGFP+) myelin, from 0.72 ± 0.05 (n = 86) in P30+30 nerves to 0.75 ± 0.06 (n = 79) in P120+65 nerves (p = 0.001; Figure 7F).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OLs added to the spinal cord white matter (Figure 4E) and the optic nerve (Figures 4C and 4F) had many parallel mGFP+ internodes like those in the corpus callosum.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite their short length, mGFP+ internodes formed after P120 frequently terminated at typical nodal structures that immunolabeled for the paranodal protein Caspr (Einheber et al., 1997) and clustered voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1.6) (Figure 6H), indicating that they were functional myelin units.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the P60 optic nerve (an exclusively white matter tract), OPs proliferated more slowly (TC ≈20 days) than in either spinal cord white matter (TC ≈15 days) or corpus callosum (TC ≈10 days) (Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, compared to early-born OLs, the late-born OLs elaborate more than three times more internodes of less than one-third of the length (Figure 6E).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, our observations contradicted this prediction; we found that ∼6.5% of CC1+-differentiated OLs in the optic nerve were generated between P120 and P185, so there are many more adult-born OLs than would be required to myelinate the ∼1% of axons that remain unmyelinated at that age, given that late-generated OLs synthesize as much or more myelin sheath as those born earlier (see next parag”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite most late-forming internodes being short, there were a few very long (>200 μm) stretches of new myelin sheath in P120+65 optic nerves (e.g., Figure 6B).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OLs born between P50 and P80 made ∼21 internodes ∼40 μm in length, intermediate between earlier and later ages.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in either the number of internodes per OL or the mean length of internodes”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in either the number of internodes per OL or the mean length of internodes”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is unlikely (p < 0.017, Poisson probability for zero or one occurrence when six are expected) that new, short mGFP+ internodes are usually assembled next to one another in the space vacated by a previous, longer internode.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Myelin that was synthesized after P120 had a significantly larger g-ratio (thinner myelin sheath relative to axon diameter) than myelin synthesized at earlier times (after P30).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite examining hundreds of mGFP+ internodes of individual widely spaced OLs, we have never observed two new mGFP+ internodes side by side on the same axon.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that the effect of internode length on conduction speed is strongly affected by how tightly the myelin is attached to the axon.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We estimated that ∼4% of OPs in Pdgfra-CreERT2: Tau-mGFP optic nerves recombined and became mGFP+ (Experimental Procedures)”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With no periaxonal space between the axon and the myelin (and using an axon diameter of 0.524 μm and a node length of 0.8 μm), decreasing the length of all the internodes from 138 μm to 22 μm increased the conduction speed by 28% (from 1.83 to 2.34 m/s).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OLs born between P30 and P60 made ∼21 internodes of length ∼76 μm”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the total lengths of myelin sheath synthesized by early- and late-born OLs were similar; ∼1,600 μm per cell (21 × 76 μm) at P30–P60 compared to ∼1,700 μm per cell (77 × 22 μm) at P120–P185.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the number-density of OPs is fairly uniform throughout the CNS, including the optic nerve (Pringle et al., 1992), and because the cell-cycle time in optic nerve is about twice that in corpus callosum (Table 1), this means that over a set time about twice as many OLs are generated per unit volume in the corpus callosum than in the optic nerve.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extended TC in gray versus white matter is not due to a longer S phase (Table 1) and presumably reflects a longer time spent in early G1.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even there, all OPs were dividing and generating new OLs and myelin at a rate higher than can be explained by first-time myelination of naked axons.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This implies that the probability of a given OP differentiating into an OL during a given time period is similar in both tracts.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean length of internodes at both P50+30 (∼40 μm) and P50+65 (∼44 μm) fell between those at P30+30 (∼76 μm) and P120+65 (∼22 μm), confirming that internode length is determined primarily by the age at which the myelin is laid down rather than by the time elapsed since its formation.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By underestimating GF 2-fold, we previously underestimated the cell-cycle time (TC) of OPs by 2-fold at all ages (because TC = GF/m and m does not change; Figure S2; Supplemental Experimental Procedures).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Age-Dependent Rate of Division
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this probably reflects the overall increase in axon diameter detected in P120+65 versus P30+30 nerves (535 ± 195 nm, n = 83 versus 421 ± 139 nm, n = 94, respectively) (K-S test, p < 0.001; Figure 7E) rather than a change in the axonal targets of new OLs at different ages.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data suggest that the local environment strongly affects the proliferation rate of OPs.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data indicate that late-born OLs generate internodes with a reduced ratio of myelin thickness to axon diameter compared to myelin that was formed earlier.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because only ∼20% of OPs were YFP-labeled by tamoxifen induction, this implies that 6.5% ± 1.5% [(1.3 ± 0.3) × 100/20] of all CC1+ cells in the P185 optic nerve are born after P120.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > New OLs Continue to Be Generated in the Almost Fully Myelinated Adult Optic Nerve
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The fraction of OPs labeled by tamoxifen induction (approximately 20%) is representative of all OPs, so the proportion of all CC1+ cells born after P120 can be estimated by dividing the YFP+ CC1+ fraction by 0.20.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that we could not detect a statistically significant difference between the g-ratio for bulk myelin at P30+30 and for bulk myelin at P120+65 is presumably because the late-formed myelin with the slightly higher g-ratio is only a small fraction of the total.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Axon caliber increases following initial myelination, presumably as a result of myelination (Foster et al., 1982), but a further increase in the diameter of myelinated axons over the longer term, as observed here, has not previously been reported for the mouse optic nerve (Dangata et al., 1996).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dangata et al., 1996
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 83Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This demonstrates that internode lengths do not shrink appreciably between 30 and 65 days after tamoxifen.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Myelination in the mouse optic nerve follows a similar course (Bartsch et al., 1997; Dangata et al., 1996; Dangata and Kaufman, 1997).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Because Butt et al. (1994) were not selecting recently formed OLs, most labeled OLs in their experiments would have been born in the early developmental period before P10–P20 (Skoff et al., 1969).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Skoff et al., 1969 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Our data and those of Butt et al. (1994) show that there is a progressive decrease in the lengths of newly formed internodes with advancing OL birthdate, from ∼140 μm in the early postnatal period (∼P10–P20), to ∼80 μm after P30, to ∼40 μm after P50, to ∼20 μm after P120 (Figure 6F).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Butt et al. (1994) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and ∼4% of newly formed OLs that survive long-term will be mGFP+ (assuming that mGFP+ and GFP-negative OLs are equally likely to survive).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: mGFP+ and GFP-negative OLs are equally likely to survive.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since only a proportion of internodes will be shorter in the older animals, the magnitude of the speed changes in vivo will be smaller than those stated above, either with or without a periaxonal space.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Reinforcing this, a study of C57BL × CBA mice (F1 generation), similar to the genetic background of our mice, found that “practically all” optic nerve axons were myelinated by P112 (Dangata et al., 1996; Dangata and Kaufman, 1997).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dangata et al., 1996
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dangata and Kaufman, 1997 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Remyelinating OLs also possess shorter internodes than developmentally generated OLs (Blakemore and Murray, 1981).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Blakemore and Murray, 1981 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, late-forming OLs have many more internodes, much shorter in length, than early-born OLs.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, from the information now available, it seems very likely that the chief determinant of internode number/length is the age at which the myelinating OL in question was generated, not the length of time it has been in existence.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, if new internodes always occurred in pairs, then we would have expected ∼4% of mGFP+ internodes to have an mGFP+ neighbor.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data suggest that the majority of adult-born internodes in the optic nerve are not engaged in de novo myelination but instead must replace or remodel pre-existing myelin.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that the majority of optic nerve OLs born after P120 are unlikely to myelinate previously unmyelinated axons.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that those aspects of mature OL morphology are stable over at least 2 months.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data suggest that the thinner myelin and shorter internodes associated with remyelination might be a special example of adult myelination rather than a property of regenerated myelin per se.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we are confident that a given OL rarely, if ever, synthesizes two internodes side by side on the same axon”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 34
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) continue to proliferate and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) well into adulthood.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“However, OPs continue to divide and generate new-myelinating OLs well into adulthood (Dimou et al., 2008; Rivers et al., 2008; Psachoulia et al., 2009; Kang et al., 2010; Zhu et al., 2011; reviewed by Richardson et al., 2011).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Dimou et al., 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Adult generation of mature oligodendrocytes in the WM’ section reports continued generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes in adult mouse cortical white matter, including at six months. The ‘Mechanisms mediating distinct progeny’ section says gray-matter progenitors proliferate more slowly and that the few oligodendrocytes they generate do not acquire myelinating characteristics. The unqualified claim therefore extends the white-matter finding to oligodendrocyte precursors generally. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Supportedcites Rivers et al., 2008 source
The Discussion’s “Adult myelinogenesis” section reports that adult oligodendrocyte precursors divide and that the authors’ experiments show they generate myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, particularly in the mouse corpus callosum. It also reports new oligodendrocytes forming over seven months after postnatal day 45. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites Psachoulia et al., 2009 source
The Results (page not available in our copy) report that new oligodendrocytes continue to arise from NG2 cells after eight months of age. The Discussion describes NG2-cell division and oligodendrocyte production in adult mice, while the Introduction identifies production of new myelinating oligodendrocytes in white matter as a function of adult NG2 cells. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Because the number-density of OPs within a given region does not change much with age (Rivers et al., 2008), it follows that half of the daughters of OP divisions must either differentiate (and lose OP markers) or die.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Rivers et al., 2008 source
The Results section (‘Cycling and noncycling subpopulations of adult OLPs’) reports that PDGFRA+ cell counts per unit area in the cortex and corpus callosum did not change significantly between P45 and P135. It also explicitly infers that, because the corpus callosum population does not increase despite division, half the daughters must die or differentiate and downregulate PDGFRA. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A short time later (P120+7), 19.9% ± 3.2% of all optic nerve OPs (defined by NG2 immunolabeling) were YFP labeled (mean ±SD, n = 3 mice), less than in the adult corpus callosum (∼45%; Rivers et al., 2008) or spinal cord (∼39%; Zawadzka et al., 2010; Tripathi et al., 2010).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > New OLs Continue to Be Generated in the Almost Fully Myelinated Adult Optic Nerve
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Rivers et al., 2008 source
Rivers et al. is cited for the approximately 45% figure in the adult corpus callosum, not for the optic-nerve or spinal-cord figures. The Results section (‘Extensive myelin genesis in adult white matter’) reports that approximately 45% of oligodendrocyte lineage progenitors were YFP-labeled at P45 in the corpus-callosum analysis. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Partly supportedcites Zawadzka et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section, “Efficient Labeling of PDGFRA-Expressing Cells after Lysolecithin-Induced Demyelination” (page unavailable), reports approximately 39% YFP labeling in spinal cord precursor cells. That figure is the fraction of PDGFRA-positive cells in a demyelinated lesion, not a measurement of NG2-defined OPs in unlesioned adult spinal cord. This citation does not support the optic-nerve or corpus-callosum figures, which the sentence attributes elsewhere. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites Tripathi et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Materials and Methods section (Induction of EAE; page unavailable) reports that about 30% of spinal-cord PDGFRA+ cells became YFP+, compared with about 45–50% in the adult forebrain. This supports the regional comparison but not the cited ∼39% spinal-cord figure, and the paper measures PDGFRA+ rather than NG2-immunolabeled cells for that comparison. The 19.9% optic-nerve result is presented as the citing authors’ own finding, not as a result attributed to Tripathi et al. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Now, by cumulative labeling with EdU (which does not require antigen retrieval), we are able to label all OPs throughout the adult CNS (GF≈100%), indicating that all OPs are capable of undergoing cell division (Clarke et al., 2012; this paper).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > All NG2 Glia Continue to Divide during Adulthood
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Clarke et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports that cumulative EdU labeling marked >98% of OPCs in the anterior piriform cortex of mice labeled from P60 and concludes that these OPCs are mitotically active. The Methods section also states that EdU detection does not require antigen retrieval. The paper does not establish a growth fraction of approximately 100% throughout the entire adult CNS; its observations concern selected mouse brain regions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In the developing neocortex, ∼20% of premyelinating OLs die between P7 and P11 (Trapp et al., 1997).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Trapp et al., 1997 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports that approximately 20% of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing cerebral cortex were degenerating at observations between P7 and P21. It does not establish that 20% died specifically between P7 and P11; the Discussion says the incidence of death cannot be determined without knowing how long degeneration remains detectable. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recently, it has been shown that the social conditions experienced by mice can influence the morphological complexity of their OLs (including the number of internodes per OL) and that this is mediated by Neuregulin signaling through ErbB3 receptors on OLs (Makinodan et al., 2012).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Makinodan et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper reports that juvenile social isolation produced simpler oligodendrocytes with fewer internodes in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (main text, Fig. 1; page unavailable). It links these effects to neuregulin-1/ErbB3 signaling, but says that pathway accounts for them 'at least in part' and does not rule out other mechanisms. The claim omits that qualification and the regional and developmental limits of the findings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Our data are consistent with the observations that abnormally short myelin internodes accumulate with age in mouse spinal cord white matter (Lasiene et al., 2009) and that paranode frequency increases with age in the rhesus monkey brain (reviewed by Peters and Kemper, 2012).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Lasiene et al., 2009 source
The Results section (“Internode length changes in aging mice”; page not provided) reports that internodes shorter than 100 μm became more frequent in older mice and were not observed in 2.5-month-old mice. This supports the mouse spinal-cord claim attributed to Lasiene et al.; the rhesus-monkey claim is attached to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites Peters and Kemper, 2012 source
The review’s “Structures That Change With Age” section reports that paranodal profiles are more frequent in old than in young rhesus monkeys. Its “Summary with Conclusions” states that paranodes are 1.2–1.9 times more common in old monkeys. Page numbers were not provided in the passages. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is well documented that myelin formed during repair of experimental demyelination or during demyelinating injury or disease is thinner on average (larger g-ratio) than myelin that is formed during normal development (e.g., Lasiene et al., 2008), although this is less pronounced for smaller-diameter axons such as those in the optic nerve (Stidworthy et al., 2003).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lasiene et al., 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stidworthy et al., 2003 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consistent with this, simulations published by Lasiene et al. (2009), assuming the existence of a periaxonal space, predicted that shorter internodes should decrease conduction speed.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lasiene et al. (2009) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion says that shorter internodes can change conduction speed and signal timing. It does not say the change is a decrease, and the paper’s internode measurements are not simulations; the searched passages also do not describe an assumed periaxonal space. The claim therefore attributes a more specific prediction and method to this paper than our copy supports. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, at P60+42, 61% ± 3% of YFP+ cells in the spinal cord white matter were Pdgfra+ and 41% ± 3% were CC1+.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At P60+37, mGFP+ cells in the corpus callosum had small, spherical cell bodies with numerous rod-like processes that ran parallel to each other in the direction of the axons (Figure 4B).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the gray matter (motor cortex), TC was longer (∼19 days at P21 and ∼36 days at P60) (Figure 1D–1G).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the spinal cord gray matter, 61% ± 5% were Pdgfra+ and 34% ± 6% were CC1+.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OPs Generate Differentiated OLs throughout the Adult CNS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In forebrain white matter (corpus callosum), TC was ∼3 days at P21 and ∼10 days at P60 (Figure 1A–1C and 1G; Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“TC was also longer in P60 cortical gray matter (∼36 days) than in spinal cord gray matter (∼27 days).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the motor cortex, the cell processes were less dense, less numerous, and more randomly oriented but myelin profiles were still evident (Figure 4A).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cell-cycle time was not the same in all white matter regions; at P60, TC was ∼10 days in corpus callosum, ∼15 days in spinal cord white matter, and ∼20 days in optic nerve (Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > OP Cell-Cycle Duration Depends on Brain Region and Declines with Age
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tandem pairs of mGFP+ internodes were not observed, indicating that individual late-born OLs do not synthesize adjacent internodes along the same axon.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in either the number of internodes per OL (21 ± 8 at P50+30, 27 ± 6 at P50+65; mean ±SD, n = 10 OLs at each age) or their average lengths (40 ± 3 μm at P50+30, 44 ± 4 μm at P50+65; means ±SEM, n > 140 internodes) (Figure 6).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present study, we show that TC increases with age not only in the cortical gray and white matter but also in the spinal cord gray and white matter and in the optic nerve (Table 1).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Age-Dependent Rate of Division
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All mGFP+ cells were Olig2+, a few of which were NG2+ (Stallcup and Beasley, 1987), indicating that they were all OL lineage cells (Figure S3).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mGFP+ cells in the cortex or corpus callosum were NeuN+, suggesting that Pdgfra+ OPs in these regions do not generate neurons (Figure S3).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Adult-Born OLs Have Classic, Myelinating Morphology
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, we now recalculate TC in the cortical gray matter of P60 mice to be ∼36 days, in close agreement with a recent estimate of ∼37 days in 2- to 3-month-old mice (Simon et al., 2011).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Age-Dependent Rate of Division
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Simon et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OLs born after P120 elaborated ∼77 internodes per cell of mean length ∼22 μm”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since in one experiment we counted 144 (GFP+, Caspr+) paranodes, none of which flanked the same node”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Transverse (end-on) views of OLs showed that their internodes were distributed more or less uniformly within a cylindrical field centered on the cell soma.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Experimental Procedures > Microscopy and Cell Counts
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that adult-born OLs in the optic nerve are engaged in myelin remodeling, either replacing OLs that die in service or intercalating among existing myelin sheaths.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Axon caliber increases following initial myelination, presumably as a result of myelination (Foster et al., 1982), but a further increase in the diameter of myelinated axons over the longer term, as observed here, has not previously been reported for the mouse optic nerve (Dangata et al., 1996).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Results > Late-Born OLs Generate Many More, Shorter Internodes Than Early-Born OLs
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Foster et al., 1982 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Cell-intrinsic differences in the proliferative properties of OPs from different CNS regions have also been reported (Power et al., 2002).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Power et al., 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In the rat optic nerve, the peak time of OL generation is ∼P10–P20 and ∼85% of axons are myelinated by P28 (Skoff et al., 1969).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Skoff et al., 1969 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been estimated that ∼50% of OLs in the perinatal optic nerve die soon after they are formed (Barres et al., 1992).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barres et al., 1992 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, in the P60 corpus callosum, the OP cell-cycle time (TC) is ∼9.5 days (Table 1), implying that a number of new cells equal to the starting population must be formed within 9.5 days (because all OPs are dividing).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > A Significant Fraction of Adult-Born OLs Survive Long-Term
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We now accept that our previous estimate of GF≈50% was too low, possibly reflecting suboptimal antigen retrieval or inhibition of cell division by BrdU (see Figure S2).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > All NG2 Glia Continue to Divide during Adulthood
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Against this idea, we showed previously that an important neuron-derived OP mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor (A-chain homodimers, Pdgf-AA), is released from neuronal cell bodies in the retina but not from their axons in the optic nerve (Fruttiger et al., 2000).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fruttiger et al., 2000 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that there are many more unmyelinated axons in the adult corpus callosum (TC ≈10 days) than in the optic nerve (TC ≈20 days) suggests that the local density of unmyelinated axons might be one factor that influences local proliferation rates, perhaps because mitogens are released from or associated with the surfaces of unmyelinated axons.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Control of OP Proliferation by Axons?
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“so ∼4% of newly formed OLs should also be mGFP+ (because on average one new OL and one replacement OP is formed for every OP division)”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: On average one new OL and one replacement OP is formed for every OP division.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EdU (Invitrogen) was dissolved in the drinking water at 0.2 mg/ml, which we had determined to be nontoxic (Figures S1 and S2).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Experimental Procedures > EdU Labeling and Detection
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, our observations contradicted this prediction; we found that ∼6.5% of CC1+-differentiated OLs in the optic nerve were generated between P120 and P185, so there are many more adult-born OLs than would be required to myelinate the ∼1% of axons that remain unmyelinated at that age, given that late-generated OLs synthesize as much or more myelin sheath as those born earlier (see next parag”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Butt et al. (1994) measured randomly selected, dye-injected OLs in optic nerves from mice aged between P30 and P60, and counted ∼19 internodes per cell with an average length ∼138 μm.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Butt et al. (1994) source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Internode length and the number of internodes elaborated per OL vary greatly between CNS regions (Butt et al., 1994; Murtie et al., 2007; Chong et al., 2012)”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if new internodes are laid down in pairs, then each one of the pair must come from a separate OL.”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Discussion > Adult Myelin Genesis: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We calculated the required correction (for r < T < 2r) to be 3πT/(3πT-4r) ≈1.42 for P30+30, 1.50 for P50+30/65, and 1.64 for P120+65 (Figure S4).”
§ Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling > Experimental Procedures > Microscopy and Cell Counts
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The fraction of OPs labeled by tamoxifen induction (approximately 20%) is representative of all OPs, so the proportion of all CC1+ cells born after P120 can be estimated by dividing the YFP+ CC1+ fraction by 0.20.
“Because only ∼20% of OPs were YFP-labeled by tamoxifen induction, this implies that 6.5% ± 1.5% [(1.3 ± 0.3) × 100/20] of all CC1+ cells in the P185 optic nerve are born after P120.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The cell-cycle time continues to increase linearly with age after P60 at the same rate that it increases between P21 and P60.
“assuming that the cell-cycle time continues to increase linearly with age after P60 at the same rate that it increases between P21 and P60 (Table 1)”
The authors state this as an assumption.
All additional cells produced by OP divisions would differentiate into OLs and survive.
“If all of these additional cells were to differentiate into OLs and survive”
The authors state this as an assumption.
mGFP+ and GFP-negative OLs are equally likely to survive.
“assuming that mGFP+ and GFP-negative OLs are equally likely to survive”
The paper relies on this without support.
On average one new OL and one replacement OP is formed for every OP division.
“because on average one new OL and one replacement OP is formed for every OP division”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The Cre/lox system been used in reporter mice to track oligodendrogenesis and myelin synthesis during development [45, 81], after CNS demyelination [82, 83], and after SCI [44, 84, 85].”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Myelin maintenance in white matter is actively regulated by the continuous proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes derived from progenitor cells throughout adulthood. 24 , 25”
From Apolipoprotein ε4 exacerbates white matter impairment in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis by decreasing actively myelinating oligodendrocytes (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“consistent with a cell division turnover of 19 days in the juvenile cortex (7).”
From Oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the mouse juvenile and adult central nervous system (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“EdU at this dose is nontoxic [45].”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
Citations
Cites
Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus
Srinivas, S., Watanabe, T., Lin, C.-S., William, C. M., Tanabe, Y., Jessell, T. M., & Costantini, F. (2001) · BMC Developmental Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-213x-1-4 · Cited by 3,121 · cited 2×
“…BAC transgenic mice (Rivers et al., 2008) were crossed with Cre-sensitive reporter mice—either homozygous Rosa26RYFP (R26R-YFP) reporters (Srinivas et al., 2001) or heterozygous Tau-loxSTOP-lox-mGFP-IRES-NLS-LacZ-pA (Tau-mGFP) mice (Hippenmeyer et al., 2005)—to generate double…”
BackgroundPlasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning
Zatorre, R. J., Fields, R. D., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3045 · Cited by 1,685 · cited 2×
“…is conceivable that adult-born OLs simply myelinate the previously unmyelinated axons in those regions, perhaps changing the functionality of that circuit and contributing in some way to neural plasticity (e.g., motor skills learning) (Fields, 2008; Richardson et al., 2011; Zatorre et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCell death and control of cell survival in the oligodendrocyte lineage
Barres, B. A., Hart, I. K., Coles, H. S. R., Burne, J. F., Voyvodic, J. T., Richardson, W. D., & Raff, M. C. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90531-g · Cited by 1,345 · cited 2×
“Scale bars represent 25 mm.”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhite matter in learning, cognition, and psychiatric disorders
Fields, R. D. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.04.001 · Cited by 1,337 · cited 3×
“…is conceivable that adult-born OLs simply myelinate the previously unmyelinated axons in those regions, perhaps changing the functionality of that circuit and contributing in some way to neural plasticity (e.g., motor skills learning) (Fields, 2008; Richardson et al., 2011; Zatorre et al., 2012).”
BackgroundA Developmental Switch in the Response of DRG Neurons to ETS Transcription Factor Signaling
Hippenmeyer, S., Pecho‐Vrieseling, E., Sigrist, M., Portmann, T., Laengle, C., Ladle, D. R., & Arber, S. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030159 · Cited by 1,111 · cited 3×
“, 2005), we crossed Pdgfra-CreER with Tau-mGFP reporter mice (Hippenmeyer et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodPDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice
Rivers, L. E., Young, K. M., Rizzi, M., Jamen, F., Psachoulia, K., Wade, A., Kessaris, N., & Richardson, W. D. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2220 · Cited by 961 · cited 17×
“Transgenic Mice and Cre Recombination Homozygous Pdgfra-CreER BAC transgenic mice (Rivers et al., 2008) were crossed with Cre-sensitive reporter mice—either homozygous Rosa26RYFP (R26R-YFP) reporters (Srinivas et al.”
InfluentialSelf-citationA critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination
Makinodan, M., Rosen, K. M., Ito, S., & Corfas, G. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1220845 · Cited by 922 · cited 1×
“Recently, it has been shown that the social conditions experienced by mice can influence the morphological complexity of their OLs (including the number of internodes per OL) and that this is mediated by Neuregulin signaling through ErbB3 receptors on OLs (Makinodan et al., 2012).”
BackgroundKang, S. H., Fukaya, M., Yang, J. K., Rothstein, J. D., & Bergles, D. E. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.009 · Cited by 815 · cited 4×
“…of an OL in the cortex because axons in gray matter are not all aligned with one another as they are in white matter (Murtie et al., 2007; Vinet et al., 2010) and is consistent with the myelinating morphology previously reported for adult-born cortical OLs (Kang et al., 2010; Zhu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialProliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells depends on electrical activity in axons
Barres, B. A., & Raff, M. C. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361258a0 · Cited by 673 · cited 1×
“It is possible that naked axons exert an indirect mitogenic effect in white matter; for example, through activity-driven release of Pdgf or other mitogens from local astrocytes, as suggested by Barres and Raff (1993).”
BackgroundZawadzka, M., Rivers, L. E., Fancy, S. P. J., Zhao, C., Tripathi, R., Jamen, F., Young, K., Goncharevich, A., Pohl, H., Rizzi, M., et al. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.002 · Cited by 650 · cited 2×
“Consistent with that, we found that adult-born OLs elaborated much shorter but many more internodes than OLs generated during early postnatal life.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuronal activity promotes oligodendrogenesis and adaptive myelination in the mammalian brain
Gibson, E. M., Purger, D., Mount, C. W., Goldstein, A. K., Lin, G. L., Wood, L. S., Inema, I., Miller, S. E., Bieri, G., Zuchero, J. B., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1252304 · Cited by 1,472
Oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the mouse juvenile and adult central nervous system
Marques, S., Zeisel, A., Codeluppi, S., van Bruggen, D., Mendanha Falcão, A., Xiao, L., Li, H., Häring, M., Hochgerner, H., Romanov, R. A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf6463 · Cited by 1,132
Self-citationMotor skill learning requires active central myelination
McKenzie, I. A., Ohayon, D., Li, H., Paes de Faria, J., Emery, B., Tohyama, K., & Richardson, W. D. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1254960 · Cited by 1,177
Self-citationMyelination of the Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions
Nave, K.-A., & Werner, H. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101 · Cited by 983
Oligodendrocytes: Myelination and Axonal SupportPreprint
Simons, M., & Nave, K. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020479 · Cited by 929
“Over the past, it has become clear that myelin can undergo significant structural changes in adulthood (Young et al. 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Young, K. M., Psachoulia, K., Tripathi, R. B., Dunn, S.-J., Cossell, L., Attwell, D., Tohyama, K., & Richardson, W. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- University College London (GB)
- Microsoft Research (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Iwate Medical University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Richardson, William D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 873-885
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3842597
- OpenAlex
- W2065770359
- Cited by
- 919
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 27
- FWCI
- 21.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Medical Research Council
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Bupa Foundation
- Alzheimer’s Society
- National Institutes of Health
- Wellcome Trust
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- oligodendrocyte precursor cells, myelin remodeling, adult neurogenesis, oligodendrocyte proliferation, optic nerve, internode length, myelination, axonal myelination, oligodendrocyte death, central nervous system development
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cell Count, Cell Cycle, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cell Survival, Central Nervous System, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Transgenic, Myelin Sheath, Oligodendroglia, Optic Nerve, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Microscopy, Confocal, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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