The DOI matches its Crossref record; 217 of the 219 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 184 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands
Open accessAbstract
The rapid increase of the world population constantly demands more food production from agricultural soils. This causes conflicts, since at the same time strong interest arises on novel bio-based products from agriculture, and new perspectives for rural landscapes with their valuable ecosystem services. Agriculture is in transition to fulfill these demands. In many countries, conventional farming, influenced by post-war food requirements, has largely been transformed into integrated and sustainable farming. However, since it is estimated that agricultural production systems will have to produce food for a global population that might amount to 9.1 billion by 2050 and over 10 billion by the end of the century, we will require an even smarter use of the available land, including fallow and derelict sites. One of the biggest challenges is to reverse non-sustainable management and land degradation. Innovative technologies and principles have to be applied to characterize marginal lands, explore options for remediation and re-establish productivity. With view to the heterogeneity of agricultural lands, it is more than logical to apply specific crop management and production practices according to soil conditions. Cross-fertilizing with conservation agriculture, such a novel approach will provide (1) increased resource use efficiency by producing more with less (ensuring food security), (2) improved product quality, (3) ameliorated nutritional status in food and feed products, (4) increased sustainability, (5) product traceability and (6) minimized negative environmental impacts notably on biodiversity and ecological functions. A sustainable strategy for future agriculture should concentrate on production of food and fodder, before utilizing bulk fractions for emerging bio-based products and convert residual stage products to compost, biochar and bioenergy. The present position paper discusses recent developments to indicate how to unlock the potentials of marginal land.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This position paper argues that Europe’s marginal, degraded, and contaminated lands can be mobilized for sustainable intensification, biomass/energy production, and novel bio-based goods while protecting soils. It synthesizes soil degradation evidence, amendment and crop options, microbial tools, precision agriculture, and indicator/valuation frameworks from the EU-FACCE JPI INTENSE project.
Key findings
- Marginal/degraded lands are widespread: all forms of degradation amounted to about 10 million ha per year in Europe, with main causes identified as overgrazing (35%), agriculture (28%), deforestation (30%), fuel wood production (7%), and industrialization (4%). The EU has approximately three million sites with potentially polluting activities, of which an estimated 250,000 may need urgent remediation; remediation costs usually range from €50,000 to €500,000 per site in 40% of reported cases.
- The paper proposes a toolbox combining precision agriculture, organic amendments (compost, manure/digestate, biochar), adapted crop rotations, phytomanagement, and beneficial plant-microbe interactions. It reports soil carbon sequestration potential up to 45 Tg C per year, fertilizer uptake of about 50% for N, 10–25% for P, and 50–60% for K, and notes that biological nitrogen fixation accounts for approximately 65% of nitrogen currently utilized in agriculture.
- Biochar is described as up to 90% carbon by mass and useful for carbon sequestration, soil structure, and contaminant stabilization, but its research is still in its infancy. Compost and digestate are highlighted as organic amendments, with almost 50% of compost produced in Europe used in agriculture; about 32% of composts originate from biowaste and 9% from mixed waste.
- The INTENSE project investigates test sites in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Spain representing low productivity, water scarcity, inappropriate land use, and contamination by trace elements or organic pollutants. The paper outlines decision-tree and functional role-based valuation approaches to guide management and economic assessment.
Methods
- Design: position/vision paper synthesizing literature, project experience, and conceptual frameworks rather than reporting a single primary experiment.
- Data/sample: draws on the EU-FACCE JPI INTENSE project’s test sites in six European countries, with site descriptions covering climate, lithology, soil properties, contamination, amendments, and crops.
- Main analysis: narrative synthesis of soil degradation, amendments, crop rotation, phytomanagement, microbial interactions, indicators (including DPSIR), decision trees, and economic valuation models.
Limitations
- Stated: no indicator perfectly reflects reality; data on macro-aggregate formation and stabilization under reduced disturbance are scarce; biochar research is in its infancy; feasibility of biomass valorization routes is still in its infancy; remote sensing is scarcely used for marginal lands; empirical literature on species diversity valuation from a farmer’s perspective is scarce; Table 5 highlights knowledge gaps.
- Stated: many policy makers seem unfamiliar with opportunities for modern, ecologically sound agriculture, and little new science has been shared with farmers, extension services, or other agricultural scientists and technicians.
- Evident: as a vision/position paper, it does not report complete experimental results from the INTENSE sites; many quantitative claims are cited from other studies rather than newly generated by the paper.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 184 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“The NIR:red ratio is sensitive in detecting water stress of canopies, while the red:red-edge ratio is sensitive to chlorophyll content and consequently, to nitrogen deficiencies (SPAD, Olfs et al., 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Olfs et al., 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Nevertheless, farmers express willingness to pay for these services (Vuolo et al., 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vuolo et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“The NIR:red ratio is sensitive in detecting water stress of canopies, while the red:red-edge ratio is sensitive to chlorophyll content and consequently, to nitrogen deficiencies (SPAD, Olfs et al., 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Olfs et al., 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“The long-term functionality of all these soil processes in agricultural systems is highly dependent on healthy microbial activity (Van der Heijden et al., 2008).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van der Heijden et al., 2008 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The degradation of soil aggregates is one of the primary processes in the loss of organic matter caused by long-term cultivation and overgrazing, but data on how formation and stabilization of macro-aggregates control C enrichment when disturbance is reduced are scarce.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“The sequestration potential is up to 45 Tg (C) per year.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith and Falloon, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Soils in United Kingdom and Ireland (UKI) seem to contain significantly more carbon than soils e.g. in the Mediterranean region.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gardi et al., 2016
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Unfortunately, remote sensing is scarcely used for marginal lands (Gibbs and Salmon, 2015), although it would be of significant benefit if applied (Fig. 5).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gibbs and Salmon, 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“It has been common practice, until 2007, to abandon sites of low productivity, and finally the area under obligatory set-aside amounted to 3.8 million hectares in the EU (Keenleyside et al., 2010).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.1. Marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Keenleyside et al., 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“To feed one person per year, 0.26 ha of fertile soil is needed (FAO, 1994).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites FAO, 1994
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 47
- It may state two separate claims as one. 49
In the paper
“Main causes of soil degradation have been identified to be: overgrazing (35%), agriculture (28%), deforestation (30%), producing fuel wood (7%), and industrialization (4%) (IP/B/AGRI/IC/2009_26, 2009).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.1. Marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites IP/B/AGRI/IC/2009_26, 2009
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Baltic and Scandinavian soils have more carbon than Atlantic Europe, Continental and Mediterranean Europe, but still less than UKI (Gardi et al., 2016).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gardi et al., 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, soil humidity sensors based on conductivity (EM38) are also in use (Heil and Schmidhalter, 2017).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heil and Schmidhalter, 2017
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Based on estimates by the European Environment Agency (Bardos et al., 2008), the number of sites where potentially polluting activities have been carried out in the EU is approximately three million and, of these, an estimated 250,000 sites may need urgent remediation (Panagos et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.1. Marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bardos et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Panagos et al., 2013
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Taking into account that factors affecting crop yield are so complex that even elaborate statistical methods can only give improved, but never accurate results, fuzzy logic approaches are more and more replacing older models in agriculture (Papageorgiou et al., 2011).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Papageorgiou et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Loss of organic matter, soil biodiversity and consequently soil fertility are often driven by unsustainable practices such as deep ploughing on fragile soils or cultivation of erosion-facilitating crops such as maize, and continuous use of heavy machinery destroys soil structure through compaction (German Advisory Council Global Change, 1994).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites German Advisory Council Global Change, 1994
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“But poor land husbandry will have various effects on different soil types (Scherr, 1999), and possibilities of soil improvement can vary substantially, depending upon soil resilience (the resistance to degradation) and soil vulnerability (the degree to which soils degrade when subjected to degradation processes).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scherr, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Soil as a whole is a limited resource and its health is critical for any sustainable development, it is considered a no-renewable resource.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, when the first yield monitors were operated in the 1990s such differences in sections of arable fields could be documented in an exact manner (Schmidhalter et al., 2008).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schmidhalter et al., 2008
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Its damage will lead to irreparable long-term loss of an irreplaceable resource, since topsoil contains the majority of soil organic matter (carbon) (Jobbágy and Jackson, 2000) and most of the biological communities responsible for nutrient cycling and maintaining soil structure.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jobbágy and Jackson, 2000
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It may reduce crop production potential, lower surface water quality and damage drainage systems (Toy et al., 2002).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Toy et al., 2002
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hence, marginal situations develop as the result of the interaction of a combination of factors (Brouwer et al., 2011).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brouwer et al., 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Well-managed agricultural landscapes can also provide protection against extreme natural events like drought, storms and flooding.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While there is considerable potential in European croplands to sequester carbon in soils, it must be clear that carbon sequestration has a finite potential which is nonpermanent.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Even more, today remote and proximal sensing allows also determining plant biomass, nitrogen content, and nitrogen uptake, by that providing the basis for management decisions (Kyratzis et al., 2017).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kyratzis et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In any case, degraded soil is less suited to prevent droughts and flooding and more prone to lose biodiversity (EEA, 2012).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.1. Marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites EEA, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, improved agricultural management often has a range of other environmental and economic benefits in addition to climate mitigation, and this makes any attempt to improve soil carbon storage attractive as part of integrated sustainability policies.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One of the most severe impacts of expanded production and non-sustainable management is land degradation, which reverses the gains obtained from converting forest or grassland to agricultural use or in the passage from intensive to organic farming, and will threaten yield increases obtained from nutrient enrichment and better use of genetic resources (McLaughlin and Kinzelbach, 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 1.1. Challenges for smart intensification
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLaughlin and Kinzelbach, 2015
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The EU has recently addressed the application of precision agriculture as an approach to sustainably intensify food production, achieving food safety and security (European Parliamentary Research Service, 2016).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.1. Detecting the hotspots
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites European Parliamentary Research Service, 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Degradation processes that can be aggravated by agricultural activity include water and wind erosion, physical and chemical weathering, and salt accumulation (Lal, 1989).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 2.2. Soil degradation by poor land husbandry
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lal, 1989 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The treatment of slurry may imply methodology affecting the availability of certain nutrients, for example precipitation of phosphorus through use of FeSO 4 which may decrease availability of P to plants (Krogstad et al., 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.4. Municipal slurries
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Krogstad et al., 2005 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Energy production through AD has increased rapidly during the last years, especially in farm scale facilities, also due to EU subsidies (Mao et al., 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mao et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Besides resulting in an inefficient resource use, nutrient losses can contribute to climate change, depletion of the ozone layer, eutrophication and acidification (Cameron et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cameron et al., 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Efficient recycling of manure could reduce the need of mineral nitrogen fertilizers whose industrial production requires large amounts of energy frequently supplied by fossil sources (Fischedick et al., 2014) and mineral phosphorous fertilizers which is a limited resource, even though estimated world phosphorous reserves have increased during the last years (Scholz et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scholz et al., 2013 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In many conditions, especially sandy soils, the most effective methods of improving soil fertility relate to adding organic matter, by that increasing the capacity of the sorption complex, to retain more water in the rhizosphere (Table 2).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.2. The role of amendments to increase long term productivity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Table 2
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the introduction of synthetically produced plant fertilizers meant that supply of farm manure was not anymore a prerequisite for successful crop production (Schröder, 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schröder, 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Typically, during AD the manure undergoes an increase in pH and ammonium nitrogen as the share of the total N, lower organic matter and C/N ratio, and lower biological oxygen demand (Möller and Müller, 2012).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Möller and Müller, 2012
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Adequately handled manure can increase soil organic matter, water holding capacity and improve other soil physical properties such as infiltration capacity and hydraulic conductivity (Haynes and Naidu, 1998).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Haynes and Naidu, 1998
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Almost 50% of the compost produced in Europe is used in agriculture (Sayen and Eder, 2014).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.3. Compost qualities: Reducing pathogens by suppressive composts
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sayen and Eder, 2014
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In addition, manure application to crops with heavy machinery can easily cause soil compaction and entail negative effects on soil physics, biological properties and plant growth (Nawaz et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nawaz et al., 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Besides, the quality of the compost and speed of the composting process is influenced by many factors (Supplement Table 1).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.3. Compost qualities: Reducing pathogens by suppressive composts
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Supplement Table 1
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Within EU Member States, standards for compost use and quality differ substantially, partly due to differences in soil policies (Table 3).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.3. Compost qualities: Reducing pathogens by suppressive composts
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Table 3
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other risks to the environment associated with manure are the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Heuer et al., 2011) and metal(loid)s (Dach and Starmans, 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.5. Utilize manure/digestate from biogas production
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heuer et al., 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Dach and Starmans, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The addition of e.g.untreated sewage sludge probably increases the content of pathogens and the risk of crop failure or adverse health effects (Matei et al., 2016).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.3. Compost qualities: Reducing pathogens by suppressive composts
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Matei et al., 2016 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In many EU countries, basic procedures are implemented to achieve hygienization, e.g. by raising the temperature during composting (Supplementary Table 1).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.3. Compost qualities: Reducing pathogens by suppressive composts
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Supplementary Table 1
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“On average, the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by plants is about 50% of the available N on site, and it is estimated that assimilation of phosphorous is about 10-25% and potassium reaches 50-60% of the applied amounts.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.7. Lower fertilizer inputs, sustainable and economically feasible methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lubkowski, 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Since enhanced grass silage amounts in mulch lead to extended biomass decomposition, a higher C/N ratio can be observed and therefore N immobilization is higher (Sainju et al., 2006).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.1. Crop rotation schemes for derelict soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sainju et al., 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Regarding plant community development at trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, abiotic factors can be more limiting than competitive interactions between species (Che-Castaldo and Inouye, 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Che-Castaldo and Inouye, 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It may also stimulate microbial communities able to degrade xenobiotics (Rizwan et al., 2016) and it can reduce leaching and phytoavailability of trace elements (TE) in contaminated soils (Park et al., 2011).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.6. Adding biochar to soils
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“About 32% of composts originates from biowaste and 9% from mixed waste, whereas the remaining part derives from sewage sludge and green waste (Sayen and Eder, 2014).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.7. Lower fertilizer inputs, sustainable and economically feasible methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sayen and Eder, 2014
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it has been rediscovered that abandoning crop rotation resulted in soil fertility decline (FAO, 1993) and increases soil erosion.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5. The role of crops on marginal soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites FAO, 1993
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“metal(loid)s in excess, other inorganic contaminants and persistent organic chemicals are of particular concern (Mench et al., 2009(Mench et al., , 2010)).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.8. A special case: Biological methods for soil remediation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mench et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Mench et al., 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Biochar is a recent addition to the list of agricultural amendments but the use of charcoal in soils in truth dates back thousands of years (Qambrani et al., 2017).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.6. Adding biochar to soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Qambrani et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another beneficial aspect is the regulation of weeds and disease suppression (Garrison et al., 2014).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5. The role of crops on marginal soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Garrison et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While larger amounts of biochar could exert negative effects on plant growth, the co-application with manure fertilizers seems to decrease those negative effects (Ippolito et al., 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.6. Adding biochar to soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ippolito et al., 2015
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After World War II it was replaced by more intensive farming practices with mineral fertilizers, pesticides and new technologies to enhance yield (Tilman et al., 2002).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5. The role of crops on marginal soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tilman et al., 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Therefore crop rotation could enhance yield in low-input cropping systems without increasing environmental burdens, at the same time reducing crop-specific pathogens and taking advantage of symbiotic and biological nitrogen fixation (Kulak et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.1. Crop rotation schemes for derelict soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kulak et al., 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Phytoremediation with living plants (or plant-microbe associations) provides a set of options suitable for in situ and ex situ remediation of contaminated soils, sludges, sediments and ground waters through contaminant removal, degradation, sequestration, volatilization or stabilization (Marmiroli and McCutcheon, 2003).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.8. A special case: Biological methods for soil remediation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Marmiroli and McCutcheon, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It received a great deal of attention from regulators, consultants, responsible parties, and stakeholders, and became an attractive alternative to other clean up technologies due to its relatively low cost, potential effectiveness and the inherently aesthetic nature of using plants to clean up contaminated sites (Marmiroli and McCutcheon, 2003).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.8. A special case: Biological methods for soil remediation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Marmiroli and McCutcheon, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Having a microstructure with pores of different dimensions and functional groups exposed on the surfaces, biochar can be favorable to microbial colonization, and this in turn has beneficial effects on soil fertility (Lehmann et al., 2011).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 4.6. Adding biochar to soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lehmann et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, both biochar and compost amendments appear a good option to foster the activity of beneficial plant-associated microorganisms.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Intercropping can be an option to facilitate the phytomanagement of TE-contaminated soils, and plant densities as well (Deng et al., 2016;Bani et al., 2015), notably to phytoextract TE without affecting the productivity and quality of undersown legumes.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The most prominent impact of microorganisms on soil fertility is their effect on nutrient cycles by fixing or mineralizing nutrients from the gross soil nutrient pool, making them available as biofertilizers (Hayat et al., 2010;Bulgarelli et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“IST is the induced resistance due to abiotic stresses like heat, drought, light or the contact to trace metals (Yang et al., 2009).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.3. Biological control and modulation of the host plant immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yang et al., 2009 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To do so, they rely on proteases and chitinases specifically targeting major soil N sources: peptides and chitin (Chalot and Brun, 1998).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chalot and Brun, 1998
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“(c) Phosphorus solubilization, whereby insoluble organic and inorganic phosphates (approximately 95% of the soil phosphorus) are transformed into plant-accessible HPO 4 -2 and H 2 PO 4 -1 through microbial production of organic acids (e.g.oxalate) and enzymatic mineralization (e.g.phosphatases) (Rodrıǵuez and Fraga, 1999).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodrıǵuez and Fraga, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“(d) iron solubilization, whereby inaccessible ferric ions (Fe 3+ ), which are dominant in the soil nutrient pool, can be mobilized through the production of low-molecular-weight iron-chelating siderophores by both monocots and microorganisms, thus improving iron bioavailability and uptake by roots and microbes (Wandersman and Delepelaire, 2004;Jeong and Guerinot, 2009).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wandersman and Delepelaire, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Jeong and Guerinot, 2009
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“SAR represents a systemic induced immune response of plants, contributing to a durable and broad spectrum resistance to a vast majority of harmful microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses (Vlot et al., 2009).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.3. Biological control and modulation of the host plant immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vlot et al., 2009 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“ISR describes a systemic resistance effect triggered by beneficial root-colonizing rhizobacteria in distal not-challenged plant parts of monocotyledons and dicotyledons (De Vleesschauwer et al., 2009;Pieterse et al., 2014).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.3. Biological control and modulation of the host plant immune system
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Biological nitrogen fixation approximately accounts for 65% of the nitrogen currently utilized in agriculture (Weyens et al., 2009a, b).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Weyens et al., 2009a, b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Together these compounds function as signaling molecules (Fig. 7) and elicitors of tolerance to abiotic stressors (drought, salinity or nutrient imbalance) in a process termed induced systemic tolerance (IST) (Yang et al., 2009) as well as in triggering the host plant immune system in a process termed induced systemic resistance (ISR) (Ryu et al., 2004).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.2. Biosynthesis of phytohormones
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As pointed out above, agricultural management strategies utilizing soil amendments such as compost and biochar mainly seek to improve soil fertility and the underlying ecosystem services by adjusting soil pH and increasing soil nutrient content and retention capacity (Diacono andMontemurro, 2010, Touceda-González et al., 2017a, b).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Diacono andMontemurro, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Touceda-González et al., 2017a, b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mycorrhizal fungi are especially beneficial for plants due to their ability to convert soil organic N into ammonium, which is partly shared with the plant host.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chalot and Brun, 1998
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“When acting in concert with oxidative mechanisms this process improves the access to organic N from a polysaccharide-polyphenol matrix (Shah et al., 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shah et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, the production of siderophores may deprive pathogenic bacteria and fungi from iron thereby limiting their pathogenicity (Sharma and Johri, 2003;Compant et al., 2005).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.3. Biological control and modulation of the host plant immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sharma and Johri, 2003
- Not checked yetcites Compant et al., 2005 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Macroporous trees and shrubs can prevent pollutant spread, and mixed plantations of species with different rooting depths might be capable to control the movement of pollutants in the soil (Schröder and Collins, 2002).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 5.2. Plants for the removal of pollutants from contaminated soils
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schröder and Collins, 2002
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The indirect use arises from the functioning of the biological system and if useful to humans, it leads to (bundles of) ecosystem services (Farnsworth et al., 2015).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7.2. The economic valuation of biodiversity and selected management practices for marginal land
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farnsworth et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Boerema et al. (2016) propose a cascade analysis for the adequate quantification of ecosystem services.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7.2. The economic valuation of biodiversity and selected management practices for marginal land
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boerema et al., 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The DPSIR modeloriginally developed by the OECD (1993) for environmental indicators, later developed by the EEA (1999)takes these processes into account and allows comprehensive causal analysis of key factors influencing land use.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7. Indicators and models -Enabling tools for land use planning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites OECD, 1993
- Not checked yetcites EEA, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The cascade analysis recommends to account for both the ecological and the socio-economic sides for ecosystem service valuation.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7.2. The economic valuation of biodiversity and selected management practices for marginal land
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boerema et al., 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Notably process-based models have previously been used to evaluate the growth, development and yield of annual and perennial crops under a wide range of conditions (Jones et al., 2003;Keating et al., 2003;Stöckle et al., 2003), including climate change projection across the globe (White et al., 2011;Asseng et al., 2013).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7.1. Using indicators and models
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Established mechanisms include the mycelium, which has a smaller diameter than root hairs and therefore better access to bound water (Lehto and Zwiazek, 2011) and various mechanisms protecting the mycorrhizal fungus (and therefore also the plant root) from osmotic stress, such as accumulation of osmolytes (mannitol, trehalose); surface hydrophobicity and bacterial secretion of exopolysaccharides (”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.4. Drought, osmotic stress and freezing resistance
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effectiveness of strategies in restoring and safeguarding ecosystem services and the role of biodiversity can then be calculated as the net added value of biodiversity and management strategies for agricultural productivity.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7.3. Functional role-based valuation of biodiversity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Precise farming techniques will be helpful to re-establish soil life as first priority, and to re-introduce cycling of nutrients.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 8. Unlock the potential of marginal lands
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For the remediation of soils contaminated with metal(loid)s, the use of plant-associated microorganisms could increase availability, uptake and translocation and decrease phytotoxicity (phytoextraction) and/or contribute to the stabilization of the trace elements in excess (phytostabilization) (Lebeau et al., 2008).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.6. Soil remediation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lebeau et al., 2008 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The advantage of indicators is that they simplify the quantification of complex phenomena so that the core information can be communicated in a more readily understandable form, even or especially to the public (Bell and Morse, 2008).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 7. Indicators and models -Enabling tools for land use planning
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bell and Morse, 2008
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“With regard to trace element contaminated soils, a variety of physicochemical remediation methods has been adopted, including solidification, electrokinetic soil remediation, encapsulation or soil destructive excavation, followed by washing, pyrolysis or disposal of contaminated soil (Vegter, 2001;Virkutyte et al., 2002, Schwitzguébel et al., 2002).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 8. Unlock the potential of marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vegter, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Virkutyte et al., 2002 source
- Not checked yetcites Schwitzguébel et al., 2002
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Clear-cut evidence is presented in EU papers that growing crops on degraded land, without trying to revert the degradation status, will not be sustainable, and continued land degradation will be unavoidable if we don't alter the course.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 8. Unlock the potential of marginal lands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites EU papers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These options are expected to have a net positive effect on soil organisms as compared to untreated marginal sites, resulting in different provisioning of ecosystem services.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 9. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence microbially controlled soil processes are likely to be unstable in a versatile environment, and the loss of a species may lead to the loss of a given soil function.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.2. Diversity versus function: What do we have to know about soil microbes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Microbes are sensitive to environmental conditions such as water content, pH or temperature.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Microorganisms, and especially mycorrhiza, also play crucial roles in plant resistance to drought and osmotic stress and the tolerance against episodes of freezing and thawing.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.4. Drought, osmotic stress and freezing resistance
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear that unless the course is reverted, restoration will not occur and the soil will never again be able to complete its full functions.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 8. Unlock the potential of marginal lands
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Polluted abandoned sites remain unproductive in agricultural and ecological context and will not revert to their former state through good agricultural, rangeland management or forestry practice alone.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Since microorganisms can produce a wide array of compounds with antimicrobial activity (e.g.phenazines) (Berg et al., 2001, Berg, 2009) and hydrolytic enzymes catalyzing cell wall lysis, they will control growth and activity of pathogenic fungi (Krechel et al., 2002).”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 6.1.3. Biological control and modulation of the host plant immune system
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When agriculture thrives under the auspices of land-owners educated in sustainable land use, the potential of marginal lands will be unlocked and strengthened, and local stakeholders will defend their region from further degradation to establish economically sound management systems.”
§ Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands > 9. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The best soils should always be used for food production, while less productive fields could serve as production sites for biomass or energy.
“Having postulated that the best soils should always be used for food production, while less productive fields could serve as production sites for biomass or energy, we have to understand why some lands are unproductive.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Marginal, neglected or polluted sites can be used for agricultural production, at least for raw materials and/or bioenergy, without compromising food production or ecosystem services.
“a change in the EU's agricultural policies is needed to consider marginal, neglected or polluted sites for agricultural production, at least for raw materials and/or bioenergy, if not for feed and food.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Amending organic matter to soils increases aggregate formation potential.
“amending organic matter to soils will increase the aggregate formation potential, over-fertilization can lead to an uncoupling of processes that challenge the whole ecosystem and its productivity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Over-fertilization can lead to an uncoupling of processes that challenge the whole ecosystem and its productivity.
“amending organic matter to soils will increase the aggregate formation potential, over-fertilization can lead to an uncoupling of processes that challenge the whole ecosystem and its productivity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Anthropogenic activities cause soil quality losses over time, which may not revert easily.
“It becomes clear that anthropogenic activities cause soil quality losses over time, which may not revert easily.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Failure to protect soils after disturbance inevitably results in their degradation, with environmental impacts affecting other ecosystems and human life.
“Failure to protect soils after disturbance results inevitably in their degradation will consequently have environmental impacts and affect other precious ecosystems and even human life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Large areas of land can be considered degraded according to production, ecological and health criteria.
“Given the large areas of land which both according to production, ecological and health criteria can be considered degraded, it is ever so important to develop and implement practices which aim at restoring the production potential in ecologically sound and sustainable ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mixed and multiple pollution complicates the situation of marginal soil test sites.
“Their situation is complicated by the fact that mixed and multiple pollution occurs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Addition of compost retains water and controls soil temperature.
“In itself, the addition of compost is a beneficial act, since it retains water and controls soil temperature, but, as we know today, it has to be properly planned with respect to sources, amounts and timing.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Compost quality factors are influenced by degree of compost maturity and stability.
“Both factor groups will be influenced by the degree of compost maturity and stability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Untreated composts prepared from waste organic matter may transfer microbiological risks depending on initial substrate composition.
“Untreated composts prepared from waste organic matter may transfer microbiological risks, depending on the initial composition of the substrate.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Application of immature composts may increase pathogen populations.
“Application of immature composts may even increase pathogen populations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Municipal slurries may differ a lot in quality according to cleaning methodology and connected enterprises and product lines.
“Municipal slurries may differ a lot in quality according to cleaning methodology and to which enterprises and product lines connect to the system.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Hygienization of slurry through large quantities of lime may increase pH to very high levels and limit nutrient availability.
“The hygienization of slurry through use of large quantities of lime may increase the pH to very high levels and thus also limit nutrient availability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In manure and other organic substrates, nutrients are largely bound to compounds that cannot be taken up easily by plants.
“In manure and other organic substrates the nutrients are largely bound to compounds that cannot be taken up easily by plants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Biochar's main role is in carbon sequestration, with carbon representing up to 90% of mass, contributing to mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and climate change.
“The main role of biochar is in carbon sequestration, with carbon representing up to 90% of the mass, thereby contributing to mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and climate change.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Use of biochar increases soil water retention and availability of some nutrients to plants.
“use of biochar was shown to increase soil water retention and availability of some nutrients to plants.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Biochar can boost plant defense against biotic stresses and pathogen attacks.
“At the same time, it can boost plant defense against biotic stresses, and pathogen attacks.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Organic amendments, in particular compost, contain all nutrients required for crop growth.
“Organic amendments, in particular compost, can represent a valuable tool to improve soil fertility sustainably, since they contain all nutrients required for crop growth.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Applying organic amendments in marginal soils will positively influence soil organic carbon, available forms of phosphorus and potassium, microbial activity, water storage and soil pH.
“Applying these amendments in marginal soils will positively influence a number of soil properties like soil organic carbon, available forms of phosphorus and potassium, microbial activity, water storage and soil pH.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Application of organic amendments will improve soil structure.
“Of course, application of organic amendments will also improve soil structure.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Accumulation of contaminants in plants may present a problem with contaminants entering the food chain or cause plants to become a waste disposal issue.
“The accumulation of contaminants in the plants may present a problem with contaminants entering the food chain (e.g.herbivores) or cause the plants to become a waste disposal issue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
With cultivation of legumes, crop rotation reverts land degradation, increases soil fertility and enhances nitrogen availability.
“With the cultivation of legumes, crop rotation reverts land degradation, increases soil fertility and enhances nitrogen availability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
C/N ratio is pivotal for elaborate life cycle assessment of crop rotation schemes on farm level.
“In the context of increasing soil resilience, the C/ N ratio is pivotal for an elaborate life cycle assessment of crop rotation schemes on the farm level.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Crop rotation on marginal lands can increase sustainability and lead to productivity.
“Especially on marginal lands crop rotation can increase sustainability and lead to productivity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Selection of plant species and optimization of growth in the presence of contaminants are key players in successful phytomanagement of degraded and contaminated soils under different pedo-climatic conditions.
“Selection of plant species and optimization of growth in the presence of contaminants are key players in successful”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The more microbes are active, the more they will contribute to soil mineralization processes.
“As a general rule, we may assume that the more microbes are active, the more they will contribute to soil mineralization processes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Microbes are sensitive to environmental conditions such as water content, pH or temperature.
“Microbes are however sensitive to environmental conditions such as water content, pH or temperature.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Across the world, valuable agricultural land has become abandoned due to pollution.
“And even more, across the world, valuable agricultural land has become abandoned due to pollution.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Polluted abandoned sites remain unproductive in agricultural and ecological context and will not revert to their former state through good agricultural, rangeland management or forestry practice alone.
“Such sites remain unproductive in agricultural and ecological context and will not revert to their former state through good agricultural, rangeland management or forestry practice alone.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many policy makers seem to be unfamiliar with the opportunities for modern, ecologically sound agriculture, or of alternative policies that would enable sustainable farming on marginal and abandoned sites.
“This is imperative, since many policy makers seem to be unfamiliar with the opportunities for modern, ecologically sound agriculture, or of alternative policies that would enable sustainable farming on marginal and abandoned sites.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Invertebrates and microbial activity are pivotal in the fragmentation and decomposition of dead organic material and turn it into humus and stable substance.
“Invertebrates and microbial activity are pivotal in the fragmentation and decomposition of dead organic material and turn it into humus, and stable substance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Scientific progress of the last decades has resulted in a large number of valuable techniques to assess soils, productivity and ecosystem services.
“Scientific progress of the last decades has resulted in a large number of valuable techniques to assess soils, productivity and ecosystem services.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The ecological and human health risk of contaminated soils may be greatest if erosion continues to relocate soil or if the pollutants are resistant to decomposition.
“The ecological and human health risk of contaminated soils may be greatest if erosion continues to relocate soil or if the pollutants are resistant to decomposition.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“sustainable bioenergy production can efficiently reduce the risk of energy poverty and contribute to the economic development, especially in developing countries”
From Bioenergy production and environmental impacts (2018) · cites this paper as Schroder et al. 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Industrial biomass figure conflicts with material-use share
MinorTen percent of the stated 12 billion tons is 1.2 billion tons of biomass for material use. The paper also reports only 1.26 million tons for industrial purposes in 2011-roughly a thousandfold less-without distinguishing the categories in a way that reconciles the figures.
“In 2011, 12 billion tons (t) dry matter (DM) biomass from agriculture, grazing and forestry have been utilized for feed (58%), bioenergy (heat and electricity, 16%), food (14%), material use (10%) and biofuels (1%) worldwide.”
“biomass used for industrial purposes in 2011 was 1.26 million t DM.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schröder, P., Beckers, B., Daniels, S., Gnädinger, F., Maestri, E., Marmiroli, N., Mench, M., Millan, R., Obermeier, M. M., Oustriere, N., Persson, T., Poschenrieder, C., Rineau, F., Rutkowska, B., Schmid, T., Szulc, W., Witters, N., & Sæbø, A.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Hasselt University (BE)
- University of Parma (IT)
- Université de Bordeaux (FR)
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NO)
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences (PL)
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Schröder, P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 616-617
- Pages
- 1101-1123
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767782761
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-SUSF-0007)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant and soil sciences
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- marginal land, land degradation, conservation agriculture, bioenergy, bioproducts, soil conservation, food security, resource efficiency, soil remediation, compost, biochar, soil heterogeneity, sustainable agriculture
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