The connections of the dopaminergic system with the striatum in rats and primates: an analysis with respect to the functional and compartmental organization of the striatum

Joel, D; Weiner, I

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00575-8

Cited by 614Neurological disorders and treatmentsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The connections of the dopaminergic system with the striatum in rats and primates: an analysis with respect to the functional and compartmental organization of the striatum

Joel, D, Weiner, I·2000·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00575-8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This Commentary compares the connections of the dopaminergic system with the striatum in rats and primates with respect to two levels of striatal organization: a tripartite functional (motor, associative and limbic) subdivision and a compartmental (patch/striosome-matrix) subdivision. The topography of other basal ganglia projections to the dopaminergic system with respect to their tripartite functional subdivision is also reviewed. This examination indicates that, in rats and primates, the following observations can be made. (1) The limbic striatum reciprocates its dopaminergic input and in addition innervates most of the dopaminergic neurons projecting to the associative and motor striatum, whereas the motor and associative striatum reciprocate only part of their dopaminergic input. Therefore, the connections of the three striatal subregions with the dopaminergic system are asymmetrical, but the direction of asymmetry differs between the limbic versus the motor and associative striatum. (2) The limbic striatum provides the main striatal input to dopamine cell bodies and proximal dendrites, with some contribution from a subset of neurons in the associative and motor striatum (patch neurons in rats; an unspecified group of neurons in primates), while striatal input to the ventrally extending dopamine dendrites arises mainly from a subset of neurons in the associative and motor striatum (matrix neurons in rats; an unspecified group of neurons in primates). (3) Projections from functionally corresponding subdivisions of the striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus to the dopaminergic system overlap, but the specific targets (dopamine cells, dopamine dendrites, GABA cells) of these projections differ. Major differences include the following. (1) In rats, neurons projecting to the motor and associative striatum reside in distinct regions, while in primates they are arranged in interdigitating clusters. (2) In rats, the terminal fields of projections arising from the motor and associative striatum are largely segregated, while in primates they are not. (3) In rats, patch- and matrix-projecting dopamine cells are organized in spatially, morphologically, histochemically and hodologically distinct ventral and dorsal tiers, while in primates there is no (bi)division of the dopaminergic system that results in two areas which have all the characteristics of the two tiers in rats. Based on the anatomical data and known dopamine cell physiology, we forward an hypothesis regarding the influence of the basal ganglia on dopamine cell activity which captures at least part of the complex interplay taking place within the substantia nigra between projections arising from the different basal ganglia nuclei. Finally, we incorporate the striatal connections with the dopaminergic system into an open-interconnected scheme of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00575-8

Cites

300 of 300 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

This leads to a flow of information from ventral to dorsal striatal circuits via communication with dopamine neurons, and enables information processed within the VS to iteratively influence dorsal striatal computations.
“This leads to a flow of information from ventral to dorsal striatal circuits via communication with dopamine neurons, and enables information processed within the VS to iteratively influence dorsal striatal computations (Figure 2).”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Joel and Weiner, 2000
Protracted exposure to addictive drugs recruits dopamine-dependent striato-nigro-striatal ascending spirals from the nucleus accumbens to more dorsal regions of the striatum.
“One influential proposal is that a protracted exposure to addictive drugs recruits dopamine-dependent striato-nigro-striatal ascending spirals (Haber et al., 2000; Joel and Weiner, 2000) from the nucleus accumbens to more dorsal regions of the striatum (Everitt et al., 2008).”
From Goals and Habits in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as Joel and Weiner, 2000

Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., & Strick, P. L. (1986) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041 · Cited by 8,527 · see citing works
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
Albin, R. L., Young, A. B., & Penney, J. B. (1989) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89)90074-x · Cited by 5,353 · see citing works
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF MONOAMINE-CONTAINING NEURONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. I. DEMONSTRATION OF MONOAMINES IN THE CELL BODIES OF BRAIN STEM NEURONS.
Dahlstroem, A., & Fuxé, K. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 5,143 · see citing works
Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing
Alexander, G. E., & Crutcher, M. D. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90107-l · Cited by 4,131 · see citing works
Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin
DeLong, M. R. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90110-v · Cited by 3,824 · see citing works
Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain
Ungerstedt, U. (1971) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.1971.tb10998.x · Cited by 3,819 · see citing works
AGEING AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE: SUBSTANTIA NIGRA REGIONAL SELECTIVITY
FEARNLEY, J. M., & LEES, A. J. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.5.2283 · Cited by 3,529 · see citing works
Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions.
Alexander, G. E., Crutcher, M. D., & DeLong, M. R. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 2,422 · see citing works
From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system
MOGENSON, G., JONES, D., & YIM, C. (1980) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0 · Cited by 2,331 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
Parent, A., & Hazrati, L.-N. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)00007-c · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Chapter 6 Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, “prefrontal” and “limbic” functions
(1991) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62678-3 · Cited by 1,961 · see citing works
Uneven Pattern of Dopamine Loss in the Striatum of Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Kish, S. J., Shannak, K. S., & Hornykiewicz, O. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198804073181402 · Cited by 1,945 · see citing works
Food reward: brain substrates of wanting and liking
Berridge, K. C. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00033-b · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia
Grace, A. A. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90196-u · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the basal ganglia
Graybiel, A. M. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90104-i · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
Topographical organization of the efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: An anterograde tract‐tracing study with <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> leucoagglutinin
Sesack, S. R., Deutch, A. Y., Roth, R. H., & Bunney, B. S. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902900205 · Cited by 1,568 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization
Gerfen, C. R. (1992) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90355-c · Cited by 1,471 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidium in basal ganglia circuitry
Parent, A., & Hazrati, L. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)00008-d · Cited by 1,351 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of schizophrenia
Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Hemsley, D. R., & Smith, A. D. (1991) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00065055 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
The organization of the projection from the cerebral cortex to the striatum in the rat
McGeorge, A. J., & Faull, R. L. M. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90128-0 · Cited by 1,345 · see citing works
The Basal Ganglia and Adaptive Motor Control
Graybiel, A. M., Aosaki, T., Flaherty, A. W., & Kimura, M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8091209 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat
Beckstead, R. M., Domesick, V. B., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)91001-1 · Cited by 1,293 · see citing works
Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat
Heimer, L., Zahm, D. S., Churchill, L., Kalivas, P. W., & Wohltmann, C. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90202-y · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders: The striatopallidal, amygdaloid, and corticopetal components of substantia innominata
Alheid, G. F., & Heimer, L. (1988) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(88)90217-5 · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
Ascending Monoamine Neurons to the Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Andén, N. ‐., Dahlström, A. B., Fuxé, K., Larsson, K., Olson, L., & Ungerstedt, U. (1966) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03318.x · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia
(1994) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.001.0001 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and neostriatum
Fallon, J. H., & Moore, R. Y. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901800310 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
The patterns of afferent innervation of the core and shell in the “Accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported fluoro‐gold
Brog, J. S., Salyapongse, A., Deutch, A. Y., & Zahm, D. S. (1993) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903380209 · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
Longitudinal topography and interdigitation of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey
Selemon, L. D., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-03-00776.1985 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
On the significance of subterritories in the “accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum
Zahm, D. S., & Brog, J. S. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90202-d · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization in the basal ganglia
Gerfen, C. R. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.001441 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia
MARSDEN, C. D. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.5.514 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Common cortical and subcortical targets of the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in the rhesus monkey: evidence for a distributed neural network subserving spatially guided behavior
Selemon, L. D., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-11-04049.1988 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem.
Boyd, J. D. (1955) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1955.00930010774037 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Efferent connections and nigral afferents of the nucleus accumbens septi in the rat
Nauta, W. J. H., Smith, G. P., Faull, R. L. M., & Domesick, V. B. (1978) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(78)90041-6 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Organization of the projections from the subiculum to the ventral striatum in the rat. A study using anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
Groenewegen, H. J., Vermeulen‐Vanderzee, E., Kortschot, A. T., & Witter, M. P. (1987) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(87)90275-2 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Topographical organization and relationship with ventral striatal compartments of prefrontal corticostriatal projections in the rat
Berendse, H. W., Graaf, Y. G.-D., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903160305 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: compartmentalization of corticostriatal input and striatonigral output systems
Gerfen, C. R. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/311461a0 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Demonstration and mapping out of nigro-neostriatal dopamine neurons
Andén, N. ‐., Carlsson, A., Dahlström, A. B., Fuxé, K., Hillarp, N. ‐., & Larsson, K. (1964) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(64)90161-4 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: II. Patch- and matrix-directed mesostriatal dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems
Gerfen, C. R., Herkenham, M. A., & Thibault, J. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-12-03915.1987 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
The nucleus accumbens as a complex of functionally distinct neuronal ensembles: An integration of behavioural, electrophysiological and anatomical data
Pennartz, C. M. A., Groenewegen, H. J., & LOPESDASILVA, F. (1994) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(94)90025-6 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward
Schultz, W., Apicella, P., Scarnati, E., & Ljungberg, T. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-12-04595.1992 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Dendritic release of dopamine in the substantia nigra
Chéramy, A., Leviel, V., & Glowinski, J. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/289537a0 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
The organization of projections from the cortes, amygdala, and hypothalamus to the nucleus of the solitary tract in rat
van der Kooy, D., Koda, L. Y., McGinty, J. F., Gerfen, C. R., & Bloom, F. E. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902240102 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease
Marsden, C. D., & Obeso, J. A. (1994) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/117.4.877 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Neurotransmitter regulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area
Kalivas, P. W. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90008-n · Cited by 708 · see citing works
The organization of the rat motor cortex: A microstimulation mapping study
Neafsey, E. J., Bold, E. L., HAAS, G., Hurley-Gius, K. M., Quirk, G. J., Sievert, C. F., & Terreberry, R. R. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(86)80191-3 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania, and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striatopallido-thalamic function
Swerdlow, N. R., & Koob, G. F. (1987) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00047488 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Involvement of the amygdala in stimulus-reward associations: interaction with the ventral striatum
Cador, M., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90354-0 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: compartmental distribution of calcium-binding protein and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia of the rat and monkey.
Gerfen, C. R., Baimbridge, K. G., & Miller, J. J. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8780 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Extrinsic connections of the basal ganglia
Parent, A. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90105-j · Cited by 633 · see citing works
The organization of the rat motor cortex: A microstimulation mapping study
Neafsey, E. J., Bold, E. L., Haas, G., Hurley-Gius, K. M., Quirk, G. J., Sievert, C. F., & Terreberry, R. R. (1986) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(86)90011-1 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
The Left Striato-pallidal Hyperactivity Model of Schizophrenia
Early, T. S., Haller, J., Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. (2019) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315785004-2 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat: Light and electron microscopic analysis with the PHA‐L method
Kita, H., & Kitai, S. T. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902600309 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
The involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in appetitive and aversive motivation
Salamone, J. D. (1994) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)90153-8 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release in the brain: Facts and hypothesis
Chesselet, M.-F. (1984) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90058-7 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Anatomy, pigmentation, ventral and dorsal subpopulations of the substantia nigra, and differential cell death in Parkinson's disease.
Gibb, W. R. G., & Lees, A. J. (1991) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.5.388 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Projection subtypes of rat neostriatal matrix cells revealed by intracellular injection of biocytin
Kawaguchi, Y., Wilson, C. J., & Emson, P. C. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-10-03421.1990 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic. I. compartmental organization of projections from the striatum to the substantia nigra in the rat
Gerfen, C. R. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902360404 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Primate globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus: functional organization
DeLong, M. R., Crutcher, M. D., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.530 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
A Model of How the Basal Ganglia Generate and Use Neural Signals That Predict Reinforcement
Houk, J. C., Adams, J. L., & Barto, A. G. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.003.0020 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Afferent projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus: A horseradish peroxidase study in the rat
Phillipson, O. T. (1979) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901870108 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
The basolateral amygdala-ventral striatal system and conditioned place preference: further evidence of limbic-striatal interactions underlying reward-related processes
Everitt, B. J., Morris, K. A., O'Brien, A., & Robbins, T. W. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90145-e · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Chapter 5 The anatomical relationship of the prefrontal cortex with the striatopallidal system, the thalamus and the amygdala: evidence for a parallel organization
Groenewegen, H. J., Berendse, H. W., Wolters, J. G., & Lohman, A. H. M. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62677-1 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
The pre- and postnatal development of the dopaminergic cell groups in the ventral mesencephalon and the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum of the rat
Voorn, P., Kalsbeek, A., Jorritsma‐Byham, B., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1988) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(88)90041-3 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Antidromic identification of dopaminergic and other output neurons of the rat substantia nigra
Guyenet, P. G., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90654-6 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons
Overton, P. G., & Clark, D. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00039-8 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Pharmacological characterization of dopamine systems in the nucleus accumbens core and shell
Deutch, A. Y., & Cameron, D. S. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90007-o · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Organization of the output of the ventral striatopallidal system in the rat: ventral pallidal efferents
Groenewegen, H. J., Berendse, H. W., & Haber, S. N. (1993) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90115-v · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Chapter 3 Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the prefrontal cortex in rat and in primates, including humans
Uylings, H. B. M., & van Eden, C. G. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62675-8 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Relative sparing in Parkinson's disease of substantia nigra dopamine neurons containing calbindin-D28K
Yamada, T., McGeer, P. L., Baimbridge, K. G., & McGeer, E. G. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91236-a · Cited by 448 · see citing works
The influence of fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease
Herlofson, K., & Larsen, J. O. (2003) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.02033.x · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Crossed connections of the substantia nigra in the rat
Gerfen, C. R., Staines, W. A., Fibiger, H. C., & Arbuthnott, G. W. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902070308 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Efferent connections of the ventral pallidum: Evidence of a dual striato pallidofugal pathway
Haber, S. N., Groenewegen, H. J., Grove, E. A., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902350304 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
The organization of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Open interconnected rather than closed segregated
Joel, D., & Weiner, I. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90536-3 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Self-citation
Speculations on the Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Disorders
Penney, J. B., & Young, A. B. (1983) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.06.030183.000445 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus, substantia innominata, and lateral preoptic-lateral hypothalamic area: an anatomical and electrophysiological investigation in the rat
Mogenson, G. J., Swanson, L. W., & Wu, M. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-01-00189.1983 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Two transpallidal pathways originating in the rat nucleus accumbens
Zahm, D. S., & Heimer, L. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903020302 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Efferents and afferents of the ventral tegmental-A10 region studied after local injection of [3H]leucine and horseradish peroxidase
Simon, H., Moal, M. L., & Calas, A. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90085-4 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Paradoxical GABA excitation of nigral dopaminergic cells: Indirect mediation through reticulata inhibitory neurons
Grace, A. A., & Bunney, B. S. (1979) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(79)90283-8 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Specificity in the efferent projections of the nucleus accumbens in the rat: Comparison of the rostral pole projection patterns with those of the core and shell
Zahm, D. S., & Heimer, L. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903270205 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Functional–anatomical implications of the nucleus accumbens core and shell subterritories
ZAHM, D. S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09264.x · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Motor Functions of the Basal Ganglia
DeLong, M. R., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (1981) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010221 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of rat substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons by pars reticulata projection neurons
Tepper, J. M., Martin, L., & Anderson, D. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-04-03092.1995 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Selective Innervation of Neostriatal Interneurons by a Subclass of Neuron in the Globus Pallidus of the Rat
Bevan, M. D., Booth, P. A. C., Eaton, S. A., & Bolam, J. P. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-22-09438.1998 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Compartmental organization of the ventral striatum of the rat: Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, dopamine, and calcium‐binding protein
Voorn, P., Gerfen, C. R., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902890202 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Excitatory influence of rat subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra pars reticulata and the pallidal complex: electrophysiological data
Robledo, P., & Féger, J. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90952-8 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Prefrontostriatal connections in relation to cortical architectonic organization in rhesus monkeys
Yeterian, E. H., & Pandya, D. N. (1991) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903120105 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Tonic Activation of NMDA Receptors Causes Spontaneous Burst Discharge of Rat Midbrain Dopamine Neurons In Vivo
Chergui, K., Charléty, P. J., Akaoka, H., Saunier, C. F., Brunet, J.-L., Buda, M., Svensson, T. H., & Chouvet, G. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00479.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
The neostriatal mosaic: III. Biochemical and developmental dissociation of patch-matrix mesostriatal systems
Gerfen, C. R., Baimbridge, K. G., & Thibault, J. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-12-03935.1987 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Differential connections of caudate nucleus and putamen in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
Smith, Y., & Parent, A. (1986) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90159-4 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Dementia in Parkinson's disease is related to neuronal loss in the medial substantia nigra
Rinne, J. O., Rummukainen, J., Paljärvi, L., & Rinne, U. K. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260107 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Ramifications of the globus pallidus in the rat as indicated by patterns of immunohistochemistry
Haber, S. N., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1983) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90291-9 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
An autoradiographic study of efferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta
Devito, J. L., & Anderson, M. E. (1982) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00238104 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Striatal inhomogeneities and basal ganglia function
Penney, J. B., & Young, A. B. (1986) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870010102 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus: An autoradiographic study in monkey and cat
Nauta, H. J. W., & Cole, M. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901800102 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
The dopaminergic innervation of the ventral striatum in the rat: A light‐ and electron‐microscopical study with antibodies against dopamine
Voorn, P., Jorritsma‐Byham, B., Dijk, C. V., & Buijs, R. M. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902510106 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi on performance of a 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats: Implications for theories of selective attention and arousal
Cole, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1989) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80048-8 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Regulation of somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area by opioids and GABA: an in vivo microdialysis study
Klitenick, M., DeWitte, P., & Kalivas, P. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-07-02623.1992 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Chapter 7 Prefrontal cortical control of the autonomic nervous system: Anatomical and physiological observations
Neafsey, E. J. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62679-5 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: An anterograde tracing study
Haber, S. N., Lynd‐Balta, E., Klein, C. M., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902930210 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the squirrel monkey as studied by the PHA‐L anterograde tracing method
Smith, Y., Hazrati, L., & Parent, A. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902940213 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The topical organization of the afferents to the caudatoputamen of the rat. A horseradish peroxidase study
Veening, J. G., Cornelissen, F. M., & Lieven, P. A. J. M. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90198-0 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The projections of the entopeduncular nucleus and globus pallidus in rat as demonstrated by autoradiography and horseradish peroxidase histochemistry
Carter, D. A., & Fibiger, H. C. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901770108 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine deficiency in parkinson's disease: Role of aging
Scherman, D., Desnos, C., Darchen, F., Pollak, P., Javoy-Agid, F., & Agid, Y. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260409 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Correspondence between the Dopamine islands and striosomes of the mammalian striatum
Graybiel, A. M. (1984) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90293-8 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Connections of the subthalamic nucleus with ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat
Groenewegen, H. J., & Berendse, H. W. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902940408 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Connections of the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey
Carpenter, M. B., Carleton, S. C., Keller, J. T., & Conte, P. (1981) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)91113-6 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Afferent and Efferent Relationships of the Basal Ganglia
Nauta, W. J. H., & Domesick, V. B. (1984) · Novartis Foundation Symposia · doi:10.1002/9780470720882.ch2 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Subdivisions of the dopamine-containing A8-A9-A10 complex identified by their differential mesostriatal innervation of striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix
Jiménez-Castellanos, J., & Graybiel, A. M. (1987) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(87)90285-5 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The tonic/phasic model of dopamine system regulation: its relevance for understanding how stimulant abuse can alter basal ganglia function
Grace, A. A. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)01066-t · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The connections of the primate subthalamic nucleus: indirect pathways and the open-interconnected scheme of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry
Joel, D., & Weiner, I. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00018-5 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citation
The striatopallidal and striatonigral projections: two distinct fiber systems in primate
Parent, A., Bouchard, C., & Smith, Y. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)91224-1 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: Anatomy, pathways and local organization
Felten, D. L., & Sladek, J. R. (1983) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(83)90045-x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Anatomical aspects of information processing in primate basal ganglia
Parent, A., & Hazrati, L. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90135-9 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (nuclei A8, A9, and A10): Three‐dimensional reconstruction in the rat
German, D. C., & Manaye, K. F. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903310302 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Cortical Regulation of Subcortical Dopamine Release: Mediation via the Ventral Tegmental Area
Taber, M. T., Das, S., & Fibiger, H. C. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65031407.x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Monoamine distribution in primate brain. V. Monoaminergic nuclei: Anatomy, pathways, and local organization
Felten, D. L., & Sladek, J. R. (1982) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(82)90138-1 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Organization of striatopallidal, striatonigral, and nigrostriatal projections in the macaque
Hedreen, J. C., & Delong, M. R. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903040406 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms for the functional coupling of autonomic, endocrine and somatomotor responses in adaptive behavior
Swanson, L. W., & Mogenson, G. J. (1981) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(81)90010-2 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Ultrastructural Localization of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons: Potential Sites for Somatodendritic Storage and Release of Dopamine
Nirenberg, M. J., Chan, J., Liu, Y., Edwards, R. H., & Pickel, V. M. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-13-04135.1996 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Biochemical evidence for γ-aminobutyrate containing fibres from the nucleus accumbens to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat
Walaas, I., & Fonnum, F. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90071-8 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The subcortical afferents to caudate nucleus and putamen in primate: A fluorescence retrograde double labeling study
Parent, A., Mackey, A., & Bellefeuille, L. D. (1983) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90104-5 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The organization of midbrain projections to the striatum in the primate: sensorimotor-related striatum versus ventral striatum
Lynd-Balta, E., & Haber, S. N. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90182-1 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Role of the subthalamic nucleus in the regulation of nigral dopamine neuron activity
Smith, I. D., & Grace, A. A. (1992) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890120406 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Ipsilateral cortical connections of primary somatic sensory cortex in rats
Fabri, M., & Burton, H. (1991) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903110310 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Compartmental distribution of ventral striatal neurons projecting to the mesencephalon in the rat
Berendse, H. W., Groenewegen, H. J., & Lohman, A. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-06-02079.1992 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Shell and Core Territories of the Nucleus Accumbens in the Rat
Jongen‐Rêlo, A. L., Voorn, P., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1994) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00315.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Any way you cut it: A new journal policy for the use of unbiased counting methods
Saper, C. B. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960101)364:1 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
New frontiers in basal ganglia research
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S., & Selemon, L. D. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90103-h · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Synaptic inputs to GABAA and GABAB receptors originate from discrete afferent neurons
Sugita, S., Johnson, S. W., & North, R. A. (1992) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(92)90518-c · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Rat medial frontal cortex: a visceral motor region with a direct projection to the solitary nucleus
Terreberry, R. R., & Neafsey, E. J. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90246-9 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
The topographical organization of neurons in the rat medial frontal, insular and olfactory cortex projecting to the solitary nucleus, olfactory bulb, periaqueductal gray and superior colliculus
Neafsey, E. J., Hurley-Gius, K. M., & Arvanitis, D. L. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90867-x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Human brainstem catecholamine neuronal anatomy as indicated by immunocytochemistry with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase
Pearson, J., Goldstein, M., MARKEY, K., & Brandeis, L. (1983) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90023-4 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1996) · PubMed · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat—II. Compartmentation of ventral pallidal efferents
Zahm, D. S. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90351-5 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The output neurones and the dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra receive a GABA‐Containing input from the globus pallidus in the rat
Smith, Y., & Bolam, J. P. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902960105 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Telencephalic Projections of the A8 Dopamine Cell Group
Deutch, A. Y., Goldstein, M., Baldino, F., & Roth, R. H. (1988) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb42095.x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Anterior striatal projections to the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra in the rat: The GABA connection
Nagy, J. I., Carter, D. A., & Fibiger, H. C. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90003-3 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Monosynaptic input from the nucleus accumbens-ventral striatum region to retrogradely labelled nigrostriatal neurones
Somogyi, P., Bolam, J. P., Totterdell, S., & Smith, A. D. (1981) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90002-0 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Anatomy and Physiology of the Subthalamic Nucleus: A Driving Force of the Basal Ganglia
Kitai, S. T., & Kita, H. (1987) · Advances in behavioral biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5347-8_25 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Dopaminergic innervation of the basal ganglia in the squirrel monkey as revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry
Lavoie, B. A., Smith, Y., & Parent, A. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902890104 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Atlas of the neurons that express mRNA for the long form of the prolactin receptor in the forebrain of the female rat
Bakowska, J. C., & Morrell, J. I. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970922)386:2 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Neurons of the substantia nigra reticulata receive a dense GABA-containing input from the globus pallidus in the rat
Smith, Y., & Bolam, J. P. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91011-1 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Dopaminergic dendrites in the pars reticulata of the rat substantia nigra and their striatal input. combined immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and anterograde degeneration
Wassef, M., Bérod, A., & Sotelo, C. (1981) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(81)90003-8 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Single subthalamic nucleus neurons project to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in rat
van der Kooy, D., & Hattori, T. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901920409 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Chapter 1 The cellular framework for chemical signalling in the nucleus accumbens
Meredith, G. E., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Groenewegen, H. J. (1993) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61335-7 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Subsets of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys are distinguished by different levels of mRNA for the dopamine transporter: Comparison with the mRNA for the D2 receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin immunoreactivity
Haber, S. N., Ryoo, H., Cox, C., & Lu, W. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903620308 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Functional subdivisions of the rat somatic sensorimotor cortex
Barth, T. M., Jones, T. A., & Schallert, T. J. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90122-u · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The organization of the descending ventral pallidal projections in the monkey
Haber, S., Lynd-Balta, E., & Mitchell, S. (1993) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903290108 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The lamellar organization of the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata: Segregated patterns of striatal afferents and relationship to the topography of corticostriatal projections
Deniau, J., Menetrey, A., & Charpier, S. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00088-7 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Topographic organization in the corticocortical connections of medial agranular cortex in rats
Reep, R. L., Goodwin, G. S., & Corwin, J. V. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902940210 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Chapter 11 Neural mechanisms underlying corticospinal and rubrospinal control of limb movements
Cheney, P. D., Fetz, E. E., & Mewes, K. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63054-x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
A brainstem atlas of catecholaminergic neurons in man, using melanin as a natural marker
Bogerts, B. (1981) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901970106 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The organization of midbrain projections to the ventral striatum in the primate
Lynd‐Balta, E., & Haber, S. N. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90181-3 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Neurochemically Specified Subsystems in the Basal Ganglia
Graybiel, A. M. (1984) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470720882.ch7 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cellular Models of Reinforcement
Wickens, J. R., & Kötter, R. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.003.0017 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
A Comparison of Axonal and Somatodendritic Dopamine Release Using In Vivo Dialysis
Kalivas, P. W., & Duffy, P. (1991) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02015.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Dopaminergic neurons expressing calbindin in normal and parkinsonian monkeys
Lavoie, B. A., & Parent, A. (1991) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199110000-00012 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Primate striatonigral projections: A comparison of the sensorimotor‐related striatum and the ventral striatum
Lynd‐Balta, E., & Haber, S. N. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903450407 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Organization of efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the squirrel monkey as revealed by retrograde labeling methods
Parent, A., & Smith, Y. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91674-x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Midbrain dopamine system electrophysiological functioning: A review and new hypothesis
Bunney, B. S., Chiodo, L. A., & Grace, A. A. (1991) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890090202 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Dopamine Modulation of the Effects of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
Waszcak, B. L., & Walters, J. R. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6828891 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Convergence of synaptic inputs from the striatum and the globus pallidus onto identified nigrocollicular cells in the rat: A double anterograde labelling study
Smith, Y., & Bolam, J. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90250-r · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Dopamine receptor interactions: some implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Robertson, H. A. (1992) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90034-6 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Reward-related Signals Carried by Dopamine Neurons
Schultz, W., Romo, R., Ljungberg, T., Mirenowicz, J., Hollerman, J. R., & Dickinson, A. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.003.0019 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Melanin, tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin and substance P in the human midbrain and substantia nigra in relation to nigrostriatal projections and differential neuronal susceptibility in Parkinson's disease
Gibb, W. R. G. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90719-p · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Functional Roles of Dopamine D2and D3Autoreceptors on Nigrostriatal Neurons Analyzed by Antisense KnockdownIn Vivo
Tepper, J. M., Sun, B.-C., Martin, L. P., & Creese, I. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-07-02519.1997 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Decrease of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and pallidum of parkinsonian brains
Mauborgne, A., Javoy‐Agid, F., Legrand, J. C., et al. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90403-1 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Comparative anatomy of the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat, cat, monkey and human
Halliday, G. M., & Törk, I. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902520402 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine in motor activation and reward-mediated learning: steps towards a unifying model
Wickens, J. R. (1990) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01245020 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Differences in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity characterize the mesostriatal innervation of striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix at maturity.
Graybiel, A. M., Hirsch, É. C., & Agid, Y. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.303 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Biochemistry of Somatodendritic Dopamine Release in Substantia Nigra: An In Vivo Comparison with Striatal Dopamine Release
Heeringa, M. J., & Abercrombie, E. D. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010192.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Characterization of dopamine release in the substantia nigra by in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats
Robertson, G. S., Damsma, G., & Fibiger, H. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-07-02209.1991 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Organization of the ascending striatal afferents in monkeys
Szabo, J. (1980) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901890207 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Evidence for interconnections between the two segments of the globus pallidus in primates: a PHA-L anterograde tracing study
Hazrati, L., Parent, A., Mitchell, S., & Haber, S. N. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91813-v · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The medial frontal cortex and gastric motility: Microstimulation results and their possible significance for the overall pattern of organization of rat frontal and parietal cortex
Hurley-Gius, K. M., & Neafsey, E. J. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91635-5 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Specific A10 Dopaminergic Nuclei in the Midbrain Degenerate in Parkinson's Disease
McRitchie, D. A., Cartwright, H., & Halliday, G. M. (1997) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6418 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Damage to dopamine systems differs between parkinson's disease and alzheimer's disease with parkinsonism
Murray, A. M., Weihmueller, F. B., Marshall, J. F., Hurtig, H. I., Gottleib, G. L., & Joyce, J. N. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410370306 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Distinct nigrostriatal projection systems innervate striosomes and matrix in the primate striatum
Langer, L. F., & Graybiel, A. M. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91114-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Subdivisional involvement of nigrostriatal loop in idiopathic parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration
Goto, S., Hirano, A., & Matsumoto, S. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260613 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Dopamine depletion in a striatal subregion disrupts performance of a skilled motor task in the rat
Sabol, K. E., Neill, D. B., Wages, S. A., Church, W. H., & Justice, J. B. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90273-2 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Organization of the ascending projections from the ventral tegmental area: A multiple fluorescent retrograde tracer study in the rat
Albanese, A., & Minciacchi, D. (1983) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902160406 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Age‐related and regional differences in dopamine transporter mRNA expression in human midbrain
Bannon, M. J., & Whitty, C. W. M. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.4.969 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Topographic intermingling of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons in the rhesus monkey
Selemon, L. D., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902970304 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Biological substrates of schizophrenia
Kovelman, J. A., & Scheibel, A. B. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03237.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Calcium-binding proteins in primate basal ganglia
Parent, A., Fortin, M., Côté, P., & Cicchetti, F. (1996) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/0168-0102(96)01065-6 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Evidence for a multi‐compartmental histochemical organization of the nucleus accumbens in the rat
Jongen‐Rêlo, A. L., Groenewegen, H. J., & Voorn, P. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903370207 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Topography of substantia nigra innervation by D1 receptor-containing striatal neurons
Altar, C. A., & Hauser, K. L. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(87)80014-8 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chapter 25 Animal models for human PFC-related disorders
Kolb, B. E. (1991) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62697-7 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques
François, C., Percheron, G., & Yelnik, J. (1984) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90259-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of midbrain dopaminergic neuronal populations: From mouse to man
German, D. C., Schlusselberg, D. S., & Woodward, D. J. (1983) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01248996 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The pallidointralaminar and pallidonigral projections in primate as studied by retrograde double-labeling method
Parent, A., & Bellefeuille, L. D. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90222-6 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Subthalamic nucleus modulates burst firing of nigral dopamine neurones via NMDA receptors
Chergui, K., Akaoka, H., Charléty, P. J., Saunier, C. F., Buda, M., & Chouvet, G. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199406020-00006 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Context-dependent Activity in Primate Striatum Reflecting Past and Future Behavioral Events
Schultz, W., Apicella, P., Romo, R., & Scarnati, E. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.003.0005 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Role of the Striatum in the Mental Chronometry of Action: A Theoretical Review
Robbins, T. W., & Brown, V. J. (1990) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1990.2.4.181 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Premotor cortex in the rat.
Passingham, R. E., Myers, C., Rawlins, N., Lightfoot, V., & al, E. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.102.1.101 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
CORRESPONDENCE OF MELANIN-PIGMENTED NEURONS IN HUMAN BRAIN WITH A1–A14 CATECHOLAMINE CELL ROUPS
SAPER, C. B., & PETITO, C. K. (1982) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/105.1.87 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Stable parkinsonian syndrome and uneven loss of striatal dopamine fibres following chronic MPTP administration in baboons
Hantraye, P., Varastet, M., Peschanski, M., RICHE, D., Césaro, P., Jc, W., & Mazière, M. (1993) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90295-q · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Effect of reserpine-induced depletion of synaptic dopamine on [11C]Raclopride binding to D2-dopamine receptors in the monkey brain
Ginovart, N., Farde, L., Halldin, C., & Swahn, C. (1997) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199704)25:4 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation
Yin, H. H., & Knowlton, B. J. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1919 · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control: Corticostriatal Determinants of Goal-Directed and Habitual Action
Balleine, B. W., & O'Doherty, J. P. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.131 · Cited by 1,775 · see citing works
The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioning
Yin, H. H., Ostlund, S. B., Knowlton, B. J., & Balleine, B. W. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04218.x · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Goals and Habits in the Brain
Dolan, R. J., & Dayan, P. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.007 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning and motor control
Doya, K. (2000) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00153-7 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons form widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizations in the neostriatum
Matsuda, W., Furuta, T., Nakamura, K. C., Hioki, H., Fujiyama, F., Arai, R., & Kaneko, T. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4029-08.2009 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Schizophrenia, dopamine and the striatum: From biology to symptoms
McCutcheon, R. A., Abi-Dargham, A., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.12.004 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards
Roesch, M. R., Calu, D. J., & Schoenbaum, G. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2013 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Increased Synaptic Dopamine Function in Associative Regions of the Striatum in Schizophrenia
Kegeles, L. S., Abi-Dargham, A., Frankle, W. G., Gil, R., Cooper, T. B., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Haber, S. N., & Laruelle, M. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Imaging Human Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission with Positron Emission Tomography. Part II: Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Functional Subdivisions of the Striatum
Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Mawlawi, O., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Cooper, T., Kegeles, L., Zarahn, E., Abi-Dargham, A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000048520.34839.1a · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Neurotransmitter roles in synaptic modulation, plasticity and learning in the dorsal striatum
Lovinger, D. M. (2010) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.01.008 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Actor–critic models of the basal ganglia: new anatomical and computational perspectives
Joel, D., Niv, Y., & Ruppin, E. (2002) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(02)00047-3 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Self-citation
A mechanistic account of striatal dopamine function in human cognition: Psychopharmacological studies with cabergoline and haloperidol.
Frank, M. J., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2006) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.497 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
A Guide to Neurotoxic Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease
Tieu, K. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009316 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Opponency revisited: competition and cooperation between dopamine and serotonin
Boureau, Y.-L., & Dayan, P. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.151 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Reward-guided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus accumbens: the integrative functions of cortico-basal ganglia networks
Yin, H. H., Ostlund, S. B., & Balleine, B. W. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06422.x · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Dopamine in Schizophrenia
Guillin, O., Abi‐Dargham, A., & Laruelle, M. (2007) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(06)78001-1 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Properties and opioid inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine neurons vary according to target location
Ford, C. P., Mark, G. P., & Williams, J. T. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4331-05.2006 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Cocaine Dependence and D2 Receptor Availability in the Functional Subdivisions of the Striatum: Relationship with Cocaine-Seeking Behavior
Martinez, D., Broft, A., Foltin, R. W., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Perez, A., Frankel, W. G., Cooper, T., Kleber, H. D., et al. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300420 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
From ventral-medial to dorsal-lateral striatum: neural correlates of reward-guided decision-making
Burton, A. C., Nakamura, K., & Roesch, M. R. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.003 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Separate neural substrates for skill learning and performance in the ventral and dorsal striatum
Atallah, H. E., Lopez-Paniagua, D., Rudy, J. W., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1817 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality
Schnider, A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1179 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Functional imaging of the human dopaminergic midbrain
Düzel, E., Bunzeck, N., Guitart-Masip, M., Wittmann, B., Schott, B. H., & Tobler, P. N. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.02.005 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: Making sense of it all
Toda, M., & Abi-Dargham, A. (2007) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-007-0041-7 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Testing computational models of dopamine and noradrenaline dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Frank, M. J., Santamaria, A., O'Reilly, R. C., & Willcutt, E. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301278 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Midbrain dopamine function in schizophrenia and depression: A post-mortem and positron emission tomographic imaging study
Howes, O. D., Williams, M., Ibrahim, K., Leung, G., Egerton, A., McGuire, P. K., & Turkheimer, F. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt264 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Adaptation to potential threat: the evolution, neurobiology, and psychopathology of the security motivation system
Woody, E. Z., & Szechtman, H. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.003 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens of animals self-administering drugs of abuse
Willuhn, I., Wanat, M. J., Clark, J. J., & Phillips, P. E. M. (2010) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2009_27 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Still at the Choice‐Point: Action Selection and Initiation in Instrumental Conditioning
BALLEINE, B. W., & OSTLUND, S. B. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1390.006 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Context, emotion, and the strategic pursuit of goals: interactions among multiple brain systems controlling motivated behavior
Gruber, A. J., & McDonald, R. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00050 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Neural basis of psychosis-related behaviour in the infection model of schizophrenia
Meyer, U., & Feldon, J. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.022 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The nucleus accumbens and reward: neurophysiological investigations in behaving animals
Carelli, R. M. (2002) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582302238338 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Habitual versus goal-directed action control in Parkinson disease
de Wit, S., Barker, R. A., Dickinson, A. D., & Cools, R. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21514 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A positron emission tomography study of nigro-striatal dopaminergic mechanisms underlying attention: implications for ADHD and its treatment
del Campo, N., Fryer, T. D., Hong, Y. T., Smith, R., Brichard, L., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Chamberlain, S. R., Tait, R., Izquierdo, D., Regenthal, R., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt263 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Role of Protein Synthesis in Striatal Long-Term Depression
Yin, H. H., Davis, M. I., Ronesi, J. A., & Lovinger, D. M. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3196-06.2006 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved expression of SLITRK1 in brain circuits implicated in Tourette syndrome
Stillman, A. A., Krsnik, Ž., Sun, J., Rašin, M., State, M. W., šestan, N., & Louvi, A. (2009) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21919 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Goal-directed control and its antipodes
Dayan, P. (2009) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.004 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors
Wood, J., & Ahmari, S. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00171 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Subsets of substantia nigra and VTA dopamine neurons project to striatal subregions more dorsal to the striatal subregions they receive projections from Haber et al. (2000); Joel and Weiner (2000).”
Background
High-frequency stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core and shell reduces quinpirole-induced compulsive checking in rats
Mundt, A., Klein, J., Joel, D., Heinz, A., Djodari‐Irani, A., Harnack, D., Kupsch, A., Orawa, H., Juckel, G., Morgenstern, R., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06777.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Independent neural coding of reward and movement by pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus neurons in freely navigating rats: Reward and movement codes of PPTg neurons
Norton, A. B. W., Jo, Y. S., Clark, E. W., Taylor, C. A., & Mizumori, S. J. Y. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07649.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Nicotinic alteration of decision-making
Naudé, J., Dongelmans, M., & Faure, P. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.021 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Expectancy, ambiguity, and behavioral flexibility: separable and complementary roles of the orbital frontal cortex and amygdala in processing reward expectancies
Pauli, W. M., Hazy, T. E., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00155 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nigral stress-induced dopamine release in clinical high risk and antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia
Tseng, H.-H., Watts, J. J., Kiang, M., Suridjan, I., Wilson, A. A., Houle, S., Rusjan, P. M., & Mizrahi, R. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx042 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
Düzel, E., Guitart-Masip, M., Maass, A., Hämmerer, D., Betts, M. J., Speck, O., Weiskopf, N., & Kanowski, M. (2015) · Biological Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_20 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Adjusting Behavior to Context: Striatal Network Functions in Learning and Memory
Graybiel, A. M., & Blázquez, P. M. (2002) · Advances in behavioral biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3538-3_86 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trophic Effects of Striatal Proteins on Central Dopaminergic Neurons in Culture
Valdes, H. B., Nonner, D., Rulli, D., Gralnik, L. M., & Barrett, J. N. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0759-4_20 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
New dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease striatum
Porritt, M. J., Batchelor, P., Hughes, A. J., Kalnins, R. M., Donnan, G. A., & Howells, D. W. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02437-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Intrinsic circuits of the striatum
Benarroch, E. E. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002599 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Age-Dependent Changes in the Mechanisms Regulating Dopamine Uptake in the Central Nervous System
Missale, C., Govoni, S., Pasinetti, G., et al. (1986) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/41.2.136 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Authors: Joel, D., & Weiner, I.
Affiliations: Tel Aviv University (IL)
Corresponding author: Joel, D
ORCID: Joel, D
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-03
Volume: 96
Issue: 3
Pages: 451-474
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00575-8
OpenAlex: W1967784117
Cited by: 614
References: 300
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 3.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: dopaminergic system, striatum, basal ganglia, limbic striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, rats, primates, comparative neuroanatomy
MeSH terms: Animals, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Humans, Neural Pathways, Primates, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The connections of the dopaminergic system with the striatum in rats and primates: an analysis with respect to the functional and compartmental organization of the striatum

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks