Two period Homologs: Circadian Expression and Photic Regulation in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
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We have characterized a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila period gene and designated it Per2. The PER2 protein shows >40% amino acid identity to the protein of another mammalian per homolog (designated Per1) that was recently cloned and characterized. Both PER1 and PER2 proteins share several regions of homology with the Drosophila PER protein, including the protein dimerization PAS domain. Phylogenetic analysis supports the existence of a family of mammalian per genes. In the mouse, Per1 and Per2 RNA levels exhibit circadian rhythms in the SCN and eyes, sites of circadian clocks. Both Per1 and Per2 RNAs in the SCN are increased by light exposure during subjective night but not during subjective day. The results advance our knowledge of candidate clock elements in mammals.
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Light exposure during the night phase shifts the clock transcription-translation cycle by rapidly inducing expression of Per1 or Per2, depending on whether the light occurs during the early or late night.
“Light exposure during the night phase shifts the clock transcription-translations cycle by rapidly inducing expression of Per1 or Per2, depending on whether the light occurs during the early or late night42–44.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Shearman, L. P., Zylka, M. J., Weaver, D. R., Kolakowski, L. F., & Reppert, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reppert, Steven M.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1261-1269
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2048466060
- Cited by
- 781
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 14.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (4r37hd014427-17, 5f31mh011547-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH11547)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R 37 HD14427)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Keywords
- period gene, Per2, Per1, circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian gene expression, PAS domain, phylogenetic analysis, clock genes, light exposure, subjective night
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Drosophila, Gene Expression Regulation, Multigene Family, Humans, Light, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins, Phylogeny, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Transcription Factors, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA, Complementary, Cell Cycle Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Mice, Period Circadian Proteins
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