Cited by 738Circadian rhythm and melatoninLight effects on plantsSleep and Wakefulness Research

Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock

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Buhr, Ethan D., Takahashi, Joseph S.·2013·Handbook of experimental pharmacology

Abstract

Mammals synchronize their circadian activity primarily to the cycles of light and darkness in the environment. This is achieved by ocular photoreception relaying signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Signals from the SCN cause the synchronization of independent circadian clocks throughout the body to appropriate phases. Signals that can entrain these peripheral clocks include humoral signals, metabolic factors, and body temperature. At the level of individual tissues, thousands of genes are brought to unique phases through the actions of a local transcription/translation-based feedback oscillator and systemic cues. In this molecular clock, the proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 cause the transcription of genes which ultimately feedback and inhibit CLOCK and BMAL1 transcriptional activity. Finally, there are also other molecular circadian oscillators which can act independently of the transcription-based clock in all species which have been tested.

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  • The timing of meals serves as a behavioral zeitgeber that can entrain peripheral clocks.

    “The timing of meals serves as a behavioral zeitgeber that can entrain peripheral clocks (51).”

    From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [51]

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Authors
Buhr, E. D., & Takahashi, J. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Takahashi, Joseph S.
Venue
Handbook of experimental pharmacology
Published
2013
Issue
217
Pages
3-27
ISSN
  • 0171-2004 (ISSN-L)
  • 1865-0325
OpenAlex
W1593547141
Cited by
738
References
185
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 2
FWCI
34.21
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Handbook of experimental pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, photoreception, peripheral circadian clock, clock proteins, Bmal1, light entrainment, body temperature, molecular oscillators
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Temperature, Transcription, Genetic, CLOCK Proteins, ARNTL Transcription Factors, Circadian Clocks

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