CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 153Behavioral Health and InterventionsDecision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsBehavioral and Psychological Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2,112 of the 2,130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 10 are not checked yet.

Changing Behavior Using the Model of Action Phases

Keller, Lucas, Gollwitzer, Peter M., Sheeran, Paschal·2020·The Handbook of Behavior Change
DOI 10.1017/9781108677318.006
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The model of action phases makes a distinction between motivational (goal setting) and volitional (goal implementation) phases of goal pursuit. The model implies that changing the behavior of individuals who are in a pre-decisional action phase (i.e., have not crossed the “Rubicon” yet with respect to turning their many wishes into binding goals) needs a different approach than changing the behavior of people who are in a post-decisional phase (i.e., have crossed the Rubicon and need to implement their goals). The model is, therefore, also known as the “Rubicon” model. What exactly needs to be targeted to achieve behavior change in pre-decisional versus post-decisional individuals is addressed in the mindset theory of action phases , which explicates the Rubicon model in terms of the relevant psychological processes. It is argued that solving the tasks people face while still being pre-decisional requires different modes of thought (i.e., mindsets conceived of as a distinct assembly of activated cognitive procedures) than solving the tasks people face in post-decisional phases. These distinct features of pre-decisional (deliberative) versus post-decisional (implemental) mindsets as specified in the model need to be considered when trying to instigate behavior change. Furthermore, research on the implemental mindset has led to the discovery of a powerful self-regulation strategy promoting goal striving: the formation of implementation intentions. The chapter also outlines psychological mechanisms that underpin the facilitating effects of implementation intentions on behavior change and, when forming implementation intentions, are expected to help people to reach their goals.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/9781108677318.006

Cites

2112 of 2122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Items 1,001–1,200 of 2,122

Flagged first, then by citations

8 of the 2130 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 613

  1. Gollwitzer, 1990, The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, 2, 53
  2. Heckhausen, 1987, Jenseits des Rubikon: Der Wille in den Humanwissenschaften [Beyond the Rubicon: The Will in the Humanities]
  3. Hofmann, 2017, The Routledge Handbook of Media Use and Well-Being: International Perspectives on Theory and Research on Positive Media Effects, 211
  4. Business News Daily (2019). 6 tips for writing an effective performance review. Business News Daily. www.businessnewsdaily.com/5760-write-good-performance-review.html
  5. Luszczynska, 2015, Predicting Health Behaviours, 225
  6. Miller, 2012, Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change
  7. Kruglanski, 2002, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 331
  8. 10.1007/bf00992338 · DOI
  9. Leventhal, 1970, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 119
  10. Schwarzer, 1992, Self-Efficacy: Thought Control of Action, 217
  11. 10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Fox-Rushby, 2005, Economic Evaluation
  13. Gollwitzer, 1990, Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, 2, 53
  14. 10.31234/osf.io/49djm · DOI
  15. 2013, Health Behaviors of Adults: United States, 2008–2010
  16. Dean, 2013, Making Habits, Breaking Habits
  17. van de Rijt-Plooij, 1996, Hordenlopen: Een preventieve oudercursus voor de eerste anderhalf jaar [Hurdling: A Preventive Parent Course for the First Year and a Half]
  18. Bandura, 1997, Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
  19. Forssell, 2008, Management and Leadership: Insight for Effective Practice
  20. Turner, 1991, Social Influence
  21. Thaler, 2008, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
  22. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · DOI · Paper page
  23. Marteau, 2015, Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights, 105
  24. 10.1080/14792779343000059 · DOI
  25. 2004, A Guide for Population-Based Approaches to Increasing Levels of Physical Activity: Implementation of the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
  26. 10.1007/bf00992338 · DOI
  27. 10.1093/pubmed/fdt080 · DOI
  28. Johnson, 2019, The Handbook of Attitudes, 1, 625
  29. 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.030 · DOI
  30. 10.1111/bjhp.12203 · DOI
  31. Perloff, 2015, Microeconomics
  32. Gollwitzer, 2006, Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 69, 10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · DOI · Paper page
  33. O’Keefe, 2013, The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion: Developments in Theory and Practice, 137
  34. 10.1016/s0140-1971(03)00036-8 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1007/bf00992338 · DOI
  36. Fazio, 1990, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 75
  37. 10.1177/0146167214539707 · DOI
  38. Powers, 2005, Behavior: The Control of Perception
  39. Lewin, 1947, Readings on Social Psychology, 73
  40. Prochaska, 1994, Changing for Good
  41. Pajares, 2001, Perception, 239
  42. Thaler, 2008, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness
  43. 10.1037/a0013460 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Corlett, 2019, The Handbook of Attitudes, 1, 480
  45. Powers, 2008, Living Control Systems III: The Fact of Control
  46. Bandura, 1997, Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
  47. Gollwitzer, 1990, The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, 2, 53
  48. 10.1177/1088868311418749 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Leventhal, 1980, Medical Psychology, 2, 7
  50. 10.1348/135910708x397034 · DOI
  51. Thaler, 2008, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness
  52. Wyer, 2005, Handbook of Attitudes, 273
  53. 10.1521/soco.2009.27.2.183 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 2004, Using Logic Models to Bring Together Planning, Evaluation, and Action: Logic Model Development Guide
  55. Schwarzer, 2008, Modeling health behaviour change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 1
  56. Schwarzer, 2008, Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 1
  57. Kiviniemi, 2018, Affective Determinants of Health-Related Behavior, 185
  58. 10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
  59. 2007, Greater than the Sum: Systems Thinking in Tobacco Control
  60. Heckhausen, 1987, Jenseits des Rubikon: Der Wille in den Humanwissenschaften [Beyond the Rubicon: The Will in the Humanities]
  61. Doran, 1981, There’s a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management’s goals and objectives, Management Review, 70, 35
  62. Day, 2018, Affective Determinants of Health- Related Behavior, 357
  63. 10.1080/17437199.2019.1594332 · DOI · Paper page
  64. 10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.26 · DOI · Paper page
  65. 10.1080/10463283.2012.718134 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Bandura, 1997, Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
  67. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  68. 10.1038/s41562-019-0798-9 · DOI
  69. Powers, 1973, Behavior: The Control of Perception
  70. 10.1080/08870446.2010.540664 · DOI · Paper page
  71. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Michie, 2014, The Behavior Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions
  73. 10.1080/17437199.2014.941722 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Michie, 2015, Predicting and Changing Health Behaviour: Research and Practice With Social Cognition Models, 358
  75. 10.1037/ccp0000387 · DOI · Paper page
  76. 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.001 · DOI · Paper page
  77. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Bartholomew Eldredge, 2016, Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach
  79. Gray, 2011, Applied Methods of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Healthcare
  80. Frijda, 2008, Handbook of Emotions, 68
  81. Thaler, 2008, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness
  82. 10.1007/s12160-013-9503-9 · DOI
  83. 10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.946 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Bandura, 1971, The Nature of Reinforcement, 228
  85. Gollwitzer, 2006, Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 69, 10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · DOI · Paper page
  86. 10.1080/17437199.2011.603640 · DOI · Paper page
  87. Conner, 2015, Predicting and Changing Health Behaviour: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models, 1
  88. Fishbein, 2010, Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach
  89. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  90. 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.106 · DOI
  91. Skinner, 1938, The Behavior of Organisms
  92. 2016, Strategic Plan 2017–2021: Healthier Lives through Behavioral and Social Sciences
  93. Reese, 2018, Affective Determinants of Health-Related Behavior, 313
  94. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.007 · DOI
  95. 10.1111/bjhp.12260 · DOI
  96. 10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
  97. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Baumgartner, 2010, Agendas and Instability in American Politics
  99. 10.1002/ejsp.730 · DOI · Paper page
  100. DiClemente, 2002, Treatment Matching in Alcoholism, 166
  101. Bartholomew Eldredge, 2016, Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach
  102. 10.1080/17437199.2014.941722 · DOI · Paper page
  103. Lewin, 1944, Personality and the Behavior Disorders, 333
  104. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.06.007 · DOI · Paper page
  105. 10.1177/0959354311429996 · DOI
  106. 10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322 · DOI · Paper page
  107. Kelder, 2015, Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice, 285
  108. Deterding, S. , Dixon, D. , & Khaled, R. (2011). From game design mechanics to gamefulness: Defining gamification. Paper presented at the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, Tampere, Finland, September 28–30.
  109. Bandura, 1986, Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive Theory
  110. Conner, 2018, Affective Determinants of Health-Related Behavior, 48
  111. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  112. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  113. Ajzen, 2011, Social Psychology for Program and Policy Evaluation
  114. 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249 · DOI · Paper page
  115. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  116. Riley, 2010, 2009 U.S. Video Game Industry and PC Game Software Retail Sales Reach $20.2 Billion
  117. 10.1080/17437199.2013.876238 · DOI · Paper page
  118. 10.1177/0959354311429996 · DOI
  119. 10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.767 · DOI
  120. 10.1177/1090198102251021 · DOI · Paper page
  121. Canetti, 2015, The Psychology of Change: Life Contexts, Experiences, and Identities, 77
  122. McLeroy, 1988, An ecological perspective on health promotion programs, Health Education and Behavior, 15, 351
  123. 10.1027/1864-9335/a000231 · DOI
  124. 10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · DOI · Paper page
  125. 10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390 · DOI · Paper page
  126. Schwarzer, 2008, Modeling health behaviour change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 1
  127. 10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.455 · DOI · Paper page
  128. Madden, 2014, Reconstructing Your Worldview
  129. Gollwitzer, 2006, Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 69, 10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · DOI · Paper page
  130. Baucom, 2010, Enhancing Couples: The Shape of Couple Therapy to Come, 78
  131. Hagger, 2009, Theoretical integration in health psychology: Unifying ideas and complimentary explanations, British Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 189, 10.1348/135910708x397034 · DOI
  132. 10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322 · DOI · Paper page
  133. Skinner, 1938, The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis
  134. 10.1371/journal.pone.0206294 · DOI
  135. 10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · DOI · Paper page
  136. Fishbein, 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior
  137. 2019, Delivering Better Policies Through Behavioural Insights: New Approaches
  138. 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00052 · DOI
  139. 2016, Consideration of the Evidence on Childhood Obesity for the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Science and Evidence for Ending Childhood Obesity
  140. 10.1080/17437199.2014.941722 · DOI · Paper page
  141. 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.856 · DOI · Paper page
  142. 10.1017/s1352465809005128 · DOI · Paper page
  143. Becker, 2009, A Treatise on the Family
  144. 10.1123/jsep.34.3.365 · DOI · Paper page
  145. Miller, 1999, Enhancing Motivation to Change in Substance Abuse Treatment, 35
  146. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  147. 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32865-4 · DOI · Paper page
  148. Berkman, 2018, Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory and Applications, 440
  149. 10.1037/a0033065 · DOI
  150. Triandis, 1977, Interpersonal Behavior
  151. 10.1080/08870446.2010.540664 · DOI · Paper page
  152. 10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
  153. 10.1177/0146167210362789 · DOI
  154. 10.1037/hea0000161 · DOI · Paper page
  155. 10.1177/109019810002700506 · DOI · Paper page
  156. Sallis, 2015, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice, 43
  157. 10.1037/hea0000625 · DOI
  158. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · DOI · Paper page
  159. 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42 · DOI · Paper page
  160. 10.1007/s12160-016-9816-6 · DOI · Paper page
  161. 10.1080/17437199.2014.941998 · DOI
  162. Ford, 1997, Discipline for Home and School
  163. Tajfel, 1986, Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 7
  164. 10.1037/a0027600 · DOI · Paper page
  165. 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.030 · DOI
  166. 10.1080/17437199.2013.848409 · DOI
  167. 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044007 · DOI
  168. 2010, National Partnership for Action to End Health Disparities: The National Plan for Action
  169. Conner, 2015, Predicting Health Behaviour: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models
  170. Bandura, 1986, Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive Theory
  171. Freire, 1968, Pedagogy of the Oppressed
  172. 2018, Evaluation in Health and Wellbeing
  173. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  174. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · DOI · Paper page
  175. McLeroy, 1988, An ecological perspective on health promotion programs, Health Education and Behavior, 15, 351
  176. Holt-Lunstad, 2015, Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice, 183
  177. 10.1521/978.14625/28806 · DOI · Paper page
  178. 10.1007/s12160-013-9486-6 · DOI · Paper page
  179. 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42 · DOI · Paper page
  180. 10.1037/a0018933 · DOI · Paper page
  181. 10.1037/hea0000337 · DOI
  182. Hofmann, 2010, Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 136, 390, 10.1037/a0018916 · DOI
  183. Smelser, 1998, Handbook of Sociology, 103
  184. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02823.x · DOI
  185. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · DOI · Paper page
  186. 2007, Behaviour Change: General Approaches
  187. 10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · DOI · Paper page
  188. Kruglanski, 2002, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 331
  189. 10.1177/1088868307301033 · DOI
  190. 10.1037/hea0000533 · DOI
  191. Thaler, 2008, Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
  192. Butterfoss, 2008, Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, 335
  193. Brownson, 2015, Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice, 544
  194. 10.1348/014466607x267010 · DOI · Paper page
  195. Bandura, 1986, Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive Theory
  196. Reeve, 2019, School Motivation Intervention: Sociocultural Influences
  197. 10.2196/jmir.1376 · DOI · Paper page
  198. 10.1177/109019818801500401 · DOI · Paper page
  199. 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249 · DOI · Paper page
  200. Ajzen, 1999, Dual-Process Theories in Social Psychology, 117

200 of 613 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 153

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Keller, L., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
ORCID
Venue
The Handbook of Behavior Change
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2020-07-23
Pages
77-88
DOI
10.1017/9781108677318.006
OpenAlex
W3040575936
Cited by
147
References
2,130
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6
FWCI
120.23
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords
Rubicon model, goal pursuit, deliberative mindset, implemental mindset, implementation intentions, self-regulation, behavior change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review