Determination of Perfluorocarboxylates in Groundwater Impacted by Fire-Fighting Activity

Moody, Cheryl A., Field, Jennifer A.·1999·Environmental Science & Technology

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Abstract

Perfluorinated surfactants are used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) formulations, which are used to extinguish hydrocarbon−fuel fires. Virtually nothing is known about the occurrence of perfluorinated surfactants in the environment, in particular, at fire-training areas and emergency response sites where AFFF entered groundwater without prior treatment. Strong anion exchange Empore disks were used to extract perfluorocarboxylates from groundwater collected from fire-training facilities located on Naval Air Station Fallon, NV, and Tyndall Air Force Base, FL. The carboxylates were simultaneously eluted from the disks and derivatized to their methyl esters for direct analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Perfluorocarboxylates containing six to eight carbons were detected in groundwater collected from the two field sites with total concentrations ranging from 125 to 7090 μg/L. The detection of perfluorocarboxylates at field sites after 7−10 years of inactivity indicates their potential utility as markers for delineating groundwater impacted by fire-fighting activity.

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Authors: Moody, C. A., & Field, J. A.
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 1999-07-03
Volume: 33
Issue: 16
Pages: 2800-2806
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/es981355+
OpenAlex: W1977155984
Cited by: 362
References: 0
FWCI: 2.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Determination of Perfluorocarboxylates in Groundwater Impacted by Fire-Fighting Activity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources