A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents

Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators

McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733

Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease

de Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1683 · Cited by 4,621

Oxidative Stress

Sies, H., Berndt, C., & Jones, D. P. (2017) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045037 · Cited by 3,520

Stress and disorders of the stress system

Chrousos, G. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.106 · Cited by 3,215

Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis

Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress

Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00429-4 · Cited by 2,822

The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation

Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579

Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: implications for the depressive disorders

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The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance11Published on the World Wide Web on 22 November 2000.

McEwen, B. S. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02950-4 · Cited by 1,827

Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology

McEwen, B. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00129-3 · Cited by 1,833

The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders

Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00035-9 · Cited by 1,688

Regulatory Flexibility: An Individual Differences Perspective on Coping and Emotion Regulation

Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613504116 · Cited by 1,676

Stress revisited: a critical evaluation of the stress concept

Koolhaas, J. M., Bartolomucci, A., Buwalda, B., de Boer, S. F., Flügge, G., Korte, S. M., Meerlo, P., Murison, R., Olivier, B., Palanza, P., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.003 · Cited by 1,626

The stressed hippocampus, synaptic plasticity and lost memories

Kim, J. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn849 · Cited by 1,543

Stress hormones: their interaction and regulation

Axelrod, J., & Reisine, T. D. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6143403 · Cited by 1,527

The stressed synapse: the impact of stress and glucocorticoids on glutamate transmission

Popoli, M., Yan, Z., McEwen, B. S., & Sanacora, G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3138 · Cited by 1,393

Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action

TURNBULL, A. V., & RIVIER, C. L. (1999) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.1 · Cited by 1,297

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Overtraining Syndrome: Joint Consensus Statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine

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A new view on hypocortisolism

Fries, E., Hesse, J., Hellhammer, J., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006 · Cited by 1,204

Neuroimmune Interactions: From the Brain to the Immune System and Vice Versa

Dantzer, R. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2016 · Cited by 1,073

How stress influences the immune response

Padgett, D. A., & Glaser, R. (2003) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00173-x · Cited by 1,059

A Role for Brain Stress Systems in Addiction

Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.012 · Cited by 1,056

The cognitive activation theory of stress.

Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. R. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00091-x · Cited by 1,004

Stress and Health: A Review of Psychobiological Processes

O'Connor, D. B., Thayer, J. F., & Vedhara, K. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-122331 · Cited by 948

Restricted and disrupted sleep: Effects on autonomic function, neuroendocrine stress systems and stress responsivity

Meerlo, P., Sgoifo, A., & Suchecki, D. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.007 · Cited by 948

Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping

Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20295 · Cited by 930

Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders

Pacák, K., & Palkovits, M. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.22.4.0436 · Cited by 926

Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese

Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031 · Cited by 887

Towards a model of stress and human performance

Sanders, A. F. (1983) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(83)90016-1 · Cited by 878

The role of adrenocorticoids as modulators of immune function in health and disease: neural, endocrine and immune interactions

McEwen, B. S., Biron, C. A., Brunson, K. W., Bulloch, K., Chambers, W. H., Dhabhar, F. S., Goldfarb, R. H., Kitson, R. P., Miller, A. H., Spencer, R. L., et al. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00012-4 · Cited by 837

Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts

Gee, G. C., & Payne-Sturges, D. C. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7074 · Cited by 821

Sex, stress and the hippocampus: allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process

MCEWEN, B. (2002) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00027-1 · Cited by 753

Fear and Fearfulness in Animals

Boissy, A. (1995) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/418981 · Cited by 747

Discriminating Stress From Cognitive Load Using a Wearable EDA Device

Setz, C., Arnrich, B., Schumm, J., La Marca, R., Troster, G., & Ehlert, U. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2009.2036164 · Cited by 742

Acute psychosocial stress: Does the emotional stress response correspond with physiological responses

Campbell, J., & Ehlert, U. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.010 · Cited by 683

Brain–Gut Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Bonaz, B. L., & Bernstein, C. N. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.003 · Cited by 667

Research and treatment approaches to depression

Wong, M.-L., & Licinio, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35072566 · Cited by 656

Corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, and stress

Koob, G. F. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00164-x · Cited by 629

Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review

Kim, E. J., Pellman, B., & Kim, J. J. (2015) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.037291.114 · Cited by 620

Stressed or Stressed out: What Is the Difference?

McEwen, B. S. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0540 · Cited by 593

Catecholaminergic systems in stress: structural and molecular genetic approaches

Kvetnansky, R., Sabban, E. L., & Palkovits, M. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2006 · Cited by 548

Pain and Stress in a Systems Perspective: Reciprocal Neural, Endocrine, and Immune Interactions

Chapman, C. R., Tuckett, R. P., & Song, C. W. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.006 · Cited by 541

The psychobiology of neglect

De Bellis, M. D. (2005) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559505275116 · Cited by 531

Stress-induced perinatal and transgenerational epigenetic programming of brain development and mental health

Babenko, O., Kovalchuk, I., & Metz, G. A. S. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.013 · Cited by 513

Stress, the Stress System and the Role of Glucocorticoids

Nicolaides, N. C., Kyratzi, E., Lamprokostopoulou, A., Chrousos, G. P., & Charmandari, E. (2015) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000362736 · Cited by 477

Exercise and the immune system: a model of the stress response?

Hoffman-Goetz, L., & Pedersen, B. K. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90177-5 · Cited by 481

Neuropeptide Y: a stressful review

Reichmann, F., & Holzer, P. (2016) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.09.008 · Cited by 490

Stress Hormone Regulation: Biological Role and Translation into Therapy

Holsboer, F., & Ising, M. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100321 · Cited by 473

Stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking: 20 years of progress

Mantsch, J. R., Baker, D. A., Funk, D., Lê, A. D., & Shaham, Y. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.142 · Cited by 438

Psychobiological allostasis: resistance, resilience and vulnerability

Karatsoreos, I. N., & McEwen, B. S. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.10.005 · Cited by 458

The hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system regulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis under stress: an old concept revisited

Engelmann, M., Landgraf, R., & Wotjak, C. T. (2004) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2004.09.001 · Cited by 450

The microbiome: stress, health and disease

Moloney, R. D., Desbonnet, L., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-013-9488-5 · Cited by 430

A stress response pathway regulates DNA damage through β2-adrenoreceptors and β-arrestin-1

Hara, M. R., Kovacs, J. J., Whalen, E. J., Rajagopal, S., Strachan, R. T., Grant, W., Towers, A. J., Williams, B., Lam, C. M., Xiao, K., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10368 · Cited by 420

Key role of CRF in the skin stress response system

Slominski, A. T., Zmijewski, M. A., Zbytek, B., Tobin, D. J., Theoharides, T. C., & Rivier, J. (2013) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1092 · Cited by 400

Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction

Koob, G. F. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.038 · Cited by 388

Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease

Schwartz, A. R., Gerin, W., Davidson, K. W., Pickering, T. G., Brosschot, J. F., Thayer, J. F., Christenfeld, N., & Linden, W. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000046075.79922.61 · Cited by 383

Neural circuits mediating stress

López, J. F., Akil, H., & Watson, S. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00266-8 · Cited by 373

Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: Preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake

MICZEK, K., YAP, J., & COVINGTONIII, H. (2008) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.07.006 · Cited by 338

Glucocorticoid actions on synapses, circuits, and behavior: Implications for the energetics of stress

Myers, B., McKlveen, J. M., & Herman, J. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.003 · Cited by 318

Hypothalamic CRH neurons orchestrate complex behaviours after stress

Füzesi, T., Daviu, N., Wamsteeker Cusulin, J. I., Bonin, R. P., & Bains, J. S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11937 · Cited by 316

Abuse-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain

Heim, C., Ehlert, U., Hanker, J. P., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199805000-00017 · Cited by 309

Stress and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-Based

Fioranelli, M., Bottaccioli, A. G., Bottaccioli, F., Bianchi, M., Rovesti, M., & Roccia, M. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02031 · Cited by 302

Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency

Marik, P. E. (2009) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-1149 · Cited by 299

Role of Stress in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Mönnikes, H., Tebbe, J. J., Hildebrandt, M., Arck, P., Osmanoglou, E., Rose, M., Klapp, B., Wiedenmann, B., & Heymann-Mönnikes, I. (2001) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000050681 · Cited by 298

Serotonin, the periaqueductal gray and panic

Graeff, F. G. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.12.004 · Cited by 285

Hidden wounds? inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology

Danese, A., & Baldwin, J. R. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044208 · Cited by 286

Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Stress Related Systems in Rats

Moncek, F., Duncko, R., Johansson, B. B., & Jezova, D. (2004) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01173.x · Cited by 282

Chronic Stress Causes Amygdala Hyperexcitability in Rodents

Rosenkranz, J. A., Venheim, E. R., & Padival, M. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.008 · Cited by 284

On the history of oxidative stress: Concept and some aspects of current development

Sies, H. (2018) · Current Opinion in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.cotox.2018.01.002 · Cited by 285

Mechanisms of rapid glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Tasker, J. G., & Herman, J. P. (2011) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2011.586446 · Cited by 277

Norepinephrine, the β-Adrenergic Receptor, and Immunity

Sanders, V. M., & Straub, R. H. (2002) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.2001.0639 · Cited by 272

Validierung des “Perceived Stress Questionnaire“ (PSQ) an einer deutschen Stichprobe

Fliege, H., Rose, M., Arck, P., Levenstein, S., & Klapp, B. F. (2001) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026//0012-1924.47.3.142 · Cited by 272

Ventral tegmental area dopamine revisited: effects of acute and repeated stress

Holly, E. N., & Miczek, K. A. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4151-3 · Cited by 265

Animal performance and stress: responses and tolerance limits at different levels of biological organisation

Kassahn, K. S., Crozier, R. H., Pörtner, H. O., & Caley, M. J. (2009) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00073.x · Cited by 263

Stress, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, and aggression.

Mbiydzenyuy, N. E., & Qulu, L.-A. (2024) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-024-01393-w · Cited by 255

Sleep restriction alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress

Meerlo, P., Koehl, M., Van Der Borght, K., & Turek, F. W. (2002) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.0007-1331.2002.00790.x · Cited by 250

Stressing Academe: The Wear and Tear of the New Public Management

Chandler, J., Barry, J., & Clark, H. (2002) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726702055009019 · Cited by 251

Generalized unsafety theory of stress: unsafe environments and conditions, and the default stress response

Brosschot, J., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15030464 · Cited by 244

Cortisol as a marker for improvement in mindfulness-based stress reduction

Matousek, R. H., Dobkin, P. L., & Pruessner, J. (2010) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.06.004 · Cited by 233

The pattern of brain c-fos mRNA induced by a component of fox odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-Trimethylthiazoline (TMT), in rats, suggests both systemic and processive stress characteristics

Day, H. E. W., Masini, C. V., & Campeau, S. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.079 · Cited by 226

Tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen mediate stress-induced decline of neuronal and cognitive functions in the mouse hippocampus

Pawlak, R., Rao, B. S. S., Melchor, J. P., Chattarji, S., McEwen, B., & Strickland, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509232102 · Cited by 223

An Efficient Chronic Unpredictable Stress Protocol to Induce Stress-Related Responses in C57BL/6 Mice

Monteiro, S., Roque, S., de Sá-Calçada, D., Sousa, N., Correia-Neves, M., & Cerqueira, J. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00006 · Cited by 216

The next step for stress research in primates: To identify relationships between glucocorticoid secretion and fitness

Beehner, J. C., & Bergman, T. J. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.03.003 · Cited by 212

Behavioral Headache Treatment: History, Review of the Empirical Literature, and Methodological Critique

Rains, J. C., Penzien, D. B., McCrory, D. C., & Gray, R. N. (2005) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.4502003.x · Cited by 209

The Role of Life Events and HPA Axis in Anxiety Disorders: A Review

Faravelli, C., Lo Sauro, C., Lelli, L., Pietrini, F., Lazzeretti, L., Godini, L., Benni, L., Fioravanti, G., Alina Talamba, G., Castellini, G., et al. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212803530907 · Cited by 208

The effect of training volume and intensity on improvements in muscular strength and size in resistance-trained men

Mangine, G. T., Hoffman, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Jajtner, A. R., Beyer, K. S., Boone, C. H., Miramonti, A. A., Wang, R., et al. (2015) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12472 · Cited by 204

Interface between hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in depression

Kunugi, H., Hori, H., Adachi, N., & Numakawa, T. (2010) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02135.x · Cited by 200

Review: Minimally invasive sampling media and the measurement of corticosteroids as biomarkers of stress in animals

Cook, N. J. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/cjas2012-045 · Cited by 194

Rat sex and strain differences in responses to stress

Faraday, M. M. (2002) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00645-5 · Cited by 187

The neurobiology and neuroendocrinology of stress

McEwen, B. S. (2002) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(01)00009-0 · Cited by 184

Mitohormesis in exercise training

Merry, T. L., & Ristow, M. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.032 · Cited by 176

Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training?

Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., Salvador-Pascual, A., Cabo, H., Ferrando, B., & Viña, J. (2015) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.006 · Cited by 172

HPA and Immune Axes in Stress: Involvement of the Serotonergic System

Leonard, B. E. (2006) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000104854 · Cited by 169

The overtraining syndrome in athletes: A stress-related disorder

Angeli, A., Minetto, M., Dovio, A., & Paccotti, P. (2004) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03347487 · Cited by 169

An exploratory study of students’ weekly stress levels and sources of stress during the semester

Pitt, A., Oprescu, F., Tapia, G., & Gray, M. (2018) · Active Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1469787417731194 · Cited by 164

Chronic Stress Alters Striosome-Circuit Dynamics, Leading to Aberrant Decision-Making

Friedman, A., Homma, D., Bloem, B., Gibb, L. G., Amemori, K.-I., Hu, D., Delcasso, S., Truong, T. F., Yang, J., Hood, A. S., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.017 · Cited by 162

Disconnection and reconnection: The morphological basis of (mal)adaptation to stress

Sousa, N., & Almeida, O. F. X. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.006 · Cited by 159

The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation

Selye, H. (1951) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90327-0 · Cited by 158

The associations among hippocampal volume, cortisol reactivity, and memory performance in healthy young men

Pruessner, M., Pruessner, J. C., Hellhammer, D. H., Bruce Pike, G., & Lupien, S. J. (2007) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.007 · Cited by 150

Benefits from one session of deep and slow breathing on vagal tone and anxiety in young and older adults

Magnon, V., Dutheil, F., & Vallet, G. T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98736-9 · Cited by 149