Global Network Organization of the Fetal Functional Connectome
Open accessAbstract
Recent advances in brain imaging have enabled non-invasive in vivo assessment of the fetal brain. Characterizing brain development in healthy fetuses provides baseline measures for identifying deviations in brain function in high-risk clinical groups. We examined 110 resting state MRI data sets from fetuses at 19 to 40 weeks’ gestation. Using graph-theoretic techniques, we characterized global organizational features of the fetal functional connectome and their prenatal trajectories. Topological features related to network integration (i.e., global efficiency) and segregation (i.e., clustering) were assessed. Fetal networks exhibited small-world topology, showing high clustering and short average path length relative to reference networks. Likewise, fetal networks’ quantitative small world indices met criteria for small-worldness (σ > 1, ω = [−0.5 0.5]). Along with this, fetal networks demonstrated global and local efficiency, economy, and modularity. A right-tailed degree distribution, suggesting the presence of central areas that are more highly connected to other regions, was also observed. Metrics, however, were not static during gestation; measures associated with segregation—local efficiency and modularity—decreased with advancing gestational age. Altogether, these suggest that the neural circuitry underpinning the brain’s ability to segregate and integrate information exists as early as the late 2nd trimester of pregnancy and reorganizes during the prenatal period. Significance statement. Mounting evidence for the fetal origins of some neurodevelopmental disorders underscores the importance of identifying features of healthy fetal brain functional development. Alterations in prenatal brain connectomics may serve as early markers for identifying fetal-onset neurodevelopmental disorders, which in turn provide improved surveillance of at-risk fetuses and support the initiation of early interventions.
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Fetal networks exhibit efficient small-world organization.
“Fetal networks, like adults, exhibit efficient small-world organization, suggesting that regions are simultaneously well integrated with topologically distant regions of the brain while forming specialized clusters with their close-by neighbors [69, 70].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
Fetal resting-state networks form clusters or modules; this modularity decreases with advancing gestational age.
“Fetal resting-state networks also tend to form clusters or modules; this tendency, called modularity, decreases with advancing gestational age [69, 70].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
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Cited by
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Wu, Y., De Asis-Cruz, J., & Limperopoulos, C. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02449-0 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationRobust sex differences in functional brain connectivity are present in utero
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Self-citation
- Authors
- De Asis-Cruz, J., Andersen, N., Kapse, K., Khrisnamurthy, D., Quistorff, J., Lopez, C., Vezina, G., & Limperopoulos, C.
- Affiliations
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington DC 20010
- Children's National (US)
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington DC 20010
- Corresponding author
- Limperopoulos, Catherine
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-02-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3034-3046
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC8107792
- OpenAlex
- W3126661780
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL116585–01)
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institute of Health Research (MOP-81116)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Keywords
- fetal brain, functional connectome, resting-state MRI, small-world networks, brain development, gestational age, network efficiency, clustering, modularity, degree distribution, prenatal neurodevelopment, neurodevelopmental disorders, graph theory
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Female, Fetus, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Fetal Development, Connectome
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