Cited by 4,181PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Upstream and downstream of mTOR

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Hay, Nissim, Sonenberg, Nahum·2004·Genes & Development

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Abstract

The evolutionarily conserved checkpoint protein kinase, TOR (target of rapamycin), has emerged as a major effector of cell growth and proliferation via the regulation of protein synthesis. Work in the last decade clearly demonstrates that TOR controls protein synthesis through a stunning number of downstream targets. Some of the targets are phosphorylated directly by TOR, but many are phosphorylated indirectly. In this review, we summarize some recent developments in this fast-evolving field. We describe both the upstream components of the signaling pathway(s) that activates mammalian TOR (mTOR) and the downstream targets that affect protein synthesis. We also summarize the roles of mTOR in the control of cell growth and proliferation, as well as its relevance to cancer and synaptic plasticity.

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Authors: Hay, N., & Sonenberg, N.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Chicago (US)
ORCID: Hay, Nissim
Sonenberg, Nahum
Venue: Genes & Development
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published: 2004-08-15
Volume: 18
Issue: 16
Pages: 1926-1945
ISSN: 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
1549-5477
DOI: 10.1101/gad.1212704
OpenAlex: W2129585918
Cited by: 4,181
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 216 · 2017: 219 · 2016: 249 · 2015: 265 · 2014: 280 · 2013: 274 · 2012: 284
Type: posted content
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Institutes of Health
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: mTOR, TOR signaling, protein synthesis regulation, cell growth, cell proliferation, downstream targets, phosphorylation, cancer, synaptic plasticity
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Division, Energy Metabolism, Growth Substances, Neoplasms, Peptide Initiation Factors, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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