Social rewards and social networks in the human brain
Abstract
The rapid development of social media and social networking sites in human society within the past decade has brought about an increased focus on the value of social relationships and being connected with others. Research suggests that we pursue socially valued or rewarding outcomes-approval, acceptance, reciprocity-as a means toward learning about others and fulfilling social needs of forming meaningful relationships. Focusing largely on recent advances in the human neuroimaging literature, we review findings highlighting the neural circuitry and processes that underlie pursuit of valued rewarding outcomes across non-social and social domains. We additionally discuss emerging human neuroimaging evidence supporting the idea that social rewards provide a gateway to establishing relationships and forming social networks. Characterizing the link between social network, brain, and behavior can potentially identify contributing factors to maladaptive influences on decision making within social situations.
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The positive valence system supports social bond formation and maintenance.
“These positive valence processes create a cycle supporting the initiation and strengthening of social bonds regulated by the mesolimbic reward circuit that activates in response to cues signaling potential social reward(16–18) (i.e., incentive salience or ‘wanting’).(19)”
Positive valence processes create a cycle supporting the initiation and strengthening of social bonds regulated by the mesolimbic reward circuit that activates in response to cues signaling potential social reward.
“These positive valence processes create a cycle supporting the initiation and strengthening of social bonds regulated by the mesolimbic reward circuit that activates in response to cues signaling potential social reward(16–18) (i.e., incentive salience or ‘wanting’).(19)”
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An fMRI dataset of social and nonsocial reward processing in young adultsPreprint
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Personally valued voices engage reward-motivated behaviour and brain responses
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Neurobiological and psychosocial correlates of problematic social media use: an addiction framework
Shannon, H., Montgomery, M., Bush, K., Griffiths, M. D., Stead, J., Lemieux, M., Guimond, S., & Hellemans, K. G. C. (2026) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2026.2650300 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The social life of Pavlovian learning
Vicario, C. M., Petrides, M., Tomaiuolo, F., & Massimino, S. (2026) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-026-01481-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
L'inconscio digitale: la sfida di una clinica senza soggetti
Scognamiglio, R. M. (2021) · PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE · doi:10.3280/pu2021-002002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, W., Chen, M., Ding, A., & Ai, P. (2024) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2024.2315585 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lauharatanahirun, N., Wom, A., & Hwang, A. H. (2024) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.8.6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nishida, Y., Shimojo, S., & Hayashi, Y. (2024) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12552 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutzung sozialer Medien durch stationäre Psychotherapie-Patienten
Czech, O. M., Podoll, K., & Schneider, F. W. (2017) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-017-0384-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Uses And Gratifications Of Facebook.Com: An Exploratory Study Of University Students In Pakistan
Mahmood, Z. (2019) · Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Accidental Checkmate: Understanding the Intent behind sharing Misinformation on Social MediaPreprint
Agarwal, A. K. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/f6kne · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ripple Effect of a Pandemic: Analysis of the Psychological Stress Landscape during COVID19Preprint
Agarwal, A. K. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dm5x2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Campellone, T. R. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Czech, O. M., Podoll, K., & Schneider, F. W. (2018) · RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)
- Authors
- Fareri, D. S., & Delgado, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-02-21
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-402
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2142816615
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH084081)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- social reward, social networks, social media, neural circuits, reward processing, interpersonal relationships, reciprocity, social decision-making
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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