Resolving new memories: a critical look at the dentate gyrus, adult neurogenesis, and pattern separation
Open accessAbstract
Recently, investigation of new neurons in memory formation has focused on a specific function-pattern separation. However, it has been difficult to reconcile the form of separation tested in behavioral tasks with how it is conceptualized according to computational and electrophysiology perspectives. Here, we propose a memory resolution hypothesis that considers the unique information contributions of broadly tuned young neurons and highly specific mature neurons and describe how the fidelity of memories can relate to spatial and contextual discrimination. See the related Perspective from Sahay, Wilson, and Hen, "Pattern Separation: A Common Function for New Neurons in Hippocampus and Olfactory Bulb," in this issue of Neuron.
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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is required for learning and memory, in particular for pattern separation.
“Yet, hippocampal adult neurogenesis is required for learning and memory, in particular for pattern separation, i.e., the ability to disentangle similar memory patterns within the output to CA3; indeed this ability, although inherent to the dentate gyrus circuitry, is strongly enhanced from the addition of new neurons to the existing circuits (Aimone et al., 2011;Sahay et al., 2011;Tirone et al., 2”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Aimone et al., 2011
In “Memory resolution and behavior” (page unavailable), the paper reports that reduced neurogenesis impairs demanding discrimination tasks and some long-term memory tests, while increased numbers of immature neurons improve performance on high-resolution tasks. But it does not establish that neurogenesis is required for learning and memory generally. In “Memory resolution and neurogenesis” (page unavailable), it says immature neurons may improve behavioral discrimination even while impairing pattern separation in the classic circuit-level sense, so the claimed strong enhancement of that mechanism overstates its account. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe DG subregion of the hippocampus mediates episodic memory formation and disambiguation of similar but discrete events (pattern separation).
“The dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus mediates episodic memory formation and the disambiguation of similar but discrete events, a phenomenon known as pattern separation [3], [4], [5], [6].”
From Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
Neurogenesis facilitates memory formation by dictating a computational mechanism known as pattern separation.
“This primarily occurs through the role that neurogenesis plays in facilitating memory formation by dictating a computational mechanism known as pattern separation (Aimone et al., 2011; Sahay et al., 2011).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Aimone et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Aimone, J. B., Deng, W., & Gage, F. H.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gage, Fred H.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 589-596
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3240575
- OpenAlex
- W2069785065
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH090258)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dentate gyrus, adult neurogenesis, pattern separation, hippocampus, spatial discrimination, contextual discrimination, memory fidelity, mature neurons, memory formation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Humans, Memory, Dentate Gyrus, Neurogenesis
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