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Monitoring Bacterial Community of Human Gut Microbiota Reveals an Increase in Lactobacillus in Obese Patients and Methanogens in Anorexic Patients

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Armougom, Fabrice, Henry, Mireille, Vialettes, Bernard, Raccah, Denis, Raoult, Didier·2009·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007125PMC PMC2742902
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies of the bacterial communities of the gut microbiota have revealed a shift in the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in obese patients. Determining the variations of microbial communities in feces may be beneficial for the identification of specific profiles in patients with abnormal weights. The roles of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii and Lactobacillus species have not been described in these studies. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We developed an efficient and robust real-time PCR tool that includes a plasmid-based internal control and allows for quantification of the bacterial divisions Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus as well as the methanogen M. smithii. We applied this technique to the feces of 20 obese subjects, 9 patients with anorexia nervosa, and 20 normal-weight healthy controls. Our results confirmed a reduction in the Bacteroidetes community in obese patients (p<0.01). We found a significantly higher Lactobacillus species concentration in obese patients than in lean controls (p=0.0197) or anorexic patients (p=0.0332). The M. smithii concentration was much higher in anorexic patients than in the lean population (p=0.0171). CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus species are widely used as growth promoters in the farm industry and are now linked to obesity in humans. The study of the bacterial flora in anorexic patients revealed an increase in M. smithii. This increase might represent an adaptive use of nutrients in this population.

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Figure 1 Firmicutes system sensitivity at genus taxonomic level. Scores in parentheses indicate the number of sequences matching the system out of the total sequence number of a given genus.
Figure 1 Firmicutes system sensitivity at genus taxonomic level. Scores in parentheses indicate the number of sequences matching the system out of the total sequence number of a given genus.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Bacteroidetes system sensitivity at genus taxonomic level. Scores in parentheses indicate the number of sequences matching the system out of the total sequence number of a given genus.
Figure 2 Bacteroidetes system sensitivity at genus taxonomic level. Scores in parentheses indicate the number of sequences matching the system out of the total sequence number of a given genus.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 The Bacteroidetes quantification. Box and whisker: 10–90 percentiles. Outliers are plotted as a black bubble, means are plotted as a plus, and medians are the black lines in the boxes. P value <0.05 is represented as * and P value <0.01 is represented as ** on the graph.
Figure 3 The Bacteroidetes quantification. Box and whisker: 10–90 percentiles. Outliers are plotted as a black bubble, means are plotted as a plus, and medians are the black lines in the boxes. P value <0.05 is represented as * and P value <0.01 is represented as ** on the graph.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Distribution of high Lactobacillus concentrations. The number of individuals having a high Lactobacillus concentration was 1 out of 20, 8 out of 20, and 0 out of 9 for the lean, obese, and anorexic groups, respectively.
Figure 4 Distribution of high Lactobacillus concentrations. The number of individuals having a high Lactobacillus concentration was 1 out of 20, 8 out of 20, and 0 out of 9 for the lean, obese, and anorexic groups, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Quantification of the archaeon M. smithii species. Values are means±SD. P value <0.05 is represented as * and P value > 0.05 is indicated by “ns” for not significant.
Figure 5 Quantification of the archaeon M. smithii species. Values are means±SD. P value <0.05 is represented as * and P value > 0.05 is indicated by “ns” for not significant.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Armougom, F., Henry, M., Vialettes, B., Raccah, D., & Raoult, D.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Hôpital de la Timone (FR)
  • Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite (FR)
Corresponding author
Raoult, Didier
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2009-09-23
Volume
4
Issue
9
Pages
e7125
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0007125
PMC
PMC2742902
OpenAlex
W2037701117
Cited by
905
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 45
FWCI
13.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
gut microbiota, obesity, anorexia nervosa, Lactobacillus, Methanobrevibacter smithii, methanogenic archaea, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, fecal microbiota, real-time PCR quantification, microbial community shifts
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anorexia Nervosa, Feces, Humans, Intestines, Lactobacillus, Middle Aged, Obesity, Plasmids, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Methanobrevibacter

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