The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 143 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Anxiety and Depression in COPD
Open accessAbstract
Background Approximately 60 million people in the United States live with one of four chronic conditions: heart disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and major depression. Anxiety and depression are very common comorbidities in COPD and have significant impact on patients, their families, society, and the course of the disease.Methods We report the proceedings of a multidisciplinary workshop on anxiety and depression in COPD that aimed to shed light on the current understanding of these comorbidities, and outline unanswered questions and areas of future research needs.Results Estimates of prevalence of anxiety and depression in COPD vary widely but are generally higher than those reported in some other advanced chronic diseases. Untreated and undetected anxiety and depressive symptoms may increase physical disability, morbidity, and health-care utilization. Several patient, physician, and system barriers contribute to the underdiagnosis of these disorders in patients with COPD. While few published studies demonstrate that these disorders associated with COPD respond well to appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy, only a small proportion of COPD patients with these disorders receive effective treatment.Conclusion Future research is needed to address the impact, early detection, and management of anxiety and depression in COPD.
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In the paper
“Estimates of prevalence of anxiety and depression in COPD vary widely but are generally higher than those reported in some other advanced chronic diseases.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Solano, 2006, A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease, J Pain Symptom Manage source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Anxiety and depression often appear together in patients with COPD.6”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
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In the paper
“In stable COPD, the prevalence of clinical depression ranges between 10% and 42%, while that of anxiety ranges between 10% and 19% (Table 2).6–25”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [7] van Manen, 2002, Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants, Thorax source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wagena, 2004, Risk of depression and anxiety in employees with chronic bronchitis: the modifying effect of cigarette smoking, Psychosom Med source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Kunik, 2001, One session cognitive behavioural therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychol Med source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Mikkelsen, 2004, Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a review, Nord J Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Aydin, 2001, Depression, anxiety comorbidity, and disability in tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: applicability of GHQ-12, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Yohannes, 2000, Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Lacasse, 2001, Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Cardiopulm Rehabil source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Aghanwa, 2001, Specific psychiatric morbidity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Nigerian general hospital, J Psychosom Res source
- Not checked yetcites [15] McSweeny, 1982, Life quality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Arch Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In stable COPD, the prevalence of clinical depression ranges between 10% and 42%, while that of anxiety ranges between 10% and 19% (Table 2).6–25”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [7] van Manen, 2002, Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants, Thorax source
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wagena, 2004, Risk of depression and anxiety in employees with chronic bronchitis: the modifying effect of cigarette smoking, Psychosom Med source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Kunik, 2001, One session cognitive behavioural therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychol Med source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Mikkelsen, 2004, Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a review, Nord J Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Aydin, 2001, Depression, anxiety comorbidity, and disability in tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: applicability of GHQ-12, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Yohannes, 2000, Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Lacasse, 2001, Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Cardiopulm Rehabil source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Aghanwa, 2001, Specific psychiatric morbidity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Nigerian general hospital, J Psychosom Res source
- Not checked yetcites [15] McSweeny, 1982, Life quality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Arch Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“only a small proportion of COPD patients with these disorders receive effective treatment.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [33] Kim, 2000, Functional impairment in COPD patients: the impact of anxiety and depression, Psychosomatics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Untreated and undetected anxiety and depressive symptoms may increase physical disability, morbidity, and health-care utilization.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [22] Bosley, 1996, Psychological factors associated with use of home nebulized therapy for COPD, Eur Respir J source
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gudmundsson, 2006, Depression, anxiety and health status after hospitalisation for COPD: a multicentre study in the Nordic countries, Respir Med source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Several patient, physician, and system barriers contribute to the underdiagnosis of these disorders in patients with COPD.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estimates of prevalence of anxiety and depression in COPD vary widely but are generally higher than those reported in some other advanced chronic diseases.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence estimates vary widely, due in part to the use of varied measurement tools and to the different degrees of illness severity across studies.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“with the highest rates, up to 62%, found in oxygen-dependent patients.13”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Lacasse, 2001, Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Cardiopulm Rehabil source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Depression and anxiety are often untreated or undertreated in patients with COPD.35”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Cully, 2006, Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid anxiety or depression, Psychosomatics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Depression has been found to predict fatigue, shortness of breath, and disability in patients with heart disease or COPD, even after adjusting for severity of illness.52–56”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Borson, 1998, Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment trials, Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry
- Not checked yetcites [53] Borson, 1992, Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychosomatics source
- Not checked yetcites [54] Caruso, 2000, What can we do to improve physical function in older persons with type 2 diabetes?, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci source
- Not checked yetcites [55] Sullivan, 2000, Five-year prospective study of the effects of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary artery disease, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked yetcites [56] Von, 2003, Effect on disability outcomes of a depression relapse prevention program, Psychosom Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“figures comparable to or higher than prevalence rates in other advanced diseases such as cancer, AIDS, heart disease, and renal disease.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Solano, 2006, A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease, J Pain Symptom Manage source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The risk of depression (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.4) is higher in patients with severe COPD compared to control subjects,7”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] van Manen, 2002, Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants, Thorax source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Depressed patients with a chronic medical illness are usually sicker than their counterparts37–46 and have lower treatment adherence.37,47–51”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Ciechanowski, 2000, Depression and diabetes: impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs, Arch Intern Med source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Sullivan, 2002, Depression-related costs in heart failure care, Arch Intern Med source
- Not checked yetcites [39] Ciechanowski, 2003, The relationship of attachment style to depression, catastrophizing and health care utilization in patients with chronic pain, Pain source
- Not checked yetcites [40] Unutzer, 1997, Depressive symptoms and the cost of health services in HMO patients aged 65 years and older: a 4-year prospective study, JAMA source
- Not checked yetcites [41] Lustman, 2000, Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [42] de Groot, 2001, Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis, Psychosom Med source
- Not checked yetcites [43] Black, 2003, Depression predicts increased incidence of adverse health outcomes in older Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [44] Barefoot, 1996, Symptoms of depression, acute myocardial infarction, and total mortality in a community sample, Circulation source
- Not checked yetcites [45] Kaufmann, 1999, Relation between myocardial infarction, depression, hostility, and death, Am Heart J source
- Not checked yetcites [46] Jiang, 2001, Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure, Arch Intern Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In one study,34 it was reported that approximately one fourth of COPD patients had unrecognized subclinical depression.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Yohannes, 2003, Prevalence of sub-threshold depression in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In two studies,6,33 fewer than one third of patients were receiving appropriate treatment.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [33] Kim, 2000, Functional impairment in COPD patients: the impact of anxiety and depression, Psychosomatics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A few studies12,33 have reported that approximately two thirds of COPD patients with depression have from moderate-to-severe depression.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Yohannes, 2000, Depression and anxiety in elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, and validation of the BASDEC screening questionnaire, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [33] Kim, 2000, Functional impairment in COPD patients: the impact of anxiety and depression, Psychosomatics source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In patients who have recently recovered from an acute exacerbation of COPD, the prevalence of depression is high and ranges between 19.4% and 50%, while anxiety ranges between 9.3% and 58% (Table 3).26–31”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gudmundsson, 2006, Depression, anxiety and health status after hospitalisation for COPD: a multicentre study in the Nordic countries, Respir Med source
- Not checked yetcites [27] Yohannes, 2005, Depression and COPD in older people: a review and discussion, Br J Community Nurs source
- Not checked yetcites [28] Andenaes, 2004, Psychological distress and quality of life in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Adv Nurs source
- Not checked yetcites [29] Andenaes, 2004, Psychological distress in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Eur J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [30] Dowson, 2001, The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study, N Z Med J
- Not checked yetcites [31] Yellowlees, 1987, Psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic airflow obstruction, Med J Aust source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In patients who have recently recovered from an acute exacerbation of COPD, the prevalence of depression is high and ranges between 19.4% and 50%, while anxiety ranges between 9.3% and 58% (Table 3).26–31”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gudmundsson, 2006, Depression, anxiety and health status after hospitalisation for COPD: a multicentre study in the Nordic countries, Respir Med source
- Not checked yetcites [27] Yohannes, 2005, Depression and COPD in older people: a review and discussion, Br J Community Nurs source
- Not checked yetcites [28] Andenaes, 2004, Psychological distress and quality of life in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Adv Nurs source
- Not checked yetcites [29] Andenaes, 2004, Psychological distress in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Eur J Epidemiol source
- Not checked yetcites [30] Dowson, 2001, The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study, N Z Med J
- Not checked yetcites [31] Yellowlees, 1987, Psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic airflow obstruction, Med J Aust source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Depressed patients with a chronic medical illness are usually sicker than their counterparts37–46 and have lower treatment adherence.37,47–51”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Ciechanowski, 2000, Depression and diabetes: impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs, Arch Intern Med source
- Not checked yetcites [47] DiMatteo, 2000, Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence, Arch Intern Med source
- Not checked yetcites [48] Katon, 2003, The Institute of Medicine “Chasm” report: implications for depression collaborative care models, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [49] Lin, 2004, Relationship of depression and diabetes self-care, medication adherence, and preventive care, Diabetes Care source
- Not checked yetcites [50] Blumenthal, 1982, Physiological and psychological variables predict compliance to prescribed exercise therapy in patients recovering from myocardial infarction, Psychosom Med source
- Not checked yetcites [51] Marcus, 1992, Lifetime prevalence of major depression and its effect on treatment outcome in obese type II diabetic patients, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In a systematic review32 of 64 studies that focused on patients with severe disease, the prevalence of depression ranged from 37 to 71%, and that of anxiety from 50 to 75%”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Solano, 2006, A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease, J Pain Symptom Manage source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Lack of treatment is also associated with poor quality of life and premature death.26,34–36”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gudmundsson, 2006, Depression, anxiety and health status after hospitalisation for COPD: a multicentre study in the Nordic countries, Respir Med source
- Not checked yetcites [34] Yohannes, 2003, Prevalence of sub-threshold depression in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
- Not checked yetcites [35] Cully, 2006, Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid anxiety or depression, Psychosomatics source
- Not checked yetcites [36] Yohannes, 2005, Predictors of 1-year mortality in patients discharged from hospital following acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Age Ageing source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Medical costs are significantly higher for patients with chronic medical illness and major depression than those with chronic illness alone.37,38”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In a systematic review32 of 64 studies that focused on patients with severe disease, the prevalence of depression ranged from 37 to 71%, and that of anxiety from 50 to 75%”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Solano, 2006, A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease, J Pain Symptom Manage source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The diagnosis of COPD is often made only after patients present with symptoms that have demanded a change in lifestyle and a reduction in quality of life.75”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Hajiro, 1998, Comparison of discriminative properties among disease-specific questionnaires for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Stigma regarding mental illness may include the belief that depression is a personal and family issue not to be discussed with physicians.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, there is no consensus as to the most appropriate screening approach.64”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Screening for Anxiety and Depression
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [64] Gilbody, 2005, Screening and case finding instruments for depression, Cochrane Database Syst Rev source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“By compromising health status, mood disorders may lead to increased risk of hospitalization59 and rehospitalization.60”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [59] Fan, 2002, Using quality of life to predict hospitalization and mortality in patients with obstructive lung diseases, Chest source
- Not checked yetcites [60] Gudmundsson, 2005, Risk factors for rehospitalisation in COPD: role of health status, anxiety and depression, Eur Respir J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Institute of Medicine “Chasm Report” has shown that most Americans with chronic illnesses such as COPD, asthma, diabetes, or major depression are not receiving recommended care.48”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Katon, 2003, The Institute of Medicine “Chasm” report: implications for depression collaborative care models, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“By contrast, major depression is likely to require antidepressant medication or other specific mood-focused therapy79 to improve functioning and reduce the risk of chronic depression with its long-term adverse effects on overall disability.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] Koenig, 2006, Predictors of depression outcomes in medical inpatients with chronic pulmonary disease, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Depression care management programs have proven successful in many different settings, and there are also several different funding mechanisms to support these services:”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > COPD Mood/Anxiety Disorder Screening: Implications for Public Policy
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Patient barriers include lack of knowledge about the possibility of anxiety or depression as well as their treatment options.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The high prevalence of symptoms consistent with anxiety or depression among those enrolling in PR means that such symptoms are often identified by COPD disease-specific quality of life instruments, such as the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire90 or the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire.91”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [90] Guyatt, 1987, A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease, Thorax source
- Not checked yetcites [91] Jones, 1992, A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation: the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, Am Rev Respir Dis source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Symptoms consistent with anxiety or depression are highly prevalent among patients enrolling in PR.
In the paper
“Evidence for antidepressant therapy in COPD is limited, with only one small, randomized, placebo-controlled trial53 of treatment in patients with major depression having been published.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] Borson, 1992, Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychosomatics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the same trial,62 the mortality rate among depressed patients during a 3-year period was increased.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Fan, 2007, Sex, depression, and risk of hospitalization and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Arch Intern Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“There are several patient-, physician-, and system-level barriers74 (Table 6).”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, patients may blame themselves for their disease, further weakening their motivation to seek diagnosis and treatment of associated depression.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This study found high efficacy for nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, in improving short-term outcomes for depression, anxiety, panic attacks, cognitive function, and overall disability.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] Borson, 1992, Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychosomatics source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Many primary care physicians or caregivers of people with COPD are often surprised that depression is common.15,27”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In one pilot study9 of CBT, a single intensive 2-h session of CBT resulted in some improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms relative to an education-only intervention.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Kunik, 2001, One session cognitive behavioural therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Psychol Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The enhancements found in quality of care and depression and functional outcomes associated with collaborative care were equally robust compared to usual primary care in the subgroup with COPD or asthma.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [87] Unutzer, 2002, Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, depression has been found to have a profound impact on end-of-life decisions because depressed patients more often opt for “do not resuscitate” decisions.58”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Stapleton, 2005, Association of depression and life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with COPD, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no evidence that these timelimited minor depressive symptoms require specific treatment.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Many COPD patients have transitory mood symptoms during respiratory exacerbations that improve spontaneously as their physical status improves.
In the paper
“Yohannes and colleagues81 reported that people with COPD are reluctant to take yet another medication”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [81] Yohannes, 2001, A feasibility study of antidepressant drug therapy in depressed elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Depression may also be a significant predictor of mortality following hospitalization for acute exacerbations.61”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Almagro, 2002, Mortality after hospitalization for COPD, Chest source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“van Ede et al76 noted the paucity of well-designed studies on depression as a comorbidity in COPD.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [76] van Ede, 1999, Prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review, Thorax source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Results from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial62 reveal that depression increases all hospitalizations, including hospitalizations for respiratory conditions and COPD hospitalizations.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Fan, 2007, Sex, depression, and risk of hospitalization and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Arch Intern Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Depression adversely affects physical functioning in people with COPD, such as reduced 12-min walk distance.16”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Light, 1985, Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with COPD: relationship to functional capacity, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“data supporting the efficacy of medication-only treatment are extremely limited.52”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Borson, 1998, Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment trials, Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The authors104 concluded that acute inpatient rehabilitation is followed by improvement of depressive symptoms and disability in older patients with COPD and major depression.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“All disability domains were lower at discharge compared to baseline (p < 0.0001).”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Depression among patients in PR is often evident in typical symptoms such as hopelessness and pessimism, as well as in less obvious symptoms such as difficulties with concentration and increased social withdrawal.7”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] van Manen, 2002, Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants, Thorax source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Emery and colleagues96 found reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression following a 10-week PR intervention.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] Emery, 1998, Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Health Psychol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other observational studies71,90,91 have found similar reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and emotional distress associated with PR.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Zigmond, 1983, The hospital anxiety and depression scale, Acta Psychiatr Scand source
- Not checked yetcites [90] Guyatt, 1987, A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease, Thorax source
- Not checked yetcites [91] Jones, 1992, A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation: the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, Am Rev Respir Dis source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, in an observational 12-month follow-up study of the same cohort, Emery et al100 noted that participants who discontinued exercise had increases in depressive symptoms.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [100] Emery, 2003, Cognitive and psychological outcomes of exercise in a 1-year follow-up study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Health Psychol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The variable response among individuals to exercise training and the more limited response particularly in those with a history of depression treatment104 suggest a subgroup of COPD patients require specific psychological interventions beyond that offered as part of PR.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Exercise-based PR programs have been among the most consistently helpful interventions for minor mood symptoms in COPD.98,100–102”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Guell, 2006, Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on psychosocial morbidity in patients with severe COPD, Chest source
- Not checked yetcites [100] Emery, 2003, Cognitive and psychological outcomes of exercise in a 1-year follow-up study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Health Psychol source
- Not checked yetcites [101] Kozora, 2002, Neurobehavioral improvement after brief rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J Cardiopulm Rehabil source
- Not checked yetcites [102] Garuti, 2003, Impact of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation on anxiety and depression in hospitalized COPD patients, Monaldi Arch Chest Dis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, the only study104 of PR to address its effect on diagnosed major depression reported remission of depression in 39% of 63 inpatient program participants and clinically significant response in 51%.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plaindirectn = 63- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Subjects with pronounced disability at baseline had the greatest improvement if their depression improved by discharge.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Subsequent participation in supervised whole-body exercise training has been shown in several randomized controlled trials95–98 to improve symptoms of anxiety and depression as a consequence of training-related gains in functional capacity.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [95] Goldstein, 1994, Randomised controlled trial of respiratory rehabilitation, Lancet source
- Not checked yetcites [96] Emery, 1998, Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Health Psychol source
- Not checked yetcites [97] Griffiths, 2000, Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet source
- Not checked yetcites [98] Guell, 2006, Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on psychosocial morbidity in patients with severe COPD, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Managing depression within a collaborative-care model has been demonstrated to be effective in an older primary care population.87”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [87] Unutzer, 2002, Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The improvement in airflow associated with effective bronchodilators will improve dyspnea and exercise tolerance.94”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [94] O’Donnell, 2004, Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD, Eur Respir J source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anxiety and depression are very common comorbidities in COPD and have significant impact on patients, their families, society, and the course of the disease.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Background
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anxiety and depression are very common comorbidities in COPD and have significant impact on patients, their families, society, and the course of the disease.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Untreated or incompletely treated depression and anxiety have major implications for compliance with medical treatment, increased frequency of hospital admissions, prolonged length of stay, and increased consultations with primary care physicians.6,22,26”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Kunik, 2005, Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders, Chest
- Not checked yetcites [22] Bosley, 1996, Psychological factors associated with use of home nebulized therapy for COPD, Eur Respir J source
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gudmundsson, 2006, Depression, anxiety and health status after hospitalisation for COPD: a multicentre study in the Nordic countries, Respir Med source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gilbody et al85 reported in a systematic review of 37 randomized trials of collaborative care vs usual primary care that a collaborative-care model was associated with a twofold increase in adherence to antidepressant medication over a 6-month period as well as significant improvement in depressive symptoms for 2 to 5 years.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [85] Gilbody, 2006, Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes, Arch Intern Med source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This study87 showed that the nurse collaborative-care intervention was associated with significant improvements in quality of depression care, depressive outcomes, and physical functioning compared to usual care over a 2-year period.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [87] Unutzer, 2002, Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA source
plaincorrelationaln = 1,801- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While most primary care physicians inquire about and record smoking status, few assess symptoms associated with smoking that may lead to a suspicion of COPD, such as chronic productive cough, dyspnea with exertion, or change in functional status due to breathing difficulties.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The PHQ-9 nine-question screener can be scored and is useful for diagnosis and follow-up.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Physician barriers include short clinical visit times, the lack of close follow-up, the lack of time for educating patients about depression and counseling, limited skills, and knowledge of mood disorders.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this setting, it may be the identification of COPD that is most crucial to improving care of depression in patients with COPD.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“System issues include the lack of electronic records and registries, poor communication between primary care and mental health care, emphasis on productivity measured as patient throughput, and absence of reimbursement.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Only one half of patients with major depression receive an accurate diagnosis in primary care and, of those with a diagnosis of major depression, only one third to one half receive appropriate pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy.84”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] Simon, 2002, Evidence review: efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in primary care, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Other barriers may include preference for depression care within the primary care system, and therapies that may be limited by insurance coverage or accessibility.74”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Barriers to the Detection and Management of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Probably the most commonly used tool in primary care for depression screening is the PHQ-9 (www.predictonline.com/phq9.htm).”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > The Primary Care Perspective
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Less commonly used choices include the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the CES-D.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a nine-item measure that emulates the DSM-IV and is useful for making a diagnosis of depression and monitoring response to treatment.67”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Screening for Anxiety and Depression
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [67] Kroenke, 2001, The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure, J Gen Intern Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Frequent panic attacks in COPD patients who are receiving medications as prescribed are most often related to a concurrent depressive syndrome, and treatment should be directed to both depressive and anxiety components.52”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Borson, 1998, Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment trials, Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moving these models into everyday practice requires overcoming both clinical and system barriers.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > COPD Mood/Anxiety Disorder Screening: Implications for Public Policy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A variety of validated, easily administered, or self-administered depression screening tools are available.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several tools, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-3, a three-question screener, and the HADS, are available but are not as well validated as the depression screening tools.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In recent years, a model of care termed the collaborative-care model has been found to be associated with marked improvements in the quality of depression care in primary care and significant improvement in depression outcomes.74”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > The Collaborative-Care Model in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [74] Katon, 2001, Rethinking practitioner roles in chronic illness: the specialist, primary care physician, and the practice nurse, Gen Hosp Psychiatry source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, depression lowers quality of life and decreases adherence to treatment.22,58”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM > Prevalence and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in COPD
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study83 that compared CBT with COPD education in patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms, both treatments had a significant effect in improving quality of life and decreasing anxiety and depression (p < 0.005) over 8 weeks. These improvements were maintained during follow-up.83”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Kunik, 2007, COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial, Psychol Med
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Psychological approaches to care have not been adequately developed or studied in clinically depressed COPD patients.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A second small randomized placebo-controlled trial80 using citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI] antidepressant) in lung transplant patients with self-rated depressive symptoms, rather than major depression, found no overall benefit, with small improvements seen only in the less severely affected patients.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80] Silvertooth, 2004, Citalopram and quality of life in lung transplant recipients, Psychosomatics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the somatic symptoms of a major depression overlap with symptoms caused by severe COPD, although sustained depressed mood and marked loss of pleasure in life should not be attributed to lung disease alone.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > DETECTING MOOD/ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE COPD POPULATION > Screening for Anxiety and Depression
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, while there is strong evidence that suggests PR improves exercise capacity and quality of life, the evidence for its impact on clinical anxiety and depression is less defined.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Symptoms of anxiety may be reflected in a variety of ways, including agitation as well as physiologic signs of arousal such as tachycardia, sweating, and dyspnea.93”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [93] Hynninen, 2005, Psychological characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review, J Psychosom Res source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Patients with chronic conditions can take responsibility for the day-to-day management of their condition, with the result of improving their confidence, control, and autonomy.99”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [99] Lorig, 1999, Evidence suggesting that a chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial, Med Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It does improve depressive symptoms, but its effect beyond the duration of the rehabilitation program remains to be defined.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Summary
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Griffiths and colleagues97 reported reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression following a 6-week PR program, with symptoms of depression remaining significantly reduced at 12-month follow-up.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [97] Griffiths, 2000, Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study by de Godoy and de Godoy103 reported reductions in depression and anxiety only among patients who participated in education and stress management in addition to exercise training during a 12-week intervention. They found that exercise training alone did not appear to have a beneficial effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] de Godoy, 2003, A randomized controlled trial of the effect of psychotherapy on anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Arch Phys Med Rehabil source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Brief CBT will help decrease the sensation of dyspnea as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Efficacy of Different Treatment Models in COPD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“History of treatment for depression was associated with limited change in depressive symptoms, whereas social support and satisfaction with treatment were predictors of improvement.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > PR: an Example of a Collaborative-Care Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Alexopoulos, 2006, Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry source
plaincorrelationaln = 63- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients with major depressive disorder are less likely to respond. They require specialized care from a mental health professional.”
§ Anxiety and Depression in COPD* > MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN COPD > Summary
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The prevalence of minor or subclinical depression in COPD is similar to that in other chronic illnesses.
“However, the prevalence of minor or subclinical depression may be even higher in this population, assuming that it is similar to other chronic illnesses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Depression can be managed effectively using a chronic care model in primary care settings.
“Depression can be managed effectively using a chronic care model in the primary care settings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients with comorbid depression and general medical illness are more impaired, have higher mortality, and have 50 to 100% higher medical costs than those without depression, even after controlling for demographics and severity of medical illness.
“Patients with comorbid depression and general medical illness are more impaired, have higher mortality, and have 50 to 100% higher medical costs than those without depression, even after controlling for demographics and severity of medical illness.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many COPD patients have transitory mood symptoms during respiratory exacerbations that improve spontaneously as their physical status improves.
“Many COPD patients have transitory mood symptoms during respiratory exacerbations that improve spontaneously as their physical status improves.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Anxiety and panic attacks are often associated with acute respiratory exacerbations but may also be associated with the pharmacologic effects of β2-agonists or high-dose corticosteroid therapy.
“Anxiety and panic attacks are often associated with acute respiratory exacerbations but may also be associated with the pharmacologic effects of β2-agonists or high-dose corticosteroid therapy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In stable patients with severe COPD and marginal physiologic reserve, small amounts of exercise can precipitate panic attacks due to severe dyspnea sometimes accompanied by hypoxemia.
“In stable patients with severe COPD and marginal physiologic reserve, small amounts of exercise can precipitate panic attacks due to severe dyspnea sometimes accompanied by hypoxemia.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
CBT is based on the assumption that individuals with emotional distress tend to interpret their life experiences in a distorted way.
“CBT is based on the assumption that individuals with emotional distress tend to interpret their life experiences in a distorted way.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Symptoms consistent with anxiety or depression are highly prevalent among patients enrolling in PR.
“The high prevalence of symptoms consistent with anxiety or depression among those enrolling in PR”
The paper relies on this without support.
Dyspnea is a symptom of both COPD and anxiety.
“Dyspnea is a symptom of both COPD and anxiety”
The paper relies on this without support.
Symptoms of anxiety may contribute to the patient’s reluctance to engage in exercise as well as to difficulty concentrating.
“Symptoms of anxiety may contribute to the patient’s reluctance to engage in exercise as well as to difficulty concentrating.”
The paper relies on this without support.
SSRIs have been safely used in other chronic illnesses.
“SSRIs have been safely used in other chronic illnesses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Tricyclic antidepressants are effective treatments for depression, anxiety, or insomnia.
“Tricyclic antidepressants are effective treatments for depression, anxiety, or insomnia”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“whereas that of anxiety varieties between 10% and 19% [11].”
From A psychological intervention to promote acceptance and adherence to non-invasive ventilation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Evidence suggests that there is an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders in people with COPD (Maurer 2008).”
From Psychological therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · cites this paper as Maurer 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Despite assumptions to the contrary from previous research11,16,30, an important and unique finding in this study was that respiratory clinicians recognised the complex mental health needs of people with COPD, and proactively attempted to manage psychological issues.”
From The complexity of mental health care for people with COPD: a qualitative study of clinicians’ perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agustí, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Fabbri, L. M., Martinez, F. J., Nishimura, M., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596pp · Cited by 15,983
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,374
Rabe, K. F., Hurd, S., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Buist, S. A., Calverley, P., Fukuchi, Y., Jenkins, C., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., van Weel, C., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456so · Cited by 4,925
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agustí, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Fabbri, L. M., Martinez, F. J., Nishimura, M., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596pp · Cited by 15,983
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary
Agustí, A. G. N., Celli, B. R., Criner, G. J., Halpin, D. M. G., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., Han, M. K., Martínez, F. J., de, M. M., et al. (2023) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00239-2023 · Cited by 1,467
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary
Agustí, A. G. N., Celli, B. R., Criner, G. J., Halpin, D. M. G., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., Han, M. K., Martínez, F. J., de, M. M., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202301-0106pp · Cited by 920
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Barnes, P. J., Burney, P., Silverman, E. K., Celli, B. R., Vestbo, J., Wedzicha, J. A., & Wouters, E. F. �. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.76 · Cited by 761
Yohannes, A. M., Willgoss, T. G., Baldwin, R., & Connolly, M. J. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2463 · Cited by 501
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Maurer, J., Rebbapragada, V., Borson, S., Goldstein, R., Kunik, M. E., Yohannes, A. M., & Hanania, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (US)
- Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hanania, Nicola A.
- Venue
- Chest
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 43S-56S
- ISSN
- 0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2849676
- OpenAlex
- W2161243447
- Cited by
- 720
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P50AG005136)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13MH073228)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety, depression, comorbidities, prevalence, underdiagnosis, barriers to treatment, pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological treatment, physical disability, health care utilization
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Prognosis, Anti-Anxiety Agents, United States, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Incidence, Prevalence, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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