The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional Specialization within Medial Frontal Cortex of the Anterior Cingulate for Evaluating Effort-Related Decisions
Open accessAbstract
The rat medial frontal cortex (MFC) has been implicated in allowing animals to work harder to receive larger rewards. However, it is unknown what role the individual MFC regions [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prelimbic-infralimbic cortex (PL-IL)] play in such decision making. To investigate this, we trained rats on a T-maze cost-benefit task with two possible courses of action, shown previously to be affected by complete MFC lesions. One response involved climbing a 30 cm barrier to obtain a large quantity of reward (high cost-high reward), whereas the other had a lower energetic demand but also a smaller reward gain (low cost-low reward). Before surgery, all animals preferred to select the high cost-high reward option. However, after excitotoxic ACC lesions, there was a complete reversal of behavior, with the ACC group selecting the low cost-low reward response on nearly every trial. In contrast, both control animals and rats with PL-IL lesions continued to choose to climb the barrier for the larger reward. When the same rats were tested on a delayed match-to-sample paradigm however, it was the PL-IL group that was significantly impaired at learning the response rule, with the performance of ACC rats being comparable with controls. This double dissociation indicates that the ACC is the important region within the MFC when evaluating how much effort to expend for a specific reward.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary Gains and Losses
Gehring, W. J., & Willoughby, A. R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066893 · Cited by 1,884
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making
Bush, G., Vogt, B. A., Holmes, J., Dale, A. M., Greve, D., Jenike, M. A., & Rosen, B. R. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.012470999 · Cited by 1,096
Impulsive choice induced in rats by lesions of the nucleus accumbens core
Cardinal, R. N., Pennicott, D. R., Lakmali, C., Sugathapala, Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060818 · Cited by 923
Cited by
The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging
Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 · Cited by 3,718
Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update
Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.003 · Cited by 3,623
On the relationship between emotion and cognition
Pessoa, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2317 · Cited by 2,350
Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: Lessons from translational neuroscience
Treadway, M. T., & Zald, D. H. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.06.006 · Cited by 1,579
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003196 · Cited by 1,381
The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine
Salamone, J. D., & Correa, M. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.021 · Cited by 1,418
Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates
Dalley, J. W., Cardinal, R. N., & Robbins, T. W. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006 · Cited by 1,329
Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making
Rushworth, M. F. S., Noonan, M. P., Boorman, E. D., Walton, M. E., & Behrens, T. E. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.014 · Cited by 1,111
Self-citationConflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function
BOTVINICK, M. M. (2007) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.7.4.356 · Cited by 1,117
Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits
Salamone, J. D., Correa, M., Farrar, A., & Mingote, S. M. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0668-9 · Cited by 1,000
Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex
RUSHWORTH, M., WALTON, M., KENNERLEY, S., & BANNERMAN, D. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.009 · Cited by 1,004
Self-citationChoice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex
Rushworth, M. F. S., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2066 · Cited by 866
Self-citationThe cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory
Rolls, E. T. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01945-2 · Cited by 859
Value, pleasure and choice in the ventral prefrontal cortex
Grabenhorst, F., & Rolls, E. T. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.12.004 · Cited by 766
Emotion and the prefrontal cortex: an integrative review
Dixon, M. L., Thiruchselvam, R., Todd, R., & Christoff, K. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000096 · Cited by 745
Effort-Based Cost–Benefit Valuation and the Human Brain
Croxson, P. L., Walton, M. E., O'Reilly, J. X., Behrens, T. E. J., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4515-08.2009 · Cited by 560
Self-citationSeparate neural pathways process different decision costs
Rudebeck, P. H., Walton, M. E., Smyth, A. N., Bannerman, D. M., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1756 · Cited by 580
Self-citationSeparate Valuation Subsystems for Delay and Effort Decision Costs
Prévost, C., Pessiglione, M., Météreau, E., Cléry-Melin, M.-L., & Dreher, J.-C. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2752-10.2010 · Cited by 499
Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour
Rushworth, M. F. S., Behrens, T. E. J., Rudebeck, P. H., & Walton, M. E. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.004 · Cited by 507
Self-citationVicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: Is empathy a multisensory issue?
Morrison, I., Lloyd, D., Di Pellegrino, G., & Roberts, N. (2004) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.4.2.270 · Cited by 490
Conscious perception of errors and its relation to the anterior insula
Ullsperger, M., Harsay, H. A., Wessel, J. R., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0261-1 · Cited by 463
Neurobehavioral mechanisms of impulsivity: fronto-striatal systems and functional neurochemistry
Dalley, J. W., Mar, A. C., Economidou, D., & Robbins, T. W. (2008) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.12.021 · Cited by 467
Mesocortical dopamine modulation of executive functions: beyond working memory
Floresco, S. B., & Magyar, O. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0404-5 · Cited by 426
Frontal cortex subregions play distinct roles in choices between actions and stimuli
Rudebeck, P. H., Behrens, T. E., Kennerley, S. W., Baxter, M. G., Buckley, M. J., Walton, M. E., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3541-08.2008 · Cited by 350
Self-citationVenkatraman, V., Chuah, Y. L., Huettel, S. A., & Chee, M. W. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.5.603 · Cited by 359
Floresco, S. B. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00062 · Cited by 336
Salamone, J. D., Yohn, S. E., López-Cruz, L., San Miguel, N., & Correa, M. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww050 · Cited by 350
Dissociable components of rule-guided behavior depend on distinct medial and prefrontal regions
Buckley, M. J., Mansouri, F. A., Hoda, H., Mahboubi, M., Browning, P. G. F., Kwok, S. C., Phillips, A., & Tanaka, K. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1172377 · Cited by 319
Amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuitry regulates effort based decision making
Floresco, S. B., & Ghods-Sharifi, S. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj143 · Cited by 316
Cortico-limbic-striatal circuits subserving different forms of cost-benefit decision making
Floresco, S. B., Onge, J. R. S., Ghods-Sharifi, S., & Winstanley, C. A. (2008) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.8.4.375 · Cited by 305
Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort
Salamone, J. D. (2009) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.08.013.2009 · Cited by 277
Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior
Klein-Flügge, M. C., Bongioanni, A., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.022 · Cited by 244
Self-citationFundamental contribution by the basolateral amygdala to different forms of decision making
Ghods-Sharifi, S., St. Onge, J. R., & Floresco, S. B. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0315-09.2009 · Cited by 257
Neurons in anterior cingulate cortex multiplex information about reward and action
Hayden, B. Y., & Platt, M. L. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4874-09.2010 · Cited by 236
Neural systems implicated in delayed and probabilistic reinforcement
Cardinal, R. N. (2006) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.004 · Cited by 248
Anxiety, Depression, and Decision Making: A Computational Perspective
Bishop, S. J., & Gagne, C. (2018) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-062007 · Cited by 240
Calculating utility: preclinical evidence for cost–benefit analysis by mesolimbic dopamine
Phillips, P. E. M., Walton, M. E., & Jhou, T. C. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0626-6 · Cited by 237
Self-citationBarch, D. M., Pagliaccio, D., & Luking, K. (2015) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_376 · Cited by 218
Reward circuitry function in autism during face anticipation and outcomes
Dichter, G. S., Richey, J. A., Rittenberg, A. M., Sabatino, A., & Bodfish, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1221-1 · Cited by 222
Mesolimbic Dopamine and the Regulation of Motivated Behavior
Salamone, J. D., Pardo, M., Yohn, S. E., López-Cruz, L., SanMiguel, N., & Correa, M. (2015) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_383 · Cited by 204
Cingulate cortex projections to the parahippocampal region and hippocampal formation in the rat
Jones, B. F., & Witter, M. P. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20330 · Cited by 201
Wierenga, C. E., Ely, A., Bischoff-Grethe, A., Bailer, U. F., Simmons, A. N., & Kaye, W. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00410 · Cited by 195
Weber, M. J., Messing, S. B., Rao, H., Detre, J. A., & Thompson‐Schill, S. L. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22429 · Cited by 183
Venkatraman, V., Rosati, A. G., Taren, A. A., & Huettel, S. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2708-09.2009 · Cited by 186
Perry, J. L., Joseph, J. E., Jiang, Y., Zimmerman, R. S., Kelly, T. H., Darna, M., Huettl, P., Dwoskin, L. P., & Bardo, M. T. (2011) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.09.001 · Cited by 180
Skvortsova, V., Palminteri, S., & Pessiglione, M. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1350-14.2014 · Cited by 177
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex Predicts Future States to Mediate Model-Based Action Selection
Akam, T., Rodrigues-Vaz, I., Marcelo, I., Zhang, X., Pereira, M., Oliveira, R. F., Dayan, P., & Costa, R. M. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.013 · Cited by 170
Klein-Flügge, M. C., Kennerley, S. W., Saraiva, A. C., Penny, W. D., & Bestmann, S. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004116 · Cited by 163
“Furthermore, lesions of ACC impair effort-guided choices, but leave intact those guided by delay, while lesions of OFC have the opposite effects, suggesting that (at least partially) distinct networks of brain regions support these two functions [46,78].”
BackgroundAltered neural reward and loss processing and prediction error signalling in depression
Ubl, B., Kuehner, C., Kirsch, P., Ruttorf, M., Diener, C., & Flor, H. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu158 · Cited by 165
Individual Differences in Premotor Brain Systems Underlie Behavioral Apathy
Bonnelle, V., Manohar, S., Behrens, T., & Husain, M. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv247 · Cited by 163
Medial frontal cortex activity and loss-related responses to errors
Taylor, S. F., Martis, B., Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Abelson, J. L., Liberzon, I., Himle, J. A., & Gehring, W. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4709-05.2006 · Cited by 160
Computational Models of Anterior Cingulate Cortex: At the Crossroads between Prediction and Effort
Vassena, E., Holroyd, C. B., & Alexander, W. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00316 · Cited by 140
Dopamine, effort-based choice, and behavioral economics: basic and translational research.
Salamone, J. D., Correa, M., Yang, J.-H., Rotolo, R., & Presby, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00052 · Cited by 142
Distinct contributions of frontal areas to emotion and social behaviour in the rat
Rudebeck, P. H., Walton, M. E., Millette, B. H. P., Shirley, E., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Bannerman, D. M. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05844.x · Cited by 139
Self-citationKim, U., & Lee, T. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08030.x · Cited by 133
Dissociating response selection and conflict in the medial frontal surface
Lau, H., Rogers, R. D., & Passingham, R. E. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.050 · Cited by 125
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in achieving goals
Matsumoto, K., & Tanaka, K. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.005 · Cited by 123
Hosking, J. G., Cocker, P. J., & Winstanley, C. A. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.27 · Cited by 119
Thompson, K. G., Turner, L., Prichard, J., Dodd, F., Kennedy, D. O., Haskell, C., Blackwell, J. R., & Jones, A. M. (2014) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.12.015 · Cited by 109
Central blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors disrupts affective and attentional set‐shifting
Chen, K. C., Baxter, M. G., & Rodefer, J. S. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03548.x · Cited by 97
Scholl, J., Kolling, N., Nelissen, N., Wittmann, M. K., Harmer, C. J., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0396-15.2015 · Cited by 85
Self-citationScholl, J., Kolling, N., Nelissen, N., Browning, M., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Harmer, C. J. (2017) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000756 · Cited by 58
Self-citationA corticoamygdalar pathway controls reward devaluation and depression using dynamic inhibition code
Yuan, Z., Qi, Z., Wang, R., Cui, Y., An, S., Wu, G., Feng, Q., Lin, R., Dai, R., Li, A., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.022 · Cited by 45
Dopamine, effort, and decision making: Theoretical comment on Bardgett et al. (2009).
Salamone, J. D. (2009) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0015381 · Cited by 31
Shah, D., Verhoye, M., Van der Linden, A., & D’Hooge, R. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy329 · Cited by 25
Selective neural coding of object, feature, and geometry spatial cues in humans
Ramanoël, S., Durteste, M., Bizeul, A., Ozier‐Lafontaine, A., Bécu, M., Sahel, J., Habas, C., & Arleo, A. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26002 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Walton, M. E., Bannerman, D. M., Alterescu, K., & Rushworth, M. F. S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-07-23
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 6475-6479
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- OpenAlex
- W2149354807
- Cited by
- 496
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 6.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
