Cited by 120Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Site of origin of and sex differences in the vasopressin innervation of the mouse ( Mus musculus ) brain

Rood, Benjamin D., Stott, Ryan T., You, Samantha, Smith, Caroline J.W., Woodbury, Maya E., De Vries, Geert J.·2013·Journal of Comparative Neurology

Abstract

Defining how arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts centrally to regulate homeostasis and behavior is problematic, as AVP is made in multiple nuclei in the hypothalamus (i.e., paraventricular [PVN], supraoptic [SON], and suprachiasmatic [SCN]) and extended amygdala (i.e., bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BNST] and medial amygdala [MeA]), and these groups of neurons have extensive projections throughout the brain. To understand the function of AVP, it is essential to know the site of origin of various projections. In mice, we used gonadectomy to eliminate gonadal steroid hormone-dependent expression of AVP in the BNST and MeA and electrolytic lesions to eliminate the SCN, effectively eliminating those AVP-immunoreactive projections; we also quantified AVP-immunoreactive fiber density in gonadectomized and sham-operated male and female mice to examine sex differences in AVP innervation. Our results suggest that the BNST/MeA AVP system innervates regions containing major modulatory neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin and dopamine) and thus may be involved in regulating behavioral state. Furthermore, this system may be biased toward the regulation of male behavior, given the numerous regions in which males have a denser AVP-immunoreactive innervation than females. AVP from the SCN is found in regions important for the regulation of hormone output and behavior. Innervation from the PVN and SON is found in brain regions that likely work in concert with the well-known peripheral AVP actions of controlling homeostasis and stress response; female-biased sex differences in this system may be related to the heightened stress response observed in females.

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Crossref · 10.1002/cne.23288

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  • AVP-ir fibers, and to a lesser extent OT-ir fibers and their receptors, have been observed in several forebrain constituents of the SBNN in rodents.

    “AVP-ir fibers, and, to a lesser extent, OT-ir fibers and their receptors have been observed in several forebrain constituents of the “social behavior neural network” (SBNN) in rodents”
  • Male rodents have 2 to 3 times as many vasopressin cells as females in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis/medial amygdala and pronounced sex-different projections to areas involved in social behavior such as the ventral pallidum, lateral septum, lateral habenula, dorsal raphe, periaqueductal gray, and other forebrain areas.

    “For example, male rodents have 2 to 3 times as many AVP cells as females in the BNST/MeA and pronounced sex-different projections to areas involved in social behavior such as the ventral pallidum, lateral septum (LS), lateral habenula, dorsal raphe (DR), periaqueductal gray, as well as other forebrain areas (33, 60)”
  • The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala contribute to the most pronounced sex difference in vasopressin innervation in the brain.

    “Indeed, the BNST and MeA contribute to the most pronounced sex difference in AVP innervation in the brain (33,60).”
  • Although the number of paraventricular vasopressin neurons does not appear to differ by sex, central projections from these neurons are generally denser in female than in male mice.

    “Although the number of PVN AVP neurons do not appear to differ by sex, central projections from these neurons are generally denser in female than in male mice (60).”
  • The female bias in the effects of similar manipulations of paraventricular vasopressin cells may be related to females having denser paraventricular vasopressin projections compared to males.

    “The female bias in the effects of similar manipulations of PVN AVP cells may be related to females having denser PVN AVP projections compared to males (60).”

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Authors
Rood, B. D., Stott, R. T., You, S., Smith, C. J. W., Woodbury, M. E., & De Vries, G. J.
Affiliations
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
  • Smith College (US)
Corresponding author
Rood, Benjamin D.
Venue
Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-04-19
Volume
521
Issue
10
Pages
2321-2358
ISSN
  • 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9861
OpenAlex
W2060309994
Cited by
120
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7
FWCI
13.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5t32mh020051-09)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH020051)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008541)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
vasopressin, sex differences, hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdala, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, gonadectomy, stress response, serotonin, dopamine, mouse brain
MeSH terms
Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Brain, Castration, Cell Count, Dopamine, Electrolytes, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Serotonin, Sex Characteristics, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Mice

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