Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide
Open accessAbstract
Vasopressin (Avp) is mainly synthesized in the magnocellular cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) whose axons project to the posterior pituitary. Avp is then released into the blood stream upon appropriate stimulation (e.g., hemorrhage or dehydration) to act at the kidneys and blood vessels. The brain also contains several populations of smaller, parvocellular neurons whose projections remain within the brain. These populations are located within the PVN, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), medial amygdala (MeA) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the 1950s, research examining the roles of Avp in the brain and periphery has intensified. The development of specific agonists and antagonists for Avp receptors has allowed for a better elucidation of its contributions to physiology and behavior. Anatomical, pharmacological and transgenic, including "knockout," animal studies have implicated Avp in the regulation of various social behaviors across species. Avp plays a prominent role in the regulation of aggression, generally of facilitating or promoting it. Affiliation and certain aspects of pair-bonding are also influenced by Avp. Memory, one of the first brain functions of Avp that was investigated, has been implicated especially strongly in social recognition. The roles of Avp in stress, anxiety, and depressive states are areas of active exploration. In this review, we concentrate on the scientific progress that has been made in understanding the role of Avp in regulating these and other behaviors across species. We also discuss the implications for human behavior.
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AVP has been implicated in a number of adult social behaviors.
“The neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in a number of adult social behaviors (reviewed in Caldwell et al., 2008).”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al., 2008
OT has a single receptor (OTR); AVP has three receptors (V1aR, V1bR, V2R), with V1aR the principal receptor implicated in social processes.
“OT has a single receptor (OTR) both in the periphery and in the brain. AVP has three receptors (V1aR, V1bR, and V2R); V1bR and V2R are expressed primarily in the periphery, and while V1aR and V1bR are present in the brain, V1aR is the principal receptor implicated in social processes (Gainer and Wray 1994; Burbach et al 2005; for a review of the AVP system and behavior see Caldwell et al 2008; for”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al 2008
AVP ligand binding to V1aR activates two potential signaling cascades via Gq and Gi/o proteins, which can open nonspecific cationic channels or close K+ channels.
“AVP ligand binding to V1aR activates two potential signaling cascades via Gq and Gi/o proteins, which can open nonspecific cationic channels or close K+ channels (reviewed in Caldwell et al., 2008; Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al., 2008
OT ligand binding to OTR activates multiple G proteins that can exert diverse effects on cell function, including stimulation of cAMP (Gs), inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (Gi/o), stimulation of potassium channel currents (Gi) and activation of phospholipase C (Gq).
“OT ligand binding to OTR activates multiple G proteins that can exert diverse effects on cell function, including stimulation of cAMP (Gs), inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (Gi/o), stimulation of potassium channel currents (Gi) and activation of phospholipase C (Gq).”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Caldwell, H. K., Lee, H.-J., Macbeth, A. H., & Young, W. S.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, W. Scott
- Venue
- Progress in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-24
- ISSN
- 0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2292122
- OpenAlex
- W2007086728
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 327
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (Z01MH002498)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- vasopressin, neuropeptides, social behavior, aggression, pair bonding, social recognition memory, stress, anxiety, depression, vasopressin receptor, parvocellular neurons, magnocellular neurons, hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdala, knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Memory, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Vasopressins, Receptors, Vasopressin
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