Biocompatibility of chronically implanted transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME) in the rat sciatic nerve
Open accessAbstract
The transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME) is intended to be transversally implanted in the peripheral nerve and to selectively interface subsets of axons in different fascicles within the same nerve. Two versions of TIME (TIME-2, TIME-3) were designed and tested for biocompatibility and safety in the sciatic nerve of the rat. TIME-2 was implanted in two groups: one group had only an acute implant and the second group had chronic implantation for 2 months; a third group was also chronically implanted with the TIME-3 version, designed to avoid the mechanical traction produced by muscles motion. We evaluated the functional and morphological effects of either TIME-2 or TIME-3 implanted in the rat sciatic nerve for 2 months. The results of the study indicate that implantation of the TIME-2 and TIME-3 devices in the rat sciatic nerve did not cause significant axonal loss or demyelination, as evidenced by the functional and histological results. The results of this study indicate that the TIME-2 and TIME-3 designs are biocompatible and safe after chronic implantation in a small peripheral nerve, such as the rat sciatic nerve.
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Both types of intraneural electrodes, the LIFE and the TIME, are biocompatible and do not induce significant nerve damage after implantation, similar to the cuff electrodes.
“The results indicated that both types of intraneural electrodes, the LIFE (Lago et al 2007) and the TIME (Badia et al 2011) are biocompatible and do not induce significant nerve damage after implantation, similar to the cuff electrodes (Rodr´ ıguez et al 2000).”
From Comparative analysis of transverse intrafascicular multichannel, longitudinal intrafascicular and multipolar cuff electrodes for the selective stimulation of nerve fascicles (2011) · cites this paper as Badia et al 2011
These complications have particularly been observed in larger nerve fibers and in chronically implanted intrafascicular devices.
“These events have particularly been observed in larger nerve fibers [4, 31, 32] and in chronically implanted intrafascicular devices [30, 33, 34].”
From Directed stimulation with interfascicular interfaces for peripheral nerve stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
TIME causes a time-limited damage in the nerve fibers and consequent axonal degeneration during the early phase post-implantation, as described in a 2 months rat study.
“As in the case of tf-LIFE [90], TIME causes a time-limited damage in the nerve fibers and consequent axonal degeneration during the early phase post-implantation, as described in a 2 months rat study [98].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Badia, J., Boretius, T., Pascual-Font, A., Udina, E., Stieglitz, T., & Navarro, X.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2324-2332
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2531
- OpenAlex
- W2127964476
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- biocompatibility, chronic implantation, sciatic nerve, peripheral nerves, axonal loss, demyelination, nerve regeneration, peripheral nerve stimulation, rat model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Electric Conductivity, Electrodes, Implanted, Equipment Design, Materials Testing, Sciatic Nerve, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Equipment Failure Analysis, Rats
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