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The biology , function , and biomedical applications of exosomes

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Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles

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Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles

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Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions

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Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers

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Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes

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Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities

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Exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer

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Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell derived exosomes

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Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques

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Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy

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A doxorubicin delivery platform using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy

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Physics and Applications of Microfluidics in Biology

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Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and human plasma

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New Technologies for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

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Systemically Injected Exosomes Targeted to EGFR Deliver Antitumor MicroRNA to Breast Cancer Cells

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Microenvironmental pH Is a Key Factor for Exosome Traffic in Tumor Cells

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A Novel Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System: The Anti-inflammatory Activity of Curcumin Is Enhanced When Encapsulated in Exosomes

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Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles

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Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells

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Label-free detection and molecular profiling of exosomes with a nano-plasmonic sensor

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Exosome Theranostics: Biology and Translational Medicine

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Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences

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Review of the Isolation, Characterization, Biological Function, and Multifarious Therapeutic Approaches of Exosomes

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Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy

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Techniques used for the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles: results of a worldwide survey

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Bioinspired Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles for Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Malignant Tumors

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Isolation of exosomes from whole blood by integrating acoustics and microfluidics

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Bovine milk-derived exosomes for drug delivery

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Characterization of human plasma-derived exosomal RNAs by deep sequencing.

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Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Introducing the Next Small Big Thing

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Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: facts and fallacies

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Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy

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Molecular lipidomics of exosomes released by PC-3 prostate cancer cells

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Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy

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Active loading into extracellular vesicles significantly improves the cellular uptake and photodynamic effect of porphyrins

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Formation and release of arrestin domain-containing protein 1-mediated microvesicles (ARMMs) at plasma membrane by recruitment of TSG101 protein

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NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo

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Designer exosomes produced by implanted cells intracerebrally deliver therapeutic cargo for Parkinson’s disease treatment

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Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes

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Large-scale generation of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes via cellular nanoporation

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Plasma exosomes can deliver exogenous short interfering RNA to monocytes and lymphocytes

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Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes

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The Regulation of Exosome Secretion: a Novel Function of the p53 Protein

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Efficient RNA drug delivery using red blood cell extracellular vesicles

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Exosome–Liposome Hybrid Nanoparticles Deliver CRISPR/Cas9 System in MSCs

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Chip-based analysis of exosomal mRNA mediating drug resistance in glioblastoma

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Exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA in vitro and in vivo

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Ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy of circulating extracellular vesicles using ExoScreen

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Macrophage exosomes as natural nanocarriers for protein delivery to inflamed brain

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Nanoscale lateral displacement arrays for the separation of exosomes and colloids down to 20 nm

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Exosome engineering for efficient intracellular delivery of soluble proteins using optically reversible protein-protein interaction module

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Visualization and tracking of tumour extracellular vesicle delivery and RNA translation using multiplexed reporters

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Microfluidic isolation and transcriptome analysis of serum microvesicles

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Highly multiplexed imaging of single cells using a high-throughput cyclic immunofluorescence method

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Acoustic Purification of Extracellular Microvesicles

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Bioengineered Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Cell-Specific Drug-Delivery Vehicles for Cancer Therapy

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Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanotherapeutics for Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders

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HIV Nef is Secreted in Exosomes and Triggers Apoptosis in Bystander CD4+ T Cells

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exoRBase: a database of circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA in human blood exosomes

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Surface Functionalization of Exosomes Using Click Chemistry

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Systemic exosomal siRNA delivery reduced alpha‐synuclein aggregates in brains of transgenic mice

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ISGylation controls exosome secretion by promoting lysosomal degradation of MVB proteins

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CAR exosomes derived from effector CAR-T cells have potent antitumour effects and low toxicity

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Exosomes — beyond stem cells for restorative therapy in stroke and neurological injury

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Protein Profiling and Sizing of Extracellular Vesicles from Colorectal Cancer Patients via Flow Cytometry

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Nanoparticle orientation to control RNA loading and ligand display on extracellular vesicles for cancer regression

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Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation technology for exomere and small extracellular vesicle separation and characterization

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Extracellular vesicles shuffling intercellular messages: for good or for bad

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Cancer-derived exosomes as a delivery platform of CRISPR/Cas9 confer cancer cell tropism-dependent targeting

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Field-Free Isolation of Exosomes from Extracellular Vesicles by Microfluidic Viscoelastic Flows

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Analyzing proteome topology and function by automated multidimensional fluorescence microscopy

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Modification of Extracellular Vesicles by Fusion with Liposomes for the Design of Personalized Biogenic Drug Delivery Systems

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Integrated Magneto–Electrochemical Sensor for Exosome Analysis

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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Reversing Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Relieving β-Cell Destruction

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Blood Exosomes Endowed with Magnetic and Targeting Properties for Cancer Therapy

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Delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumour cell-derived microparticles

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Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery to suppress postoperative breast cancer metastasis

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Display of GPI‐anchored anti‐EGFR nanobodies on extracellular vesicles promotes tumour cell targeting

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Macrophage-derived exosome-mimetic hybrid vesicles for tumor targeted drug delivery

Rayamajhi, S., Nguyen, T. D. T., Marasini, R., & Aryal, S. (2019) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.054 · Cited by 429

Anchor peptide captures, targets, and loads exosomes of diverse origins for diagnostics and therapy

Gao, X., Ran, N., Dong, X., Zuo, B., Yang, R., Zhou, Q., Moulton, H. M., Seow, Y., & Yin, H. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aat0195 · Cited by 426

Engineered Exosomes With Ischemic Myocardium‐Targeting Peptide for Targeted Therapy in Myocardial Infarction

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Low-cost thermophoretic profiling of extracellular-vesicle surface proteins for the early detection and classification of cancers

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Structural-Mechanical Characterization of Nanoparticle Exosomes in Human Saliva, Using Correlative AFM, FESEM, and Force Spectroscopy

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Exosomes in Cancer Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy: Prospects and Challenges

Syn, N. L. X., Wang, L., Chow, E. K., Lim, C. T., & Goh, B.-C. (2017) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.004 · Cited by 405

Efficient production and enhanced tumor delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles

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Rapid Isolation and Detection of Exosomes and Associated Biomarkers from Plasma

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Golden Exosomes Selectively Target Brain Pathologies in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Deliver Exogenous MicroRNA-let7c via Exosomes to Attenuate Renal Fibrosis

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Self-assembly of extracellular vesicle-like metal–organic framework nanoparticles for protection and intracellular delivery of biofunctional proteins

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Exosome-based tumor antigens–adjuvant co-delivery utilizing genetically engineered tumor cell-derived exosomes with immunostimulatory CpG DNA

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Ciliated micropillars for the microfluidic-based isolation of nanoscale lipid vesicles

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Multiplexed Profiling of Single Extracellular Vesicles

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Stabilization of Exosome-targeting Peptides via Engineered Glycosylation

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Interleukin 3- receptor targeted exosomes inhibit in vitro and in vivo Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia cell growth

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Nanoparticle tracking analysis monitors microvesicle and exosome secretion from immune cells

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Molecular lipid species in urinary exosomes as potential prostate cancer biomarkers

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BEAMing and Droplet Digital PCR Analysis of Mutant IDH1 mRNA in Glioma Patient Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles

Chen, W. W., Balaj, L., Liau, L. M., Samuels, M. L., Kotsopoulos, S. K., Maguire, C. A., LoGuidice, L., Soto, H., Garrett, M. C., Zhu, L. D., et al. (2013) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.28 · Cited by 349

Exosome secretion, including the DNA damage-induced p53-dependent secretory pathway, is severely compromised in TSAP6/Steap3-null mice

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Genetically Engineered Microvesicles Carrying Suicide mRNA/Protein Inhibit Schwannoma Tumor Growth

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Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate apoptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating autophagy

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Extracellular vesicles: lipids as key components of their biogenesis and functions

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Heparanase Regulates Secretion, Composition, and Function of Tumor Cell-derived Exosomes

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Milk exosomes - Natural nanoparticles for siRNA delivery

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In Vitro and in Vivo RNA Inhibition by CD9-HuR Functionalized Exosomes Encapsulated with miRNA or CRISPR/dCas9

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Maximizing exosome colloidal stability following electroporation

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Embryonic Stem Cells‐Derived Exosomes Endowed with Targeting Properties as Chemotherapeutics Delivery Vehicles for Glioblastoma Therapy

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Bioengineered Boronic Ester Modified Dextran Polymer Nanoparticles as Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanocarrier for Ischemic Stroke Treatment

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Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with neuron-targeted exosome for enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration

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Bioengineering Bacterial Vesicle-Coated Polymeric Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy and Metastasis Prevention

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Delivery of foreign antigens by engineered outer membrane vesicle vaccines

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Combined treatment with a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide and cationic lipids achieves enhanced cytosolic delivery of exosomes

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Needle-Free Injection of Exosomes Derived from Human Dermal Fibroblast Spheroids Ameliorates Skin Photoaging

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Extracellular vesicles in renal disease

Karpman, D., Ståhl, A.-L., & Arvidsson, I. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.98 · Cited by 294

Reprogramming Exosomes as Nanoscale Controllers of Cellular Immunity

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Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes exosome secretion by regulating RAB35 and SNAP23 in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Avoiding Pre-Isolation Step in Exosome Analysis: Direct Isolation and Sensitive Detection of Exosomes Using Gold-Loaded Nanoporous Ferric Oxide Nanozymes

Boriachek, K., Masud, M. K., Palma, C., Phan, H., Yamauchi, Y., Hossain, M. S. A., Nguyen, N., Salomón, C., & Shiddiky, M. J. A. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03619 · Cited by 291

Targeted exosome-mediated delivery of opioid receptor Mu siRNA for the treatment of morphine relapse

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Extracellular vesicles in liver disease and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Szabó, G., & Momen‐Heravi, F. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.71 · Cited by 286

Size Characterization and Quantification of Exosomes by Asymmetrical-Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

Sitar, S., Kejžar, A., Pahovnik, D., Kogej, K., Tušek‐Žnidarič, M., Lenassi, M., & Žagar, E. (2015) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01636 · Cited by 283

Engineered Exosome-Mediated Near-Infrared-II Region V2C Quantum Dot Delivery for Nucleus-Target Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy

Cao, Y., Wu, T., Zhang, K., Meng, X., Dai, W., Wang, D., Dong, H., & Zhang, X. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b07224 · Cited by 281

Aptamer-functionalized exosomes from bone marrow stromal cells target bone to promote bone regeneration

Luo, Z.-W., Li, F.-X.-Z., Liu, Y.-W., Rao, S.-S., Yin, H., Huang, J., Chen, C.-Y., Hu, Y., Zhang, Y., Tan, Y.-J., et al. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr02791b · Cited by 281

ARMMs as a versatile platform for intracellular delivery of macromolecules

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Characterisation of adipocyte‐derived extracellular vesicle subtypes identifies distinct protein and lipid signatures for large and small extracellular vesicles

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Molecularly Engineered Macrophage-Derived Exosomes with Inflammation Tropism and Intrinsic Heme Biosynthesis for Atherosclerosis Treatment

Wu, G., Zhang, J., Zhao, Q., Zhuang, W., Ding, J., Zhang, C., Gao, H., Pang, D., Pu, K., & Xie, H. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201913700 · Cited by 269

Microfluidic Sonication To Assemble Exosome Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Immune Evasion-Mediated Targeting

Liu, C., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Chang, J., Tian, F., Zhao, F., Ma, Y., & Sun, J. (2019) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02841 · Cited by 268

Targeting extracellular vesicles to injured tissue using membrane cloaking and surface display

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Exosome-mediated delivery of functionally active miRNA-142-3p inhibitor reduces tumorigenicity of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo

Naseri, Z., Oskuee, R. K., Jaafari, M. R., & Forouzandeh, M. (2018) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s182384 · Cited by 258

Reversing drug resistance of soft tumor-repopulating cells by tumor cell-derived chemotherapeutic microparticles

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Label-Free Nanoplasmonic-Based Short Noncoding RNA Sensing at Attomolar Concentrations Allows for Quantitative and Highly Specific Assay of MicroRNA-10b in Biological Fluids and Circulating Exosomes

Joshi, G. K., McElyea, S. D., Liyanage, T., Lawrence, K. N., Mali, S. S., Sardar, R., & Korc, M. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b04527 · Cited by 255

Engineering macrophage-derived exosomes for targeted chemotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer

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A platform for actively loading cargo RNA to elucidate limiting steps in EV‐mediated delivery

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KIBRA controls exosome secretion via inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of Rab27a

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RAL-1 controls multivesicular body biogenesis and exosome secretion

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Exosomes Engineered to Express a Cardiomyocyte Binding Peptide Demonstrate Improved Cardiac Retention in Vivo

Mentkowski, K. I., & Lang, J. K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46407-1 · Cited by 244

Mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy and increase β-amyloid clearance in Alzheimer disease models

Shin, J. Y., Park, H. J., Kim, H. N., Oh, S. H., Bae, J.-S., Ha, H.-J., & Lee, P. H. (2014) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.26508 · Cited by 243

Engineered Exosomes for Targeted Transfer of siRNA to HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Khodashenas, S., Moghadam, M. F., Moazzeni, S. M., Gomari, H., & Salimi, F. (2018) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-018-2813-4 · Cited by 243

Role of sphingolipids in the biogenesis and biological activity of extracellular vesicles

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Genetically Engineered Cell-Derived Nanoparticles for Targeted Breast Cancer Immunotherapy

Shi, X., Cheng, Q., Hou, T., Han, M., Smbatyan, G., Lang, J. E., Epstein, A. L., Lenz, H., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.020 · Cited by 237

Autologous tumor cell–derived microparticle-based targeted chemotherapy in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion

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Molecular Detection and Analysis of Exosomes Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Gold Nanorods and a Miniaturized Device

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Exosomes in stroke pathogenesis and therapy

Zhang, Z. G., & Chopp, M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81133 · Cited by 228

Uniform and accurate single-cell sequencing based on emulsion whole-genome amplification

Fu, Y., Li, C., Lü, S., Zhou, W., Tang, F., Xie, X. S., & Huang, Y. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1513988112 · Cited by 226

Tumor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Coated Nanocarriers: An Efficient Theranostic Platform for the Cancer-Specific Delivery of Anti-miR-21 and Imaging Agents

Bose, R. J., Sukumar, U. K., Zeng, Y., Afjei, R., Robinson, E. R., Lau, K. H., Bermudez, A., Habte, F. G., Pitteri, S. J., Sinclair, R., et al. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b02587 · Cited by 226

A33 antibody-functionalized exosomes for targeted delivery of doxorubicin against colorectal cancer

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Mapping Subpopulations of Cancer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Particles by Nano-Flow Cytometry

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An ultrasensitive polydopamine bi-functionalized SERS immunoassay for exosome-based diagnosis and classification of pancreatic cancer

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Modulation of tissue tropism and biological activity of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles: New nanotools for cancer treatment

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A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing

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Chemically Edited Exosomes with Dual Ligand Purified by Microfluidic Device for Active Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumor Cells

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High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy

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Quantitative and Specific Detection of Exosomal miRNAs for Accurate Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using a Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor Based on Plasmonic Head‐Flocked Gold Nanopillars

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Exosome-coated metal–organic framework nanoparticles: an efficient drug delivery platform

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Aptamer-Functionalized Exosomes: Elucidating the Cellular Uptake Mechanism and the Potential for Cancer-Targeted Chemotherapy

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Development of exosome surface display technology in living human cells

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Methotrexate-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Functionalized with Therapeutic and Targeted Peptides for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme

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Exosome-based delivery of super-repressor IκBα relieves sepsis-associated organ damage and mortality

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Antibody-coupled monolithic silica microtips for highthroughput molecular profiling of circulating exosomes

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Increasing vaccine potency through exosome antigen targeting

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Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes from Human Neural Stem Cells by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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On-chip surface acoustic wave lysis and ion-exchange nanomembrane detection of exosomal RNA for pancreatic cancer study and diagnosis

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More Than Tiny Sacks

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Direct isolation and characterization of circulating exosomes from biological samples using magnetic nanowires

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