Timing to perfection: the biology of central and peripheral circadian clocks
Open accessAbstract
The mammalian circadian system, which is comprised of multiple cellular clocks located in the organs and tissues, orchestrates their regulation in a hierarchical manner throughout the 24 hr of the day. At the top of the hierarchy are the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which synchronize subordinate organ and tissue clocks using electrical, endocrine, and metabolic signaling pathways that impact the molecular mechanisms of cellular clocks. The interplay between the central neural and peripheral tissue clocks is not fully understood and remains a major challenge in determining how neurological and metabolic homeostasis is achieved across the sleep-wake cycle. Disturbances in the communication between the plethora of body clocks can desynchronize the circadian system, which is believed to contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will highlight the relationship between clocks and metabolism, and describe how cues such as light, food, and reward mediate entrainment of the circadian system.
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SCN coordinates the regulation of cellular clocks by sending hormonal and electrical signals.
“SCN coordinates the regulation of cellular clocks by sending hormonal and electrical signals (50).”
From Modeling the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis: A review and extension (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
The circadian rhythm is mainly synchronized by the circadian clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
“The circadian rhythm is mainly synchronized by the circadian clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located in the hypothalamus in the brain [1].”
From Patient specific modeling of the HPA axis related to clinical diagnosis of depression (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
The SCN maintain coordination of peripheral clocks via autonomic nervous system tone, secretion of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol, and core body temperature.
“Tone of the autonomic nervous system, secretion of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol, and core body temperature exhibit SCN-driven rhythms that can synchronize peripheral clocks (16).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
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BackgroundAging, circadian disruption and neurodegeneration: Interesting interplay
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- Authors
- Albrecht, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Albrecht, Urs
- ORCID
- Albrecht, Urs
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-260
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057080091
- Semantic Scholar
- 8f5d905a63dc11f3895949c05c73a660d73aa4b7
- Cited by
- 915
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Velux Stiftung
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, peripheral clocks, circadian entrainment, light entrainment, food entrainment, reward, metabolism, circadian desynchrony, obesity, neuropsychiatric disorders, sleep-wake cycle
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biology, Homeostasis, Humans, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Signal Transduction, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Circadian Clocks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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